外文翻译 汽车电子中的DSP和FPGA应用.docx

外文翻译 汽车电子中的DSP和FPGA应用.docx

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外文翻译汽车电子中的DSP和FPGA应用

英文文献

ThecarelectronicsDSPandFPGAapplication

1introduction

Attheendofthe20thcentury,theglobalinformationrevolutionwave,theriseoftheautomobileindustryfortheunprecedenteddevelopmentprovidesagoldenopportunity,informationtechnologyiswidelyappliedtosolvethecartraffic,trafficsafety,environmentpollution,energyissuessuchasthebestwaytodry.Atthesametime,alongwiththedevelopmentofautomobileelectronictechnology,electroniccomponentproportionofvehiclecostswhicharerisinggradually.Accordingtothestatisticaldatashowthat,atpresentandincountriesinEuropeandAmerica,theproductionautomobileelectroniccomponenthasaccountedforautomobiletotalcostof20~30,andautomotiveelectroniccomponentswiththespeedoffastgrowthyear8.8%,especiallythedigitalsignalprocessor（DSP）chipdosageiswillincreaseby25percentayear.In2005,thecartoestimatethemarketscale,electroniccomponentwillreach$1.7billion.Thus,electronic,integration,digitalandinformation,network,intelligent,miniaturizationandpersonalizedhasbecomeandwillcontinuethedevelopmentofautomobileindustryisanimportanttrend.ThispaperdiscussesconcentratedinautomotiveelectronicsbasedonDSPandFPGAdigitaltechnology.

DSPandFPGAtechnologyinmanyfieldsarewidelyusedinautomotiveelectronicsfield,alsohasitsbroadapplicationstage.Duetothestrongreal-time,makeitsvoicereal-timeprocessingofpossible,Becauseitisthroughthechipstructureofsoftwareprogramminginstructionstorealizeitsfunction,soonlymodifythesoftwareandhardwareplatformshouldnotchangecanimprovethesystemoforiginaldesignortheoriginalfunction,withgreatflexibility,AndbecauseofDSPandFPGAchipsforsomefunctionisdesigned,souserange,highyield,thepricecanbeverylow.Therefore,DSPandFPGAinautomobileelectronicsystemapplication,willgreatlypromotethedevelopmentofautomobileelectronictechnology.

2DSPandFPGAinautomobileelectronicapplication

DSPastheprogrammableVLSI（DFM）devices,itisthroughdownloadablesoftwareorfirmwaretoexpandalgorithmandthefunctionofdigitalsignalprocess,itisthemosttypicalUSESFIRfiltersandFFTalgorithm.Inthehardware,themostbasicDSPtectonicunitsiscalledtheMAC'simplementation,itisusuallyintegrationindatachannel,whichmakestheinstructioncycletimewiththesamehardwarearithmeticcycletime.Inaddition,DSPandseveralindependentpiecesinmemory,ROM,RAM,parallelfunctionalunitandphaselockloop（PLL）,theoscillator,severaleightor16bus,clockinterruptcircuit,etc.Wirelessportabledevicestomeettherequirementsofpreservingdatawithoutelectricity,DSPisadopted,suchasflashmemoryandferroelectricmemorytechniques.Atpresent,mostofthedigitalsignalprocessor（DSP）usingtheimprovedstructure,namely,harvarddatabusandtheaddressbusseparated,makesaprocessinginstructionanddatacanbesimultaneously,improveefficiency.Inaddition,usinglinetechnologywilltaketheoperands,etc,referstotheinstructionoftimecanstepupgreatlyliftbothspeed.

TheFPGAreferstothefieldprogrammablegatesarray,itisthebasicfunctionmodulesbyninputslookuptables,datastoragetriggersandcomplexway,etc.So,aslongasonecorrectlysetofdata,thelook-uptablecanbereadbythedataoftherealizationoftheinputandarbitraryBooleanfunction.Hairtriggerisusedtostorethedata,suchasfinitestatemachinestateinformation.Afterwaycanchoosedifferentcombinationoftheinputsignal,andtriggerslookuptableswithprogrammablewiringresources,canrealizethecombinationofdifferentlogicandtemporallogic.DuetotheinternalstructureofFPGA,itcaneasilydistributedalgorithmtorealizethatstructureofautomobileelectronichigh-speeddigitalsignalprocessingisveryfavorable.DuetotherealizationofthefunctionoftheFPGAdevicecanalsowork,soastorealizetheinstruction,yields,lineleveleventheconcurrentexecutionoftask,whichgreatlyacceleratedthespeedofcalculation.ThecalculationofFPGArealizinguniversalprocessorsystemcanreachtheexistinghundredsandeventhousandsoftimes.And,becausetheFPGAcandynamically,systemconfigurationofthewaferareaisnotsupportedbythenumberoflinearfunctionofwirelessinterface,sotheremaybelittlepiecesofintegratingaFPGAevensupportallstandardsystem.However,duetothedevelopmentoftheexistingsystemofFPGAarealmostasASICdesignandtestoftheprototype,thedevelopmentsysteminsavingprojectdevelopmenttimeisveryhigh,andtheefficiencyoftheutilizationefficiencyofresourcesinFPGAwasrelativelypoor.HDLlanguagecangreatlyimprovethedesignability,butinthemaximumdeviceperformanceofthedesignmethodofHDLcertainlimitations,stillcannotprovidetheFPGAlayoutoptimizationandwiring.

3.automotiveelectronicofDSPandFPGAapplication

Mentionofautomobileelectronicdigital,wirelesscommunicationiscurrentlynotthinkofsoftwareradiotechnology,althoughitisforwirelesscommunication,butthesoftwareradiotoachievethethoughts,andautomotiveelectronicdigitalprocessingisthegoalofthespiritualpathiscome.Therefore,itisnecessarytomentionandusethistechnologyimplementationideasandthoughts.Theconceptofsoftwareradioforthefirsttimein1992,isclear,mayputtheMITREcompanybyJoeMitola,itiscurrentcalculationtechnology,largescaleintegratedcircuitanddigitalsignalprocessingtechnologyintheapplicationofwirelesscommunication,Itisabasicideaandpursuingthegoalistoconstructaopen,standardization,modulargeneralhardwareplatformandmultiplefunctions,suchasworkwillband,demodulationtype,dataformats,encryptionmode,communicationprotocolusingsoftware,torealizehighflexibility,opencommunicationproducts.So,forthestudyofautomotiveelectronicdigitalproducts,candrawthefollowingmainsoftwareradiothought:

first,tomakethecaroutoftheelectronicproducts,hardwarestructure,Second,andnotthehardware,Third,automobileelectronicproductsshouldopenandcompatibility,openreferstotheuseoftheopenopen,andtheproductionofopening.BelowisdiscussedbasedonsoftwareradiothoughtDSPandFPGAinautomobileelectronicapplication.

BasedonDSPandFPGA3.1thespeechsignalprocessing

Automobileelectronicproductsmainlyinvolvesthespeechprocessingofthedigitalprocessing,speechspeechcodec,speechcompressandvoicerecognition.Foreignhotautomobileelectronicproductsisoneofthespeechrecognitionsystem,speechrecognitionsystemhaspotentialapplications,includingvoicecalls,phonologicaloperationnavigation,televox,anti-theftspeechbroadcastchannelschoiceidentification,etc.Forexample,ahiddenmarkovmodel（HMM）ofthepeople,andspeechrecognitionof100instructions,literature,itfollowsthatthesizeoftheacousticHMMmodelfor.Includessamplesubdivision/speechinputwindow,MFCCextraction,probabilitycalculationandtimelytreatment,etcViterbisearchforrequiredforthecalculationofgeneralDSP10,000milliontimesbyadd（MAC）.Forcontinuousspeechrecognition,thesignalisforbetterdigitalsignalprocessingspeedandagreaterstoragespace.Becausespeechrecognitionsystemforreal-timeprocessingandsamplingsound,requiresalotofoperation,iftheycalculationofresourceallocationfor20milliontimesMACspeechrecognition,needtohave500milliontimesprocessorMAC'sability.Therefore,mustuseDSPandFPGAtofinishthetask.DSPandFPGAprocessingspeedspeechsignalprocessingapplicationsystem'scomplexityanddecisive,high-speedDSPandFPGArealizingcanrealizethetrackadaptiveacousticfieldadaptivesuchmodernaudioprocessingandrecognitiontechnology.Theoretically,DSPandFPGAprocessingfaster,caraudioprocessingandidentifytheproductapplicationperformanceisbetter.

Withtheincreasinglydiverseapplications,DSPandFPGAevolvedintoaseparatechipsisnolonger,andbecomethecorecomponent.Thismakesstylistcanselectappropriatekernelandspeciallogic"cementedtogetherformspecialDSPandFPGAsolutionstomeettheneedofsignalprocessing.Currently,theDSPcoreandtheASICmicrocontrollerinchips.Automobileelectronicsystemusingcommondigitalsignalprocessor（DSP）andFPGAtoachievespeechsynthesis,errorcorrectioncoding.Andspeechsynthesis,speechcompressandcodingisthefirstandmostDSPwidelyused,vectorencoderwillbecompressedintospeechsignalbandwidthchannel.

3.2basedonDSPandFPGAcarimagesignalprocessing

Digitalimageprocessingandanalysistechniqueisamaturetwo-dimensionalsignalprocessingtechnology,havebeenwidelyappliedincommunication,biologicalmedicine,industrialtestandmilitaryetc.,ofcourse,thecarelectronicsalsowillinvolvelargeamountsofimageprocessing.Thecarelectronicsincludeimageprocessing,imageprocessingandstaticmovementofimageprocessing.Atpresent,manyindustrieshaveopenedthecarglobalpositioningsystem（GPS）.GPSvehicleexceptthecoordinatesofinformationtransmissiononeself,stillneedtotransfertheirplaceofenvironmentalimageinformation,suchasrescueinjuredsite,emergencyreliefsceneimageetc.Atthesametime,allthetrafficflowmonitoringimagewillreturntrafficcommandcenter,alsoneedtoundertakeimagesignalprocessing.Forthiskindofmotorsportsimages,maincharacteristicsare:

first,multi-ratecompression.Becausewirelesschanneltime-varyingsystem,theeffectivebandwidth,transmissionanddataratestendtobeconstantlychangi