药学英语上册汇总.docx

药学英语上册汇总.docx

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药学英语上册汇总

UnitOneTextAIntroductiontoPhysiology

buildingblock

connectivetissue

epithelialtissue

anabolism

catabolism

deoxyribonucleicacid

glucose

glycogen

gonad

homeostasis

matrix

nitrogen

osmolality

osmoreceptor

potassium

trachea

bronchi

plasmamembrane

bloodclotting

glialcell

atria

ventricle

cardiovascularsystem

respiratorysystem

gastrointestinaltract

urinarytract

reproductivesystem

endocrine

feces

glucagon

ganglia

embryo

bodyfluid

fertilizedegg

课文中句子（英译汉）:

1.Itisconcernedwithhowanorganismperformsitsvariedactivities;howitfeeds,howitadaptstochangingcircumstances,howitspawnsnewgenerations.

2.Althoughsomeprocessesaresimilaracrossthewholespectrumofbiology-thereplicationofthegeneticcodeforexample-manyarespecifictoparticulargroupsoforganisms.

3.Althoughtherehavebeenmanyimportantphysiologicalinvestigationsonhumanvolunteers,theneedforprecisecontrolovertheexperimentalconditionshasmeantthatmuchofourpresentphysiologicalknowledgehasbeenderivedfromstudiesonotheranimalssuchasfrogs,rabbits,cats,anddogs.

4.Theheartconsistsoffourchambers,twoatriaandtwoventricles,whichformapairofpumpsarrangedsidebyside.Therightventriclespumpsdeoxygenatedbloodtothelungswhereitabsorbsoxygenfromtheair,whiletheleftventriclepumpsoxygenatedbloodreturningfromthelungstotherestofbodytosupplythetissues.

5.Thecarbondioxideproducedbytherespiratoryactivityofthetissuesiscarriedtothelungsbythebloodinthepulmonaryarterywhereitisexcretedintheexpiredair.

6.Thisactivitydependsonelectricalsignalswhich,inturn,dependontheconcentrationofsodiumandpotassiumionsintheextracellularandintracellularfluids.Ifthereisanexcessofpotassiumintheextracellularfluid,thecardiacmusclecellsbecometooexcitableandmaycontractatinappropriatetimesratherthaninacoordinatedmanner.

7.Ifthebodytissuesarebeingbuiltup,asisthecaseforgrowingchildren,pregnantwomenandathletesintheearlystagesoftraining,thedailyintakeofproteinisgreaterthanthenormalbodyturnoverandtheindividualisinpositivenitrogenbalance.

8.Anegativefeedbackloopisacontrolsystemthatacttomaintainthelevelofsomevariableswithinagivenrangefollowingadisturbance.Afeedbacklooprequiresasensorofsomekindthatrespondstothevariableinquestionbutnottootherphysiologicalvariables.Thusanosmoreceptorshouldrespondtochangesinosmolalityofthebodyfluidsbutnottochangesinbodytemperatureorbloodpressure.

9.Thebodyisactuallyasocialorderofabout100trillioncellsorganizedintodifferentfunctionalstructure,someofwhicharecalledorgans.Eachfunctionalstructurecontributesitssharetothemaintenanceofhomeostasisconditionsintheextracellularfluid,whichiscalledtheinternalenvironment.Aslongasnormalconditionsaremaintainedinthisinternalenvironment,thecellsofthebodycontinuetoliveandfunctionproperly.

课后汉译英：

1.我们每天摄入的食物必须满足需要，任何多余的东西必须排出体外才能维持平衡。

2.人类细胞有将大分子分解成小分子的能力，从而为自身活动释放足够的能量。

UnitThreeTextBTheothersideofantibiotics

personalexperience

ointment

mumps

measles

fungi

chemotherapy

antimicrobialagent

staphylococcus

erythromycin

bactericidalagent

bacteriostaticagent

para-aminosalicylicacid

isoniazid

asepticmeasure

prevalence

anaphylacticreaction

tetracycline

chloramphenicol

mastitis

precaution

diarrhea

anal

cross-infection

super-infection

streptomycin

complications

tuberculosis

long-rangevalue

cure-alls

narrow-spectrum

broad-spectrum

currentlyavailablemedicine

antibiotics

anaphylacticreaction

acquiredresistance

allergy

dosageform

课文句子：

1.Antibioticshaveeliminatedorcontrolledsomanyinfectiousdiseasesthatvirtuallyeveryonehasbenefitedfromtheiruseatonetimeoranother.Evenwithoutsuchpersonalexperience,however,onewouldhavetobeisolatedindeedtobeunawareofthevirtues,realandspeculative,ofthese“miracle”drugs.TheAmericanpress,radioandtelevisionhavedoneagoodjobofreportingthetrulyremarkablestoryofsuccessesinthechemicalwarongerms.

2.Anaphylacticreactionhappenslessfrequentlyandislessseverewhentheantibioticsisgivenbymouth.Itismostapttooccurinpeoplewithahistoryofallergy,orarecordofsensitivitytopenicillin.Otheruntowardreactionstoantibioticsaregastrointestinaldisorders—suchassoremouth,cramps,diarrheaoranalitch—whichoccurmostfrequentlyafteruseofthetetracyclinegroupbuthavealsobeenencounteredafteruseofpenicillinandstreptomycin.Thesereactionsmayresultfromsuppressionbytheantibioticofbacterianormallyfoundinthegastrointestinaltract.Withtheircompetitionremoved,antibiotic-resistantstaphylococciorfungi,whichalsoarenormallypresent,arefreetoflourishandcausewhatiscalledasuper-infection.Suchinfectioncanbeextremelydifficulttocure.

课后汉译英：

2.制药工业在探索和开发新药的同时还要对抗现有抗生素不断增长的微生物耐药性，这将是一条漫长的道路。

3.应该大力鼓励医生、制药业以及公众态度的改变。

必须将抗生素视为一种应被谨慎使用并且仅在真正必需时才使用的宝贵资源。

UnitFourTextBAdversedrugreactions

etiology

atopy

benoxaprofen

dexfenfluramine

digoxin

felbamate

fenfluramine

herbicide

impotence

intracranial

lethargy

mandatory

neonate

nephropathy

neuroleptic

pathophysiology

polymorphism

temafloxacin

tranquillizer

troglitazone

warfarin

课文句子：

1.TypeAreactions,whichconstitutethegreatmajorityofadversedrugreactions,areusuallyaconsequenceofthedrug’smainpharmacologicaleffect（e.g.bleedingfromwarfarin）oralowherapeuticindex（e.g.nauseafromdigoxin）,andtheyarethereforepredictable.

2.Suchreactionsareusuallyduetoincorrectdosage（toomuchortoolong）,fortheindividualpatientortodisorderedpharmacokinetics,usuallyimpaireddrugelimination.Theterm“side-effects”isoftenappliedtominortypeAreactions.

3.TheunderlyingpathophysiologyoftypeBreactionsispoorlyifatallunderstood,andoftenhasageneticorimmunologicalbasis.

4.Exposuretodrugsinthepopulationisthussubstantial,andtheincidenceofadversereactionsmustbeviewedinthiscontext.

5.Itwoulddetectrarebutsevereadversedrugreactions,butwouldnotbeoverwhelmedbycommonones,theincidenceofwhichwouldquantifytogetherwithpredisposingfactors.

6.Theproblemofadversedrugreactionrecognitionismuchgreaterifthereactionresemblesspontaneousdiseaseinthepopulation,suchthatphysicianareunlikelytoattributethereactiontodrugexposure.

课后汉译英：

1.从临床来看，大多数药物的不良反应属于A型不良反应，它主要是由药物的主要药理作用或者低治疗指数引起的。

2.无法从药物的主要药理作用预期到、与药物剂量无关、较严重且死亡率高的不良反应叫做B型不良反应。

UnitFiveTextACombinatorialchemistryandnewdrugs

trillion

pathogen

polystyrene

pharmacopoeia

trialanderror

remedy

alkaloid

steroid

neurotransmitter

endocrinehormone

sulphonamide

hydrophobic

hydrophilic

课文句子：

1.Tofightdisease,theimmunesystemgeneratesproteinsknownasantibodiesthatbindtoinvadingorganism

2.Theytypicallybeginbylookingforsignsofadesiredactivityinalmostanythingtheycanfind,suchasdiversecollectionsofsyntheticcompoundsorofchemicalsderivedfrombacteria,plantsorothernaturalsources.

3.Byperformingdozensorsometimeshundredsofreactionsatthesametimeandthentestingtoseewhethertheresultingpeptideswouldbindtotheparticularantibodyofinterest,herapidlyfoundtheactivepeptidesfromalargeuniverseofpossiblemolecule.

4.Chemistsoftenstartacombinatorialsynthesisbyattachingthefirstsetofbuildingblockstoinert,microscopicbeadsmadeofpolystyrene（oftenreferredtoassolidsupport）.

5.Thetradeoff,however,isthatkeepingtrackofsuchlargenumberofcompoundsandthentestingthemforbiologicalactivity,canbecomequitecomplicated.

6.Scientistscanpulloutfromthemixturethebeadsthatbearbiologicallyactivemoleculesandthen,usingsensitivedetectiontechniques,determinethemolecularmakeupofthecompoundattached.

UnitSevenTextABiopharmaceutics

Administer

Aqueous

Arterial

Bioavailability

Capillary

Circulation

Dissolution

Dynamic

Endothelium

Gelatin

Hepatic

Intramuscular

Intravenous

Mesenteric

Permeation

Peroral

Plasma

Portal

Prodrug

Stability

Suspension

Venous

Equilibrium

Assay

Elimination

Absorption

dosageform

gastrointestinalbarrier

hepaticportalcirculation

课文句子：

1.Inthecaseofsystemicallyactingdrug（i.e.drugsthatreachthesesitesviathesystemiccirculation），itisgenerallyacceptedforclinicalpurposesthatadynamicequilibriumexistsbetweentheconcentrationofdrugatitssite（s）ofactionandtheconcentrationofdruginbloodplasma.

2.Strictlyspeaking,theconcentrationofdruginplasmawater（i.e.protein-freeplasma）isamoreaccurateindexofdrugconcentrationatthesite（s）ofactionthantheconcentrationofdruginwholeplasmasinceadrugmayoftenbindinareversiblemannertoplasmaprotein.

3.Onlydrugwhichisunbound（i.e.dissolvedinplasmawater）canpassoutoftheplasmathroughthecapillaryendotheliumandreachotherbodyfluidsandtissuesandhenceitssite（s）ofaction.Drugconcentrationinwholebloodisalsonotconsideredtobeanaccurateindirectindexoftheconcentrationofdrugatitssite（s）ofactionsincedrugcanbindtoandenterbloodcells.

4.Ithasbeenassumedthattheplasmadrugconcentrationisdirectlyproportionaltotheclinicaleffectofthatdrug.

5.Apartfromtheintravenousroutofdrugadministration,whereadrugisintroduceddirectlyintothebloodcirculation,allotherroutsofadministeringsystemicallyactingdrugsinvolvetheabsorptionofdrugfromtheplaceofadministrationintotheblood.

6.Thefractionofanadministereddoseofdrugthatr