AmericanCultureMicrosoftWord文档.docx
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AmericanCultureMicrosoftWord文档
AmericanGeography(地理)
QuestionsandAnswersontheText
1.HowmanystatesdidtheoriginalUnionconsistofatthetimeofitsIndependence?
Itconsistedofthirteenstates.
2.WherewerethefirstthirteenstatesoftheUnitedStatesmainlylocated?
Theyweremainlyalongtheeasternseaboard.
3.HowmanycontinentalstatesarethereintheUS?
Thereareforty-eightcontinentalstates.
4.WhichstatesaregeographicallyseparatedfromtheAmericancontinent?
HawaiiandAlaska.
5.WhichoceanisHawaiiin?
ItisinthePacificOcean.
6.HowmanytimezonesarethereintheUnitedStates?
Therearefour.
7.Whichwasthe"mothercountry"?
TheUKwasconsideredasthemothercountryoftheoriginalthirteencoloniesinNorthAmerica.
8.HowmanypeopleintheUSareengagedinagricultureandforestry?
Lessthanatenthofthepeopleareengagedinagricultureandforestry.
9.WhydoesManhattanIslandincludeeverythingthatmostpeoplethinkofwhentheysay"NewYork"?
BecausefamousplaceslikeWallStreet,FifthAvenue,Broadway,theEmpireStateBuilding,RockefellerCentre,CentralPark,Harlemandsoonareonthisisland.
10.FromwhichtwostateswastheterritoryofWashington,D.C.taken?
FromthestatesofMarylandandVirginia.
11.WhomisWashington,D.C.namedafter?
ItisnamedafterGeorgeWashingtonandChristopherColumbus.
12.Whichmountainsareonthewestofthecentralplainarea?
TheRockyMountains.
13.WhichcityisthehomeofFord,GeneralMotorsandChrysler?
Detroit,Michigan.
14.Whichstateisthelargestintermsofarea?
Alaska.
15.Whichstatewasfamousforcowboysandcattleandisfamousfortherapiddevelopmentofoilandindustry?
Texas.
16.WhereisHollywoodlocated?
ItislocatedinCalifornia.
17.HowmanymajorpartsistheUnitedStatescontinentdividedinto?
Itisdividedintosixmajorparts:
NewEngland,theMid-Atlanticarea,theSouth,theMid-West,theGreatPlainsstates,andtheWesternandthePacificcoaststates.
Explanations
1.ThegeographicalcharacteristicsoftheUnitedStates
(1)Vastarea:
TheUnitedStatesisbiggerinareathanthewholeofEurope,spreadingfromthePacificcoasttotheAtlanticcoast.
(2)Diversityoflandfeatures:
TheUnitedStatescomprehendslandfeatureslikeforest,desert,swamp,mountains,plainsandoneoftheworld'slargestriversystems.
2.NewEngland
(1)NewEnglandreferstothenorth-easternsixstates:
Maine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Connecticut,MassachusettsandRhodeIsland,anarearunningfromtheCanadianshoretoNewYork.
(2)ThisarearesemblesoldEnglandinmanyways.(3)SomeoftheearliestsettlementinAmericanhistorywasinthisarea.(4)Ingeneral,thispartofthecountryissmall-scale,long-establishedandurban.
3.NewYorkCity
(1)ItisthecommercialcapitaloftheUnitedStates.
(2)ItisatthesouthernmosttipoftheNewYorkState.(3)Itiscomposedoffiveboroughs:
Manhattan,Brooklyn,theBronx,RichmondandQueen's,withManhattanIslandasitscenter.(4)Itiswell-knownforsuchplacesasWallStreet,theEmpireStateBuilding,HarlemandCentralPark.
4.ManhattanIsland
(1)Itisatsouth-eastpartofNewYorkCity.
(2)ItisthecentreoftheCityandincludesthingsthatarefamoustotheworld:
WallStreet,FifthAvenue,Broadway,theEmpireStateBuilding,RockefellerCentre,theUnitedNationsBuilding,CentralPark,Harlemandmon.
5.thesearchfortheCaliforniadream
(1)Californiaisblessedwithattractivesceneryandmildclimate.
(2)Ithasthefertilelandforthegrowingoforangesandgrapes.(3)Andmoreimportantstillaretheelectronicsindustry,aeroplanefactories,defenceplantsofmanykinds,andawholenewindustrialcomplexinthisarea.(4)Therefore,Californiaisregardedasthepromisedlandbymanypeopletofulfilltheirgoals.
6.Hollywood
(1)Hollywood,aplacefamousforitsfilmindustry,isinCalifornia.
(2)ItisanimportantinstitutionforconveyingimagesandmythsaboutAmericatoeverycorneroftheworld.
AmericanHistory(历史)
QuestionsandAnswersontheText
1.Accordingtotheauthor,whofirstsailedtoNorthAmerica?
Aroundtheyear1000,agroupofIcelandicVikingsunderLeifEricsonfirstlandedonNorthAmerica.
2.WhatledtoColumbus'discoveryofAmerica?
Theneedforincreasedtradeandanerrorinnavigation.
3.WhowasChristopherColumbus?
HewasamarinerfromItalywhovoyagedtoNorthAmerica.
4.WhendidColumbussetsail?
In1492.
5.WhofinancedColumbus'voyage?
ThekingandqueenofSpain.
6.WheredidColumbusaimtoreachandwheredidheactuallyreach?
HeaimedtoreachtheFarEastbutlandedononeoftheBahamaIslandsintheCaribbeanSea.
7.WhereandwhenwasthefirstEnglishcolonyfounded?
AtJamestown,Virginia,in1607.
8.WhofinancedthisfirstEnglishsettlement?
ALondoncompanywhichexpectedtomakeaprofitfromthesettlement.
9.WhoestablishedseveralsettlementsinNewEngland?
EnglishPuritans.
10.WhendidthePilgrimscrosstheAtlanticintheshipMayflower?
In1620
11.WheredidthesePilgrimssettle?
TheysettledatPlymouth,Massachusetts.
12.Whoappointedmanyofthecolonialgovernors?
TheEnglishking.
13.WhenandwheredidtheFirstContinentalCongressmeet?
InSeptember1774,Philadelphia.
14.WhenandwheredidthefirstshotoftheAmericanWarofIndependencefire?
OnApril19,1775,atthevillageofLexington.
15.WhodraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence?
ThomasJeffersonofVirginia.
16.WhowastheBritishkingwhencolonialAmericansdeclaredtheirindependence?
KingGeorgeⅢ.
17.WhichforeignpowerwasonthesideofAmericancolonistsduringtheWarofIndependence?
France.
18.BeforetheacceptanceoftheConstitution,whatgovernedthe15states?
TheArticlesofConfederation.
19.WhenwastheConstitutionaccepted?
In1788.
20.WhowasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates?
GeorgeWashington.
21.WhospokeagainsttheoperationoftheAlienandSeditionActs?
VirginialawyerandauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence,ThomasJefferson.
22.HowdidThomasJeffersongetLouisianaterritory?
HeboughtitfromFrancefor$15million.
23.InwhichcasedidChiefJusticeJohnMarshallaffirmtheSupremeCourt'sauthorityininterpretingtheConstitution?
Inthe1803caseofMarburyV.Madison.
24.AfterLincolnwontheelection,whichstatefirstvotedtoleavetheUnion?
SouthCarolina.
25.WhatdidLincolnissueonJanuary1,1863?
HeissuedtheEmancipationProclamation.
26.WhenwasslaverylegallyabolishedintheUnitedStates?
Itwaslegallyabolishedbythe13thAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.
27.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwerethetwogoalsoftheAmericanCivilWar?
ThefirstwastoassuretheintegrityoftheUnitedStatesasanindivisiblenation;andthesecondwastoabolishthesystemofslavery.
28.WhowastheowneroftheStandardOilCompany?
JohnD.Rockefeller.
29.WhowasAndrewCarnegie?
HehadbeenapoorScottishimmigranttoAmericabutlaterbuiltavastempireofsteelmillsandironmines.
30.WhatwasLouisSullivan'scontributiontothecitiesoftheworld?
Hedevelopedtheskyscraper.
31.Whostartedthe"NewFreedom"programinearly20thcentury?
PresidentWoodrowWilson.
32.WhowasAttorneyGeneralatthetimeofthe"RedScare"inAmericanhistory?
A.MitchellPalmer.
33.Whatwasthe"HarlemRenaissance"inAmericanhistory?
Itwasafloweringofblackliteratureinthe1920s.
34.Whohadintroducedtheassemblylineintoautomobileproductioninthe1920s?
HenryFord.
35.WhendidAmericansconfronttheworsteconomiccrisisofmoderntimes?
From1929toearly1930s.
36.Whatwere"firesidechats"?
TheywereaseriesoffriendlyradiobroadcastsinwhichPresidentRooseveltsittingatthefireside,explainedhispoliciestothepublic.
37.Accordingtotheauthor,whatfinallybroughtfullrecoverytoUSeconomyinthe1930s?
ItwasthedefensebuilduppriortoAmerica'senteringtheSecondWorldWar.
Explanations
1.ChristopherColumbus
(1)Hewasa15th-centurymarinerfromItalywhobelievedthathecouldreachtheFarEastbysailingwestfromEurope.
(2)In1492,hepersuadedthekingandqueenofSpaintofinancehisvoyagetotheEast.(3)InsteadofreachingAsia,helandedononeoftheBahamaIslandsintheCaribbeanSeaandexploredmostoftheCaribbeanarea.(4)Afterhisdiscovery,EuropeansbegantoexploreandcolonizetheNewWorld.
2.thePilgrims
(1)InEngland,therehadbeenagroupofpeoplecalledPuritanswhohadbrokenawayfromtheChurchofEnglandandformedtheirownchurches.LatertheyfledtoHollandtoescapethepersecutionintheirnativeland.
(2)Severalyearspassedwhentheywereagainthreatenedbyreligioussuppression,theythoughtofmoving,andthistimetoAmerica.(3)TheybegantocallthemselvesPilgrimsbecauseoftheirwanderingsinsearchofreligiousfreedom.(4)In1620,theycrossedtheAtlanticintheshipMayflowerandsettledatPlymouth,Massachusetts.
3.theAmericanWarofIndependence
(1)AfterBritishparliamentpassedtheIntolerableActs,tensionswereagaincreatedbetweencolonistsandBritishgovernment.
(2)OnApril19,1775,thefirstshotwasfiredatLexingtonandtheAmericanWarofIndependencebegan.(3)InMay1775,theSecondContinentalCongressmetinPhiladelphiaandbegantoassumethefunctionsofanationalgovernment.ItfoundedaContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonanddeclaredindependenceonJuly4,1776.(4)In1781,BritishGeneralCornwallissurrenderedatYork-town,VirginiaandsoonBritishgovernmentaskedforpeace.(5)TheTreatyofParis,sig