MagooshGRE单词记忆 co词缀高级词.docx

MagooshGRE单词记忆 co词缀高级词.docx

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MagooshGRE单词记忆co词缀高级词

GREVocabularyWednesday:

WordstokeepyouCo-mpany

Thereissuchaprofusionof‘c’wordsintheGRElexiconthatIcouldnotmakeupmymindwhichtochoose.So,Ihadtonarrowthescopebyaddinganotherletter:

‘o’.Eventhen,therearesomany‘co-‘wordsthatitwasn’teasy!

Below,arealistofwordsthatbeginwith‘co’-,somecommon（collusionandconcomitant）andsomenotsocommon（cognoscentiandcoterie）.

Collusion

Thiswordmightevokesmashingglass,butwearenottalkingaboutacollision.Collusionmeanscollaboration,usuallyforsomedeviousend.Agoodsynonymforcollusionisconspiracy.TheGRE,however,won’tusecollusion—andit’sverbformcollude—inthefollowingsense:

Thecriminalscolludedintryingtotakedownthegovernment.

Thisisofcourseaperfectlyacceptableusage.However,theGREtendstoemploythewordinamoreacademiccontext:

Concomitant

Thingsareusuallycloselytiedtogether,sothatisdifficultforonethingtohappenwithoutanothercloselyfollowing.Forinstance,whenyougetacoldthereisoftenanaccompanyingheadache.Or,ifyouareusingMagoosh,oftentimestheremaybeaccompanyingwebbrowsing,asyoumightcheck—especiallyafteralongpassage—thenewsoryouremail.Theaccompanyingheadacheandthewebbrowsingcanbesaidtobeconcomitant:

theyaccompany—butdonotnecessarilycause—somethingelse.

Concomitantwiththeincreaseincrimehasbeenadropinthenumberofpeoplewhowalkoutsideatnight.

Coterie

Haveanoddhobby?

Don’twanttofeelalone?

Well,youcanlookonlineandfindpeoplewhosharethissameinterest.NowyoucanspendFridayeveningswithothersreading,say,Chaucer.Inotherwords,younowhaveamedievalreadingcoterie.Acoterie—asmallgroupwithsimilarinterestsorbackgrounds—doesn’thavetorelatetosomeesoterichobby.Forinstance,asanewparent,I’vefoundthatmycoteriehascometoconsistofothernewparents.Iguesstherearefewbetterwaystobondthansharingdiaperhorrorstories.

Cognoscenti

Anythingfromgolftogardeningtherearethosewho’vecultivatedadeepinterestandknowledgeofthesubject.Wecallthesepeoplecognoscenti（collectively）,orcognoscente（ifwearereferringtojustone）. Allofushavesomefieldinwhichwedevelopedaninterest.Now,insteadofcallingyourselfanexpert,youcanthinkofyourselfascognoscente.

Corollary

Acorollaryisanaturalconsequenceofsomething.AsacorollaryofGREprep,you’veprobablydevelopedaprettyimpressivevocabulary.OthercorollariesofpreppingfortheGREincludeincreasedattentionspan,facilitywithnumbers,and,onthenegativeside,eyestrain.

GREVocabWednesday:

AdvancedGREWords

MuchoftheGRErequiresyoutoknowhowtouserelativelystraightforwardwordsindense,convolutedsentences.ThenthereistheotherpartoftheGREinwhichthesentencesareevenmoreconvoluted,andthewordsmuchmoredifficult.Thatisnottosaythatthewordsbelowwouldn’tshowupinthefirstverbalsection—whichismedium—thoughyouaremorelikelytoseetheminthedifficultsection.

Probity

Nope,probitydoesnotmeanprobably.Itactuallymeanshonesty.Ifsomeoneisknownforhisorherprobity,thatpersonhashighmoralstandardsandcanbetrusted.

Vitiate

Justfromthesoundofthiswordyouknowitcan’tbegood.Vitiate—whichispronounced“VISH-i-ate”—doesn’tmeanvicious.Itmeanstocorruptorlessentheeffectivenessofsomething.SomewouldarguethatpartisanpoliticshasvitiatedthehealthyfunctioningoftheU.S.government.Manywouldarguethatbadwritingultimatelyvitiatesalotoftelevisionseriesthatcometorelyonincreasinglyimplausibleplotturnsastheirseasonslumberon.

Aplomb

Thiswordsoundslike“aplum”–thoughyoucan’tpickitfromatree.Ifyouarecoolunderpressure,notlettingevenatryingsituationruffleyourfeathers,youhandlelife’slemonswithaplomb.Aracecardrivertakingaturnat120km/hr（70mph）betterhaveaaplomborhe’llgrabthewheelinfrightandgospinningofftheroad.Andtestday,whenyougetalongreadingpassagethatseemsinscrutableatfirstglance,youwillhandleitwithaplomb,breathingdeeplyandrememberingyourreadingcomprehensionstrategies 

Subterfuge

Atsomepoint,wehavealltriedtoevadedetectionorpulledsomeelaboraterusetogetwhatwewant.Suchbehaviorcanaccuratelybedescribedassubterfuge.Maybeyouarehavingasurprisebirthdayforyoursignificantother.Inothertonotletthecatoutofthebirthdaybag,youhavetoengageinsubterfuge:

youmuststallandmakeupexcusesforwhyyouarenotdrivinghomesooner,andyoumustmakeupfakeplanswithpeople,alljusttomakesurethatthemomentofsurpriseiscompletelyunexpected.Thisexampleisoneofbenignsubterfuge;oftentimesapersonengagesinsubterfugeforsomenefariousend.

Clandestine

Clandestineissimilartosubterfuge.Itdoesnotdescribedissemblingforapurposeasmuchasitdescribesthesecretivenessinvolvedinsomeillicitactivity.Duringthereignofcommunismmanycitizenshadtohaveclandestinemeetingslesttheauthoritieswouldinevitablyconcludethatanymeetingofmorethantwopeoplewasasignofsedition.Atthattime,ontheothersideoftheironcurtain,theUnitedStatesC.I.Ahadaclandestineservicesbranch,whichwasinvolvedinspying.TheclandestinebranchoftheC.I.A.isstilintact,soifyouwanttobeaspy,youknowwheretoapply.

Captious

Receivingconstructivecriticismisgreat—itcanhelpyoubecomebetteratwhateveritisyouaretryingtolearn.Somebodywhoiscaptious,ontheotherhand,isonlyouttofindfault.Acaptiousinstructorwillcriticizeeverylittlethingyoudo.

GREVocabWednesday:

ScienceWords

Don’tworry!

I’mnotgoingtothrowmitochondria,parallax,orspectroscopyatyou.WordsthatareonlyusedinascientificcontextandhavenotacquiredamoregeneralmeaninghavenoplaceonGREVocab Wednesday. Thewordsbelow—whileoriginallyfromscience—alsohaveamoregeneralmeaningthatyouneedtoknowfortheGRE.

Cathartic

Acatharticisanythingthatfunctionsasalaxative（inotherwords,amedicinethathelpsyoupurgeyourbowels）.I’msurethiswouldmakeforquiteacolorfulTextCompletion,buttheonlydefinitionofcathartictheGREwilltestisanythingthatcleansesorpurifiesyou.Aweekcampinginthemountainscanbecathartic,asitclearsbothyourheadandyourlungs.Sharinganxietiesandstressinyourlifewithaclosefriendareallcathartic.Thenounform catharsis isalsoanimportantGREword.

Caustic

Everspill“chemical-ly”stuffonyourskin?

Maybecleaningfluid,disinfectantorthelike?

Well,thereasonsuchfluidstingsistheliquidiscorrosiveandburns.Anotherword,inthiscontext,forcorrosiveiscaustic.Causticcanalsodescribeanycommentthatisreallynastyandsarcastic.Acausticremark,figurativelyspeaking,islikelytogetunderyourskin.

Empirical

Empiricalhasnothingtodowithempire,butisactuallyderivedfromaGreekwordmeaningexperience.Anythingthatyoucanexperienceorobservefallsundertherealmoftheempirical.Thatwhichisempiricalisoppositetothatwhichistheoretical.

Forinstance,ifIsaytheorizeabouthowstudentspreparefortheGRE,Icancomeupwithmanylikelyscenarios（theyusebooks,theyuseMagoosh!

theywalkintothetestcoldturkey）butallofthisisconjectureunlessIfindsomewaytomeasurehowstudentsactuallywentaboutpreparingfortheexam.IfETS,ontheotherhand,collectsthisdatabyaskingeachapplicanthowheorshepreparedfortheexam,thenwewillhaveanumericalbreakdownofhowstudentswentaboutpreppingforthetest.Thiswayofgatheringinformationisempirical.

Paradigm

Howaspecificfieldofstudyviewstheworldiscalledaparadigm.Before,Einsteintheprevailingparadigminsciencedidnotaccountforthebendingoftime.AfterEinsteintheparadigmshiftedtoaquantumworld,inwhichaparticleisboththereandnotthere,dependingontheobserver.

Theaboveshowsthatparadigmschange（orshift,asthephilosopherofscienceThomasKuhn,theorizedinthe1960’s,aninsightthatitselfledtoaparadigmshift）.Oneshift—inasense—isthatparadigmcanalsomeananymodelorgeneralpattern,adefinitionthatisequallylikelytobetested.

Scintillating

Whenphotonsandparticlesarebouncedoffeachothertheyscintillate,oremitabriefspark.Somehowthisbriefsparksparkedtheconnectionthatwhenpeopleareengagedinahighlyfascinatingtalk,theirconversationgivesoffsparks.Conversationisn’ttheonlythingthatcanbescintillating;brilliantpeople,especiallywhentheyaretalkingathighspeedsaboutreconditesubjects（suchasphotonsandsparks）arescintillating.

GREVocabularyWednesday:

“G”Words

NotefromMargarette:

We’readaylatethisweek,sorry!

Soit’stechnicallyaVocabThursday

.Also,itisChrisLele’sbirthdaytoday!

Therearen’ttoomanyGREwordsthatbeginwith‘G’.Beyondgarrulousandgregarious,weoftentimeshavedifficultthinkingofanyothers.Nonetheless,therearestillsomehigh-frequency‘G’REwords.

Gratuitous

Iknowwhatyou’reprobablythinking:

Thisrelatestotherestaurantbill.Andthat’sjustwhattheGREwantsyoutothink.Gratuitous,however,hasnothingtodowithgratuity—orthetipyoupayonarestaurantbill.Gratuitousmeansuncalledforgiventhesituation.Ifyouarehangingoutwithyourfriends,andyousuddenlystartdroppingGREwordsintotheconversation,theywillprobablyfindthatgratuitous.Orifsomebodyfornogoodreason（maybejustsotheycansoundcool）,hisorherprofanityisgratuitous.

Gambit

Gambitsoundslike“gamble”,andindeedthereisanelement