高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事一练习.docx

高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事一练习.docx

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高中英语阅读理解第三部分名人故事一练习

2019-2020年高中英语阅读理解第三部分名人故事

（一）练习

在世界科学史上，有这样一位科学家：

他不仅把自己的毕生精力全部贡献给了科学事业，而且还在身后留下遗嘱，把自己的遗产全部捐献给科学事业，用以奖掖后人，向科学的高峰努力攀登。

今天，以他的名字命名的科学奖，已经成为举世瞩目的最高科学大奖。

他的名字和人类在科学探索中取得的成就一道，永远地留在了人类社会发展的文明史册上。

这位伟大的科学家，就是世人皆知的瑞典化学家、诺贝尔奖的创立人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔。

诺贝尔奖颁发给在物理，化学，医学，文学，和平和经济六个领域中成就最突出的人。

Somenameshavebeefamousbecausetheyarealwaysconnectedwithimportantthings.OneofthesenamesisthatofAlfredNobel,whofoundedthefamousNobelPrizes.

NobelwasborninSwedenin1833.Hebecameanengineerandaninventor.Hewasparticularlyinterestedinexplosives.Thesewereverydangerousinthosedays,andNobel'sownbrotherwaskilledinanexplosionintheirfactory.

In1867,Nobelinventeddynamite.Thiswasaverypowerfulexplosive,butunliketheothersitwassafetohandle.TheinventionmadeNobelaverywealthyman.

However,hewasneverparticularlyhappy.Herealizedthathisinventionwasbeingusedforwarlikepurposes,andthatthousandsandperhapshundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerebeingkilledandinjuredinwarswithhisexplosives.

Whenhediedin1896,heleftover3millionpoundstobespentsettingupfiveprizeseachyear.Theseprizesweretobegiventopeoplewhohadmadeoutstandingcontributionstopeace,toscience,andtoliterature.Originallytherewerefiverewards:

literature,physics,chemistry,medicineandpeace.Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixty-sevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.

TheseNobelPrizesbecamefamousandbecauseofthemwestillrememberthenameofNobel.

prehensionQuestions:

A.itislesspowerfulandsafetohandle.

B.itismorepowerfulbutlesssafetohandle.

C.itisbothpowerfulandsafe.

D.itwon'tkillpeople.

4.Richashewas,AlfredNobelwasneverparticularlyhappybecause______

A.hisdynamitewasnotsafeenough.

B.hisexplosiveswerebeingusedinwars.

C.hisbrotherwaskilledbytheexplosivesinventedbyhim.

D.hehadkilledhundredsofthousandsofpeoplewithexplosives.

5.Thosewhohadmadeoutstandingcontributionstopeace,toscienceandtoliterature______

A.couldgetthreemillionpounds.

B.weregivenfiveprizeseachyear.

C.couldseeAlfredNobelhimself.

D.couldreceiveNobelPrizes.

（CACBD）

AboutGeorgeWashington

将军和下士—乔治•华盛顿的故事

乔治·华盛顿，美国首任总统（1789～1797），美国独立战争大陆军总司令。

1789年，当选为美国第一任总统，因对美国独立作出了重大贡献，被尊为美国国父。

他有一句关于自由的名言：

“由于剑是维护我们自由的最后手段，一旦这些自由得到确立，就应该首先将它放在一旁。

”下面这篇小故事通过一件平凡事，反映了一个伟人的博大胸襟。

GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.ItwashewholedthearmiesduringthelongwarthatbroughttheAmericanpeopleindependenceandmadeAmericaafreecountry.Hewasagreatman,notonlyingreatthings,butalsoinlittleones.Hewasnevertoogreattodoakindness.Hewasnevertoohightostooptothosewhowerelowerthanheandinneedofhelp.

ThenWashingtonranup,andwithhisstrongarmsgavethemthehelptheysomuchneeded.Thebiglogwasliftedonthebreastwork,andthemenlookedtheirthanksatthestrangerwhohadbeensokind.

“Whydon’tyoutakeholdandhelpyourmen?

”Washingtonaskedthecorporal.

“Whydon’tI?

Don’tyouseethatIamthecorporal?

”

“Oh,indeed,”saidWashington,asheunbuttonedhisovercoat,andshowedtheuniformwhichhewore.“Well,Iamthegeneral,andthenexttimeyouhavealogtooheavyforyourmentolift,sendforme!

”

YoucanimaginehowthelittlecorporalfeltwhenhesawitwasGeneralWashingtonwhowasstandingbeforehim.Itwasagoodlessonforhim,andtherearelittlemenstilllivingwhomaylearnagoodlessonfromthestory.

prehensionQuestions:

1.______hewasagreatman,GeorgeWashingtonwasreadytodoakindness.

A.BecauseB.ThoughC.IfD.Aslongas

2.Atfirstthecorporalandthesoldiersdidnotknow______

A.whowasthegeneral.B.whowasWashington.

C.whatthegeneralwas.D.themanwasWashington.

3.Thecorporalwas______

A.toolittletodotheheavyjob.

B.tooweaktohelphismen.

C.sogreatthathecouldnotdosuchasmallthing.

D.feelinghewassuchanofficerthathewasashamedofgivinghelp.

4.Thelittlecorporalfeltvery______whenheknewitwasGeneralWashingtonwhowasstandingbeforehim.

A.gladB.proudC.sorryD.crazy

5.Whendoyouthinkthestorymostprobablytookplace?

______

A.DuringtheWarofIndependence.

B.DuringtheCivilWar.

C.DuringWorldWarI.

D.DuringWorldWarII.

（BDDCA）

生产力的发展作出了杰出贡献。

他改良了蒸汽机、发明了气压表、汽动锤。

后人为了纪念他，将功率的单位称为瓦特，常用符号“W”表示。

Peoplehadknownaboutsteampowerforhundredsofyears,buttheydidnotknowhowtoapplyittomachines.About300yearsago,someminingengineersdiscoveredthattheycouldusesteampowertoforcewateroutofdeepmines.Thishelpedminersdigdeeperthanever.Butlittlemorewasdonewithsteampoweruntiloneman,JamesWatt,discoveredhowtomakesteamturnawheel.

Whenhewasaboy,JamesWatt'sparentshadscoldedhimforplayingwithmechanicalthings.Therewerefewplicatedmachinesthen.Andalmostnobodycouldmakealivingbyfixingthem.SoWatt'sparentsthoughtthatfoolingaroundwithmachineswasawasteoftime.ButsomeoneaskedWatttorepairasteamcoalminepump.Wattfixedthepumpandhebegantobuildmodelsofotherpumps.

OnceWatthadbuilthisfirststeamengine,steampowerwasusedtodomanythings.Machineswerebuiltthatcouldweave,spin,grindflour,driveaboatoratrain,andevenmakeothermachines.Nearlyanythingthatneededpushingorturningcouldbepoweredbysteam.Within50yearsofWatt'sinvention,steamengineswereproducingandtransportingthingsinwaysthatwereimpossiblewithmuscle,wind,orwaterpower.

prehensionQuestions:

1.JamesWattwasthefirstpersonwho______

A.appliedsteamtomachines.

B.discoveredsteampowercouldbeusedtoforcewateroutofdeepmines.

C.helpedminerstodigdeeperthanever.

D.discoveredhowtomakesteamturnawheel.

2.Steampowerwasnotusedtoturnawheeluntil______

A.threehundredyearsago.

B.someminingengineersdiscoveredhowtoforcewateroutofdeepmines.

C.JamesWattwasborn.

D.JamesWattfoundoutthewayofdoingso.

5.Nearlyhalfacenturyhadpassed______

A.sinceJamesWatt'ssteamengineswereusedwidely.

B.untilJamesWatthadinventedhissteamengines.

C.beforesteamenginescouldbeusedtoproduceandtransportthings.

D.andsteamenginesweredoingthingsthatwereimpossibletobedoneinthepast.

（DDACD）

4.Galileo,FamousItalianAstronomer

伽利略—意大利著名天文学家

伽利略·伽利雷（1564～1642）是意大利文艺复兴后期伟大的意大利天文学家、力学家、哲学家、物理学家和数学家。

也是近代实验物理学的开拓者，被誉为“近代科学之父”。

传说1590年，出生在比萨城的意大利物理学家伽利略，曾在比萨斜塔上做自由落体实验，将两个重量不同的球体从相同的高度同时扔下，结果两个铅球同时落地，由此发现了自由落体定律，推翻了此前亚里士多德认为的重的物体会先到达地面。

Galileo（1564-1642）wasanItalianphysicistandastronomer.HewasborninParis,wherehestudiedmedicineandlaterbecameprofessorofmathematics.Duringthisperiodhemadetwoimportantdiscoveries.Thefirstwasthatapendulumalwayswingsatthesametime.Thesecondwasthatbodiesofdifferentweightsfallwiththesamespeed.HemadetheseconddiscoverybymakinganexperimentfromtheleaningtowerofPisa.

Galileowasoneofthefirstmentolookattheskiesthroughatelescope.Hediscoveredthatthemoonhasmountainsandvalleys,thattheMilkyWayismadeupofinnumerablestars,andthatJupiterhasfourlargesatellites.Hediscoveredsunspotsandnoticedthattheymoveacrossthesurfaceofthesun.

In1632GalileowascondemnedbytheInquisitionbecause,likeCopernicus,hehadstatedthattheearthtraveledroundthesun.TheChurch'sviewthenwasthattheearthwasthecenteroftheUniverse.GalileowastriedbytheInquisitionandforcedtosayhewaswrong.Helivedtherestofhislifeunderhousearrest.

prehensionQuestions:

B.themoonhasmountainsandvalleys.

C.sunspotsmoveacrossthesurfaceoftheearth.

D.thereareinnumerablestarsintheMilkyWay.

4.TheInquisitioncondemnedGalileobecause______

A.whathesaidaboutthemovementoftheEarthdidn'tagreewiththeChurch'sview.

B.hesaidthattheEarthwasthecentreoftheUniverse.

C.helikedCopernicus.

D.hewaswrong.

5.Asaresult,Galileo______

A.knewthathewaswrongtosaythattheEarthwasthecentreoftheUniverse.

B.knewthathewaswrongtosaythatthesunwasthecentreoftheUniverse.

C.losthisfreedom.

D.changedhisview.

（DDAAC）

5.Mozart,Well-knownAustrianposer

莫扎特—奥地利著名作曲家

莫扎特，奥地利作曲家，维也纳古典乐派的代表人物。

1756年1月27日生于萨尔茨堡，1791年12月5日卒于维也纳，享年仅35岁。

1762年，6岁的莫扎特在父亲的带领下到慕尼黑、维也纳、普雷斯堡作了一次试验性的巡回演出，获得成功。

莫扎特的短暂一生写出了大量的音乐作品，体裁形式涉及到各个领域，留下了许多不朽的杰作。

MozartWolfgangAmadeus（1756-1791）wasborninSalzburg,Austria.Hehadloveformusicwhenhewasonlythreeandtookdailymusiclessonsfromhisfather,amusicaldirector.Whenhewasfive,hecouldnotonlyplayseveralmusicalinstruments,butalsohadposedanumberofshortpiecesofmusic.Whenhewassevenhewentwithhisfamilyonalongmusictour.Everywherehewent,hewongreatapplauseforhisharpsichord,organandviolinplaying.Fromtheageof13,hebegantogiveconcerts.

In1781,hemovedtoVienna,wherehemetHaydnandtheybecamegreatfriends.Thisfriendshipprovedtobeimportanttobothmen,eachlearningagreatdealfromtheother.Bothposedtheirbestmusicduringthe10yearsoftheirfriendship,whichendedonlyatMozart’searlydeath.

prehensionQuestions:

1.Mozartwasbornin______

A.arichfamily.B.apoorfamily.

C.amusicalfamily.D.abigfamily.

2.Mozartwaswarmlyweledeverywherehewentbecause______

A.hewasverysmall.

B.hehadposedanumberofshortpiecesofmusic.

C.hisfatherwasawell-knownmusicaldirector.

D.hewasverygoodatplayingseveralmusicalinstruments.

3.IfMozarthadn’tmadefriendswit