英语专业八级考试全真试题4.docx

英语专业八级考试全真试题4.docx

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英语专业八级考试全真试题4

英语专业八级考试全真试题（4）

TEXTGFirstreadthequestion.33.Thefollowingpassageemphasizestheroleof___inhealthconservation.A.advertisingB.researchC.governmentsD.taxationNowgothroughTEXTGquicklytoanswerquestion33.Mostoftheillhealthwesuffercouldbepreventedifpeoplemademoreefforttochangetheirlifestyles.Insteadmanypeoplecontinuetosmoke,todrinkexcessivelyandtoeatunbalanceddiets.Howcangovernmentshelppeopleconservetheirhealthandavoidprematuredeath?

Well,manyofthemeasureswhichneedtobetakenareprimarilyamatterofnewlegislationandneednotbeexpensive.Oneofthefirstpreventivehealthmeasuresshouldbeanincreaseintaxesontobaccotothepointatwhichconsumptionfallsoff.Theaimshouldbetoraisethesameamountofrevenuefromadecreasingnumberofpeople.Intheshorttermsuchapolicycouldevenraiseextramoneywhichshouldthenbespentonsubsidizingsportsothatadvertisingtobaccothroughsportssponsorshipcouldbebanned.Legislationisbadlyneededtobanalladvertisingoftobaccoproductsasitpersuadespeopletosmokemoreandsoisinalargepartresponsiblefortheillhealthandthousandsofprematuredeathscausedbycancerofthelung.Othermeasuresshouldbeenforced,suchasamuchtougherhealthwarningoncigarettepackets,andtobaccocompaniesshouldbemadetocontributetoresearchintoacureforlungcancer.Alcoholismcouldbepreventedbymakingwines,spiritsandstrongbeersmoreexpensiveandtherevenueraisedcouldbeusedtosetupclinicstohelpthepeoplewhoalreadyhaveadrinkproblemandwanttogiveup.Similarlyalladvertisingofalcoholshouldbebannedandcompensationpaidtofamiliesofalcoholicswhodieofcirrhosisoftheliver.Acountry’sfoodandagriculturalpolicyshouldalsobebasedonacoherenthealthpolicy.Forpoliticalreasonsitisconsideredimportanttohavearelativelycheapsupplyofeggs,cheeseandmilk,theveryfoodswhichareblamedasthecauseofheartdiseasewheneateninexcess.Andevenifitisdisputedthatexcessanimalfatisdetrimentaltohealth,foodscouldbelabelledwiththeaveragepercentageofdifferentfatssothatconsumerswhowantedtoreducetheirsaturatedfatintakewouldbeabletodosoeasily.Muchmorecouldbedonetoimprovepeople’sdietinBritainandeveryoneshouldbeencouragedtoeatthetypesoffoodwhicharegoodforhealth.Currentresearchonthenutritionalvalueoffoodsshouldbefreelyavailableandthegovernmentshouldcontroltheadvertisingof“rubbish”food.AprogrammeofhealtheducationandlessonsonsensibleeatingcouldbestartedintheschoolswiththeGovernment’sbacking.TEXTHFirstreadthequestion.34.Thepassageisprimarily___inthedevelopmentofthethesis.A.persuasiveB.descriptiveC.narrativeD.expositoryNowgothroughTEXTHquicklytoanswerquestion34.Thequestionremains:

mustweconform?

Orcanwe,somehow,resistthepowersthatconspiretodomesticateus?

Andifso,withwhatarmsarewetoredeemouralmost-lostmanhood?

Wherearewetofindtheweaponsofresistance?

Ibelievethatthequestionofconformity,inthelongrun,answersitself.Ithinkthatiftherewasapossibility,once,ofayesorno——ifatonetimehumanscoulddecide“wemustconform”or“wemustnot”——thatpossibilityhasbeenlostinthelongreachesofevolution,farbackalongthecorridorsofTime.Thesimpletruthisthatwecannotconform.Builtintoman,isaninstinct.Ihavechosentocallitthe“instinctofrebellion”,sinceitrevealsitselfasadriveorurgetowardmasteryovereveryobstacle,naturalorman-made,thatstandsasabarrierbetweenmanandhisdistant,perhapsnever-to-be-achievedbutalwaysstrivenaftergoals.Itisthisinstinctthatunderwriteshissurvival,thisinstinctfromwhichhederiveshisnature:

agreatandpowerfuldynamicthatmakeshimwhatheis——restless,seeking,curious,foreverunsatisfied,eternallystragglingandeventuallyvictorious.Becauseoftheinstinctofrebellionmanhasneverbeencontentwiththelimitsofhisbody;ithasledhimtoextendhissensesalmostinfinitely,sothathisfingersnowprobespace,hiseyesmagnifythenucleiofatoms,andhisearsdetectwhispersfromthebottomsofseas.Becauseoftheinstinctofrebellionmanhasneverbeencontentwiththelimitsofhismind;ithasledhimtoinquirethesecretsoftheuniverse,togatherandlearnandmanipulatethefabulousinventoryofthecosmos,toseektheverymysteriesofcreation.Manisarebel.Heiscommittedbyhisbiologynottoconform,andhereinliestheparamountreasonfortheawfultensionheexperiencestodayinrelationtoSociety.Unlikeothercreamofearth,mancannotsubmit,cannotsurrenderhisbirthrightofprotest,forrebellionisoneofhisessentialdimensions.Hecannotdenyitandremainman.Inordertolivehemustrebel.Onlytotalannihilationofhumanityasaspeciescaneliminatethisin-builtnecessity.Onlywiththedeathofthelastmanwilltherevoltthatistheessenceofhisnaturealsodie.TEXTIFirstreadthequestions.35.Accordingtothecensusprediction,theaveragemaleAmericanswillbeexpectedtoliveupto___yearsofageby2050.A.73.3B.75.1C.81.3D.83.636.Crimeexpertspredictthatinthenearfuturecrimerateswillfirstdecreasein___.A.SouthandSouthwestB.NorthandNortheastC.SouthwestandMidwestD.NortheastandMidwestNowgothroughTEXTIquicklytoanswerquestions35&36.Ifpastisprologue,thenitoughttobepossibletodrawsomemodestconclusionsaboutthefuturefromthewealthofdataaboutAmerica’spresent.Willtheratecontinuetofall?

Willsingle-personhouseholdsactuallyswampthetraditionalfamily?

Allprojections,ofcourse,mustbeviewedwithahealthydoseofskepticism.Nonetheless,theurgetomakesenseofwhatliesaheadisinescapable.Afterthe1980census,theCensusBureaudecidedforthefirsttimetoventuresomeforecastsofitsownforthedecadestocome.WorkingfromwhatAmericaalreadyknowsaboutitself,thebureau’sexpertsandotherdemographersofferanirresistible,ifclouded,crystalballamongtheirvisions.Accordingtothecensusprojections,femalelifeexpectancywillincreasefrom78.3yearsin1981to81.3intheyear2005.ThelifeexpectancyofAmericanmenwillgrowfrom70.7forbabiesbornin1981to73.3yearsin2005.Andbytheyear2050,womenwillhavealifeexpectancyof83.6yearsandmenofatleast75.1.Annualpopulationgrowthwillslowtoalmostnothingby2050.Infact,theCensusBureaupredictsthattherateofnaturalincreasewillbenegativeafter2035;onlycontinuingimmigrationwillkeepitgrowingafterthat.Thetotalpopulationwillbe268millionin2000and309million—anall-timehigh—in2050.Afterthat,itwillstarttodecline.TheAmericanpopulationwillgrowsteadilyolder.From11.4percentin1981,theproportionofthepopulationthatis65andoverwillgrowto13.1percentin2000and21.7percentin2050.Thepercentageofthepopulationthatlivesbeyondtheageof85willmerethanquintupleoverthesameperiod.Meanwhilethemedianage—30.3in1981—willriseto36.3by2000and41.650yearslater.Whenitcomestothequalityoflife,moreprognosticatorsarefairlycautious.JohnHopkinssociologistAndrewCherlinobservesthat“asweenterthe1980s,thepaceofchangeappearstohaveslowed.”Forthenextfewdecades,hepredicts,theremaybeonlymodestswingsinthemarriage,birthanddivorcerates—givingsocietytimetoadjusttothenewpatternsthathaveformedinrecentyears.“Weareinaplateauinourfamilypatternsthatwilllikelylastawhile,”Cherlinmaintains.CrimeexpertAlfredBlumstein,whoforeseesadropincrimeoverthecomingdecade,predictsthattheNortheastandMidwest,withstablebutagingpopulations,willseethefallofffirst;fortheSouthandSouthwest,withtheirlargeproportionsofyoungerpeople,theimprovementwillcomelessquickly.TEXTJFirstreadthequestions.37.TheformaldiplomaticrelationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateswereestablishedon___.A.February28,1972B.January28,1979C.December16,1978D.January1,197938.TheFivePrinciplesfortheestablishmentofanewtypeofSino-USrelationshipwereputforwardbyChinesePresidentJiangZeminin___.A.SeattleB.JakartaC.ManilaD.NewYorkNowgothroughTEXTJquicklytoanswerquestions37&38.ThefollowingisalistofsomeofthemajoreventsinSino-USrelationsfromFebruary1972toMay1998.February21—28,1972:

TheUSPresidentRichardNixonpaidanofficialvisittoChina,duringwhichaSino-USjointcommuniquewasissuedinShanghai.May1,1973:

TheliaisonofficessetupbyChinaandtheUSineachother’scapitalstartedfunctioning.December16,1978:

ChinaandtheUSissuedajointcommuniquewhichcalledfortheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesonJanuary1,1979.January1,1979:

ChinaandtheUSformallyestablisheddiplomaticties.January28—February5,1979:

ThenChinesevice-PremierDengXiaopingpaidanofficialvisittotheUS,duringwhichtwoagreementsweresignedonscientific,technologicalandculturalco-operationbetweenthetwocountries.August17,1982:

TheChineseandtheUSgovernmentsissuedajointcommuniqueunderwhichtheUSpromisedtograduallyreduceitssalesofweaponstoTaiwanuntilthecompletesettlementoftheproblem.April26—May1,1984:

ThenUSPresidentRonaldReaganvisitedChina,duringwhichthetwocountriessignedfouragreementsonavoidingdouble-taxationandtaxevasionandinitiatedanagreementonco-operationo