牛津沪教版英语八年级上册 Unit6 基础知识学案.docx
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牛津沪教版英语八年级上册Unit6基础知识学案
八年级上Unit6基础知识梳理
一.上节回顾
作业讲评
二、本节内容
Words&expressions&sentences.
1.【比较】takeplace与happen
(1)takeplace表示“发生,举行,举办”的意思,一般用于非偶然性发生的事件,即事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排,如:
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears.
(2)Happen作“发生,碰巧”解,一般用于偶然性或突发性事件,如:
Maybesomethingunexpectedhappened.
2.【比较】except与besides
except表示“除……之外”,有排他的含义;而besides表示“除……还有……”,有附加的含义。
试比较:
HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday.
TheyallgetupearlybesidesJohn.
3.【比较】exceptfor与except
exceptfor表示“除开”的部分与其他事物通常不是同类,而except则为同类事物。
试比较:
Thisarticleiseasytounderstandexceptforsomeidiomaticexpressions.
Exceptthisone,theotherarticlesareeasytounderstand.
【提示】介词but也可意为“除……之外”,与except一样有排他的含义。
but后可接带to的动词不定式做宾语。
但是,当句中的主要动词是属于todo一类动词时,则but后面用不带to的不定式,可用这样的口诀记忆“介词but前若有do,后面不定式不带to;介词but前没有do,后面的不定式要带to”,如:
Icouldn’tdoanythingbutsitthereandhope.
Thenithadnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
4.【比较】believe与trust
(1)trust多用来表示“相信某人的品德、为人和能力等”,和in连用时意为“深信其可靠性”。
如:
Wehavealwaystrustedhim.
Doyoutrustinthemaninblueoverthere?
(2)believe侧重于“相信某人说的话”,后接in时表示“信仰,信奉”,如:
Don’tbelievewhattheboysays.
Theybelieveintruth
5.【拓展】offer作动词的用法较多,简单举例如下:
(1)意为“(主动)拿给,给予”相当于give,后可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接双宾语:
Theyoungmanofferedanoldmanhisownseatonthebus.
(2)意为“提出,表示”
Johnsonofferedanewsuggestion.
(3)意为“主动提出做某事”,后接不定式
Heofferedtodriveustotheairport
(4)意为“出售,出价”
Offersomethingforsomemoney.
6.【比较】maybe和maybe
maybe是由情态动词may和系动词be组成,属短语动词,意为“可能是”,通常放在句中作谓语:
Youmayberight.
maybe是一个副词,意为“大概,可能”,在句中作状语,通常放在句首:
Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpocket.
7.runoutof用完,耗尽
berunningoutof即将用完,耗尽
beshortof缺乏
beoutof表示不再拥有……的状态
8.allover(space)=in/toeverypartof(space)
9.jump跳(普通常用词)
hop单脚跳,(鸟,蛙等动物)跳跃
leap跳过,跃过(文学用词)
10.laughtern.笑声(不可数名词)
laughvi.笑n.笑,笑声(可数名词)
laughat嘲笑
11.friendlyadj.(=kind)友好的
befriendlyto…对……友好
friendn.朋友
makefriendswith…和……交朋友
friendshipn.友谊
12.dosb.afavour帮某人的忙;答应某人的请求
13.sound(可用于各类)声音
voice(特指)嗓音
noise(特指令人不舒服的)噪音
14.关注几对同音词:
piece/peacesteel/stealstory/storey
15.becloseto离……近
16.getoutof从……出去
e.g.Theangryfatheraskedhissontogetoutoftheroom.那位生气的父亲叫他儿子滚出去。
【例题】根据汉语提示完成句子。
JimSmith_____________(从……出来)thelifteverymorningandwalkstothebusstop.
【解析】everymorning表示时间的经常性,用于一般现在时,主语为单数,谓语动词用其单数形式,所以正确答案填getsoutof。
【答案】getsoutof
17.begintodosth.开始做某事
18.inpeace处于和平
19.inpieces变成碎片
20.turnourbloodtoice使我们毛骨悚然
21.looklike看上去像
22.Inthecliffthereweredoors-eachtwostoreyshigh!
只见悬崖上有些门,每扇都有两层楼高。
=Inthecliffthereweretwo-storey-highdoors.
two-storey-high这类合成的形容词一般用作定语修饰名词,不用作表语。
e.g.Maryisatwelve-year-oldgirl.=Maryistwelveyearsold.玛丽是一个12岁的女孩。
【友情提示】当数词与单位名词一起用作定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
e.g.atwo-hourplan一个2小时的计划
athree-foot-highdesk一张3英尺高的课桌
400-metrerace400米跑
23.…itistruethatwearealiens,……我们的确是外星人。
这是一个很常见也非常重要的一个句型,其句式为:
it+形容词/名词+that引导的句子。
在此句中it充当形式主语,此句的真正主语为thatwearealiens。
e.g.Itisnodoubtthatheisourfriendratherthanourenemy.毫无疑问,他是我们的朋友而非敌人。
Itisimportantthatweshouldpayattentiontoourmistakes.我们应该注意我们所犯的错误,这很重要。
24.Tomorrow,you'llbethelastonetodie.明天,你会是最后一个死的。
thelastonetodie中todie是不定式作定语,修饰thelastone,解释为“最后一个死的”。
e.g.Maryisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.玛莉经常第一个到最后一个走。
ThisisagoodchancetopracticeyourEnglish.这是你练习英语的好机会。
【友情提示】作定语的不定式与被它修饰的名词或代词之间常存在主谓或动宾关系,而其中表示动作发生的地点、使用的工具时,不定式后常加一个介词。
e.g.Wehaven'tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.我们还没啊决定待在哪一家宾馆。
I'mhungry;givemesomethingtoeat.我很饿,给我一些东西吃。
【知识拓展】不定式在句中的作用
①作主语,但为了保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语。
e.g.Todanceisalotoffun.=Itisalotoffuntodance.跳舞非常有趣。
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.=ItisnoteasyformetospeakEnglish.说英语对我来说并不容易。
②作表语
e.g.Mydreamistobeateacher.我的梦想是成为一名老师。
Thebestplanistoleavehereatonce.最好的计划就是马上离开这儿。
③作宾语
e.g.Hewantedtobuyacomputer.他想买一台电脑。
Shelikestoplayfootball.她喜欢踢足球。
④作宾语补足语
e.g.Sheaskedmetospeakmoreloudly.她要求我再大声点儿说。
Lucytoldhimnottocry.露西告诉他不要哭了。
⑤作状语
e.g.Tomcametoseemelastnight.昨天晚上汤姆来看我。
Iamgladtoseeyou.很高兴见到你。
【技能提高练】
I.Readandchoosethebestanswer.
()1.Haveyoueverseensuchabigdoor--?
A.two-storeys-highB.two-storeies-high
C.twostoreyshighD.two-storey-highs
()2.Wehavewater.Sowemustfindwaterinthisdesertassoonaspossible.
A.boughtB.takenoutofC.lookedforD.runoutof
()3.Ipromisedthatyouwouldbethelastone.
A.dieB.diedC.deadD.todie
()4.Ihavegotusefulbook,andbookcostsmealot.
A.an;theB.a;theC.a;aD.an;a
()5.Thereasportsmeetinginourschoolintwodays.
A.willbeB.willhaveC.willhavebeD.isgoingtohave
【Keys】1-5CDDBA
II.Rewritethesentencesasrequired.
1.Tomhadtoreadmanybooksyesterdaymorning.(改为一般疑问句)
____________Tomtoreadbooksyesterdaymorning?
2.IamgoingtovisittheSpaceMuseumtomorrowafternoon.(对划线部分提问)
_______________________yougoingtovisittheSpaceMuseum?
3.Mygrandparentsbroughtmesomefreshfruit.(改为否定句)
Mygrandparents_________________________me___________freshfruit.
4.Themonsterlookedfierce.(对划线部分提问)
____________didthemonsterlook____________?
5.Yourideaisnotsimilartomine.(保持原句意思)
Yourideais_________________________mine.
6.Wewillhaveafootballmatchinfifteenminutes.(对划线部分提问)
________________________willyouhaveafootballmatch?
【Keys】1.Did;have;many2.Whenare3.didn'tbring;any4.What;like5.differentfrom6.Howsoon
三、课堂练习
Ⅲ.Choosetherightsentencesandcompletethedialogue.
A.IwasborninBeijing,actually
B.That'strue
C.Sometimesitrainsveryheavily
D.ButitseldomrainsinAutumn
E.That'sright
A:
DoesShanghairainalotinsummerthere?
B:
Oh,yes!
1HowabouthereinBeijing?
A:
There'salotofraininsummer.2.
B:
Ifeelit'sratherdryhere.
A:
3Manypeoplefromthesouthdon'tliketheweatherhere.
B:
Areyoufromthesouth?
A:
No,I'mfromthenorth.4
B:
Isee.Sothisisyourhometown.
A:
5.
1.2.3.4.___________5.__________
【Keys】1-5CDBAE
【综合运用练】
I.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage.
"Nessie(尼斯湖水怪)"isoneofthemostfamousmonstersintheworld.NooneknowswhatNessiereallyis.Noonehasevenproved(证明)thatNessieexists.
Peoplesaythatithasalongneckandsmallhead.Itisabouttwenty-fivefeetlonganddarkincolour.
NessieissaidtoliveinLochNess,inScotland.LochNessis1lakeinGreatBritain.Thewaterneverfreezesandtherearemanykindsoffish.Perhapsthereisenoughfood2amonster.
TherehavebeentalesabouttheLochNessmonster3hundredsofyears.In1934,somefactswereaddedtothestories.ApictureoftheLochNessshowedsomethinginitthathadalongneckandasmallhead.
In1972,apicturetakenunderwatershowedsomethingintheshapeofafin(鳍).In1975,4picturesweretaken.Theseshowedaheadandabody5alongneckandfins.
ManypeoplehavetriedtoseeNessie.Theyhaveusedcameras,andsonars(声波定位仪).Doyouthinkitreallyexists?
()1.A.deeperB.deepC.thedeepestD.themostdeep
()2.A.forfeedB.tofeedingC.feedD.tofeed
()3.A.forB.sinceC.inD.at
()4.A.anotherB.othersC.otherD.theothers
()5.A.withB.ofC.inD.at
【Keys】1-5CDACA
Ⅱ.Choosethebestanswer.
InChina,moreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsaregettingshortersleepingtimethanbefore.Moststudentssleeplessthanninehourseverynight,becausetheyhavemuchhomeworktodo.Somehomeworkisgivenbytheirteachers,andsomebytheirparents.Also,somestudentsdon'tknowhowtosavetime.Theyarenotattentiveenoughwhiletheydotheirhomework,soittakesthemalotoftime.SomestudentsspendtoomuchtimewatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.Theystayupverylate.Somestudentshavetogetupearlyeverymorningonweekdaystogettoschoolontimebybusorbybike.Itcanbealongwayfromhometoschool.
Schoolsandparentsshouldcutdownsomeofthehomeworksothatourchildrencanenjoymorethanninehoursofsleepeverynightfortheirhealth.Forchildren,weshouldmakebestuseofourtime.Whenwehaveenoughtimeforsleeping,wewillfinditmuchbetterforbothourstudyandhealth.
()1.MoreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsarenowgettingmoretimetosleepinChinathanbefore,aren'tthey?
A.Yes,theyaren't.B.No,theyare.
C.Yes,theyare.D.No,theyaren't.
()2.Whatmakesmoststudentssleeplessthanninehourseverynight?
A.WatchingTV.B.Playingcomputergames.
C.Doingtheirhomework.D.Doingthehousework.
()3.Whoelsegiveschildrensomehomeworktodoexcepttheirteachers?
A.Theirparents.B.Otherstudents.
C.Thechildrenthemselves.D.Nobodyelse.
()4.Howmanyhoursofsleepisgoodforstudents'health?
A.Lessthan9hours.B.Over9hours.
C.Only9hours.D.8hours.
()5.Whatwouldhappentoastudentwhooftengoestobedlateandgetsupearly?
A.Hewouldfallasleepinclass.B.Hewoulddowellinstudy.
C.Hewouldfinishhishomeworkfast.D.Hewouldhaveagoodhealth.
【Keys】l-5DCABA
Ⅲ.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwords.
Ifyouwanttob1somethingontheInternet,youneedacreditcard.YouhavetotypeyourcreditcardnumberandinformationonthewebsiteandsendittothestoreovertheInternet.Youhavetobes2thatthestorewillnotuseyourinformationinthewrongway.Ofcourse,youalwayshavetobecarefulwithyourcreditcardnumber,becausepeoplesometimess3creditcardnumbersfromstoresandrestaurants.
Forpeoplewho