高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版选修7.docx
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高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版选修7
核心词汇梳理并重点训练
选修7
Unit1Livingwell
disability,adapt,annoy,resign,congratulate,access,inotherwords,outofbreath,usedtodo
1.disabilityn.伤残;无力;无能
disablev.使丧失能力,使伤残→disability
ablen.(因疾病而)无能
unableadj.不能的→inabilityn.无能
enablev.使能够;使可能
disabledadj.丧失能力的;有残疾的;无能力的
thedisabled残疾人;伤残者
eg:
Shemanagerstoleadanormallifeinspiteofherdisabilities.
Ourabilitytothinkandspeakseparatesusfromothermammals.
ChinesepremierWenJiabaolitthecauldron(圣火盆)andannouncedthebeginningoftherelay,sparkingagranddisplayoftraditionalChinesedancebydisabledartists.
辨析disable/unable:
disable是及物动词,意为“使…不能;使……伤残”,常用于被动式。
unable是形容词,意为“不能”,后可接带to的不定式。
2.adaptvt.使适应;改编
adaptto…适应…
adapt…to…使…适应或适合…
adaptoneselfto使自己适应或者习惯于…
adapt…from…根据…改写(改编)
adapt…for…改编/改作…之用
adaptableadj.能适应的;可修改的
adaptationn.适应;改编;改写本
eg:
Thechildrenarefindingithardtoadapttotheirnewschool.
Thecar’sfuelsystemwasadaptedtotakeunleadedgas.
I’msureshe’llcopewiththechangesverywell—she’sveryadaptable.
3.annoyvt.使…不悦;惹恼
beannoyedwithsb对某人生气
beannoyedat/aboutsth因某事生气
beannoyedby…被…惹恼
annoyancen.恼怒;烦恼
annoyingadj.恼人的;烦人的
annoyedadj.感到恼火的;觉得生气的
eg:
Itreallyannoysmewhenpeopleforgettosaythankyou.
Iwasreallyannoyedwithhimatthattime.
Everyoneisannoyedbytheamountoftrafficinthecity.
I’mannoyedthathedidn’tshowupwhenhesaidhewouldcome.
辨析annoy/bother/disturb/trouble:
annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心,多指一时的打扰或恼怒。
bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
disturb较正式用词,多用于被动语态。
指扰乱,使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼。
trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
4.resignvt.&vi.辞职;辞去(工作、职位等);放弃
resignfrom辞去…职务
resignassth辞职
resignsbto托付给;屈从于
resignoneselfto…听任摆布;甘心忍受…;只好
resignationn.辞职;辞呈
handinone’sresignation递交辞呈
eg:
MrSmithresignedfromtheunionlastyear.
Iwon’tresigntohiswill.
Sheresignedherselftoherfate.
Hisfatherwillhandinhisresignation.
5.congratulatevt.祝贺;庆祝
sth
congratulatesbon就…向某人祝贺
doingsth
congratulationn.祝贺;恭喜
congratulationstosbonsth祝贺某人某事
辨析congratulate/celebrate:
congratulate意为“祝贺、道贺”,一般用人作宾语,若要表明所祝贺的事情,后面要on(upon)连接,构成congratulatesbon(upon)sth。
celebrate意思是举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝“,一般用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语,构成celebratesth。
eg:
Shewascongratulatedonwhatshehadachieved.
Wearecongratulatingourselvesonournarrowescape.
Theywillcelebrateyourbirthdaynextweek.
6.accessn.(接近的)方法;通路;可接近性
have/get/obtain/gainaccessto…拥有…的机会;可以接近;进入
giveaccessto接近;准许进入
accessibleadj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
beaccessibleto…可接近的;可靠近的;可使用的
辨析access(to)/approach(to):
accessto(…的)通路
(接近或进入某地的)方法
(使用某物或接近某人的)权利或机会
approachto(…的)通路
(解决一特定问题的方法,尤其是经过深思熟虑的)方法
(对…的)态度
eg:
Accesstothegardenisthroughthekitchen.
Amanagershouldbeaccessibletohisstaff.
Theislandisaccessibleonlybyboat.
Theapproachtothehousewasanarrowpath.
7.inotherwords换句话说
wordcamethat…有消息传来说…
inaword总之;简言之
wordforword逐字地
keepone’sword遵守诺言
breakone’sword失信;不守诺言
haveawordwith…与…谈一谈
havewordswith…与…拌嘴、吵架
eatone’swords承认说错了话
eg:
IsoonfoundthattheworkIwasdoinghadbeendonebyotherpeople—inotherwords,I’mwastingmytime.
Inaword,wemusttryourbesttodothework.
Pleasebelieveme.I’llkeepmyword.
8.outofbreath上气不接下气
holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸
loseone’sbreath喘不过气来
outofsight看不见
outofcontrol失控
outofdate过期
outoforder出毛病
outofwork失业
outofpatience不能忍受
outofquestion没问题;无疑;毫无疑问
outofthequestion不可能的;办不到的
eg:
Afterclimbingthatlongflightofstairsshewascompletelyoutofbreath.
TheFordwentoutofcontrolandcrashedoverthecliff.
Outofoffice,outofdanger.
9.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.
短语
意义及用法
usedtodo
表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,但现在已不再发生或存在,后接动词原形。
beusedto
(doing)sth
习惯于,be有多种时态,可用get或become替换。
beusedtodo
“被用来做某事”。
use为及物动词,表示“使用”,是被动结构。
eg:
Thereusedtobeabusstoponthatcorner.
I’mnotusedtolivinghere.
Coalcanbeusedtoproducepower.
练习:
1.Ashisdiseasehashim,Hawkinghastositinhiswheelchairandspeakthroughacomputer.
A.disabledB.unabledC.abledD.enabled
2.Hegetsapensionfromthegovernmentbecauseofhisinafireaccident.
A.disabled;disabilityB.disability;disability
C.disability;disabledD.disability;disabilities
用适当的介词填空(3—5)
3.Theplayisadaptedanovel.
4.Thisbookisadaptedbeginners.
5.Whenyougotoanewcountry,youmustadaptyourself
newcustoms.
改错(6—9)
6.It’sannoyedtomissatrain.
7.Hewasannoyedwiththeboy’srudeness.
8.Ifeltannoyingwhenherefusedtohelpme.
9.Tohisannoy,hediscoveredtheyhadleft.
10.Wehadtofate,seeingthatwecoulddonothingtohelpourselves.
A.resignourselvestoB.buryourselvesto
C.applyourselvestoD.devoteourselvesto
11.Theyhavemadeaveryprettyjobofit.Ithinktheydeservetobe.
A.celebratedB.graduated
C.congratulatedD.bragged
12.Youcaneasilyget(接近他).
13.Heiseasyof(接近).
14.Aparkshouldbeaplacewhichis(易进入的)thepublic.
15.Sheisorganized,friendlytopeople,hardworkingandclever.,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofher.
A.InotherwordsB.Inaword
C.AsaresultD.Inaddition
16.Havinglivedinthetownforquiteafewyears,MrJohnnolongerfeltamongthelocalpeople.
A.outoforderB.outofplace
C.outofcontrolD.outofthequestion
17.I’musedtointhehousewhichtokeepbooksandmagazines.
A.living;usedB.live;wasused
C.live;usedD.living;wasused
18.IfoundthejobtiringatfirstbutIsoon(习惯了).
19.I(过去抽烟),butIgaveupacoupleofyearsago.
Unit2Robots
desire,alarm,favour,accompany,declare,turnaround,leave…alone,setaside,eventhough/if
1.desiren.渴望;欲望;渴求
vt.希望得到;想要
todosth迫切想要做某事
haveastrongdesire
forsth急于想得到某物
dosthatone’sdesire应某人要求做某事
desiretodosth渴望做某事
desiresbtodosth想要某人做某事
desirethat…渴望…(从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形虚拟语气形式)
eg:
Herlife-lingdesireoflivinginthecountrywasatlastrealized.
Hehasastrongdesireforsuccess/tosucceed.
Wealwaysdesiretoliveinpeacewithourneighbors.
MydesireisthatIshouldcometoChinaagainsoon.
辨析desire/long/wish:
desire属正式用语,可代替wish和want,强调主观愿望的热切性,含有“强烈希望做某事”之意。
如Ihavelongdesiredtomeetthem.
long意为“渴望;极想”,常构成longtodosth(极想做某事)或longforsth(渴望某物)。
如TheShenzhouⅦspaceshiphascomebacksuccessfully.I’mlongingtoseeitinperson.
wish的语气比desire弱,一般用于难以实现或不可能实现的愿望。
如IwishtheworldcouldescapetheWallStreetstorm.
2.alarmn.警报;惊恐
vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动
soundthealarm发出警报
take(the)alarmat…对…感到吃惊;因…而惊恐
bealarmedat/for…被…吓一跳
bealarmedtodo…做…感到恐慌
eg:
Herpalefacealarmedhermother.
HecrossedtheriverandsoundedthealarmtothesoldiersbeforetheGermansarrived.
Thevillagerswerealarmedjustintimetoescapetheflood.
3.favourn.喜爱;恩惠;帮忙;优惠
vt.喜爱;偏袒(=favor)
askafavorofsb求人帮一个忙,求人做某事
doafavorforsb帮某人一个忙;给某人做件事
bein(outof)favor(with)受宠(失宠);得到(不受)偏爱
infavorof赞成;主张
inone’sfavor对某人有利
eg:
MayIaskafavorofyou?
Washeinfavorofthedeathpenalty?
DomeafavorandturntheradiodownwhileI’monthephone,willyou?
4.accompanyvt.陪伴;伴奏;附有;配有
accompanysth/with(by)sth…与…同时存在或发生
accompanysbat/onsth用…给某人伴奏
accompanysbto…陪某人到…
beaccompaniedby…由…伴奏
accompanistn.伴奏者
companyn.陪伴;交往;公司;商号
keepsbcompany陪伴某人
companionn.同伴,伙伴
注:
accompany作动词时的准确含义为“陪同…去(gowith…)”,本身包含了go的含义,因而不能再与go连用。
eg:
Thewell-knownsingerwasaccompaniedatthepianobyMrWang.
Strongwindsaccompaniedheavyrain.
Imustaskyoutoaccompanymetothepolicestation.
I’llstayhereandkeepyoucompany.
5.declarevt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称
declaresb/sthtobe宣布某人或某事
declarefor/against表示赞成/反对…
declarewar(on/against)(向…)宣战
declareoneself发表意见;表明态度
declareoff取消
declarethat…宣告;宣称
declarationn.宣布;声明;宣言
辨析declare/announce:
declare指在庄严场合,官方权威人士公开郑重宣布,有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。
如Thegovernmentdeclaredwaronthedrugdealers.
announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布,常指大家感兴趣的事,如国家大使和商品信息等。
如Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.
eg:
Theaccusedmanwasdeclared(tobe)innocentbythecourt.
Whentheyaskedhimforhisopinion,hedeclaredstronglyagainstthepolicy.
Britaindeclaredwaron/againstGermanyonSeptember3rd,1939.
6.turnaround转向;回转
turnaround=turnround转过去;转身
turnagainst背叛;和…敌对
turnaway把…打发走
turndown减弱;降低;压低(声音、力量等)
turnon打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)
turnoff关(电灯、收音机等)
turnto向…求助;翻到;转到
turnover考虑;思索;翻过来
turnup把声音开大;出现;来临;露面
turnout出席;到场;生产;出产;(常与to,be,that连用)结果是,证明是
eg:
Turnaroundandletmelookatyourback.
Shehasnobodytoturnto.
Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn’tevenbothertoturnup.
Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasturneddownbecauseofpoorhealth.
7.leave…alone不管;别惹;让…一个人待着;和…单独在一起
leavebehind比…取得好得多的进展;把…抛在后面;超过
leaveaside搁置一边
leavefor…动身到…
leaveoff停止
leaveout省略;遗漏
leaveover留下;剩下
eg:
Pleaseleavemypersonalaffairsalone.
Thelightsofthecityweresoonleftbehind.
Itwascarelessofhimtoleaveoutanimportantdetail.
8.setaside将…放在一边;为…节省或保留(钱或时间)
setaboutdoing着手做某事
setback把(钟表指针)往回拨
setdown(指车辆或司机)停下来让(乘客)下车;记下;放下
setoff出发;动身;起程;使…爆炸
setout出发;摆放;陈述或宣布;开始做某事
setup摆放或竖起某物;使…准备使用
eg:
Shesetasideherbookandlitacigarette.
Whydon’tyousetyourideasdownonpaper?
Dobecarefulwiththosefireworks;theslightestsparkcouldsetthemoff.
Policesetuproad-blocksonroutesleadingoutofthecity.
9.ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever,hewouldhavetoberebuilt—youcannot