学年苏教版必修三 谏太宗十思疏 学案.docx
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学年苏教版必修三谏太宗十思疏学案
文本14 谏太宗十思疏
学习重点 1.积累文中重要的文言知识,背诵文中富有哲理的句子。
2.领悟文中“居安思危,戒奢以俭”的道理以及“十思”的积极意义。
文本名句
(1)求木之长者,必固其根本;欲流之远者,必浚其泉源;思国之安者,必积其德义。
(2)源不深而望流之远,根不固而求木之长,德不厚而望国之治。
(3)善始者实繁,能克终者盖寡。
(4)竭诚则吴越为一体,傲物则骨肉为行路。
(5)怨不在大,可畏惟人;载舟覆舟,所宜深慎。
(6)念高危,则思谦冲以自牧;惧满溢,则思江海下百川。
文本导学
1.读准字音
(1)单音字
①浚源( ) ②谗邪( )
③懈怠( )④壅蔽( )
⑤谬赏( )⑥黜恶( )
(2)多音字
①
②
2.理解词语
(1)解释下列加点的词语
①当神器之重:
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②承天景命:
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③则纵情以傲物:
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④虽董之以严刑:
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⑤能克终者盖寡:
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⑥将有作:
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________________________________________________________________________________ ⑦则思谦冲以自牧:
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⑧则思慎始而敬终:
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(2)一词多义
①下
②当
③信
④求
⑤安
(3)古今异义
①求木之长者,必固其根本
古义:
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今义:
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②既得志,则纵情以傲物
古义:
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今义:
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③虑壅蔽,则思虚心以纳下
古义:
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今义:
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④乐盘游,则思三驱以为度
古义:
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今义:
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⑤傲物则骨肉为行路
古义:
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今义:
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(4)虚词归纳
①之
②以
③而
④所
3.词类活用
(1)名词作状语
貌恭而不心服:
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(2)名词用作动词
江海下百川:
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(3)动词用作名词
①诚能见可欲:
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②将有作:
(4)形容词用作名词
①人君当神器之重:
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②居域中之大:
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③想谗邪:
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④简能而任之:
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⑤择善而从之:
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⑥则思正身以黜恶:
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(5)形容词用作动词
智者尽其谋:
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(6)使动用法
①必固其根本:
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②则思知止以安人:
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③则思虚心以纳下:
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④则思正身以黜恶:
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⑤何必劳神苦思:
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⑥欲流之远者:
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(7)意动用法
乐盘游:
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4.语句翻译
(1)臣闻求木之长者,必固其根本;欲流之远者,必浚其泉源;思国之安者,必积其德义。
译文:
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(2)有善始者实繁,能克终者盖寡。
译文:
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(3)可以尽豫游之乐,可以养松乔之寿,鸣琴垂拱,不言而化。
译文:
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5.利用结构对称特点推断加点字的意思或用法
(1)源不深而望流之远,根不固而求木之长,德不厚而望国之治:
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(2)则思慎始而敬终:
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(3)恩所加,则思无因喜以谬赏;罚所及,则思无因怒而滥刑:
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(4)总此十思,宏兹九德:
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(5)简能而任之,择善而从之:
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本文作者的观点是什么?
作者的行文思路是怎样的?
答:
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1.作者在文章的开头为什么不开宗明义直接提出论点,而要从设喻入手呢?
答:
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2.魏徵劝谏唐太宗“十思”的核心内容是什么?
可概括为哪两个方面?
答:
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3.文章的最后部分“总此十思,……大道哉?
”可以删去吗?
它在全文中起到了怎样的作用?
答:
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4.本文在论证过程中大量地引用了经典中的话,其表达效果如何?
答:
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古人上疏,落笔定然谨慎,务求字字准确妥帖。
魏徵在唐太宗“喜闻顺旨之说”“不悦逆耳之言”的时候上疏,更是慎之又慎。
请具体赏析《谏太宗十思疏》中的语言美,体味作者的思想感情。
(1)修辞美
答:
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(2)音乐美
答:
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链接作家作品
1.作者简介
魏徵(580—643),字玄成,巨鹿(今属河北)人。
唐代文学家、政治家、史学家。
少年孤贫,有大志。
隋末参加李密义军,后随李密投唐。
太宗即位,授以谏议大夫。
由于他生性刚直,善于直言诤谏,竭诚以事太宗,因此深得信任。
唐太宗“数引徵入卧内,访以得失”。
魏徵一生先后上书二百多次,达数十万言,大都被采纳。
他死后,唐太宗悲痛不已,亲自为他写了碑文,并对侍臣说:
“夫以铜为镜,可以正衣冠;以古为镜,可以知兴替;以人为镜,可以明得失……今魏徵殂逝,遂亡一镜矣!
”这足见魏