大学英语四级考试真题.docx
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大学英语四级考试真题
2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题
PartIWriting(30minutes)
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TheMagician
TherevolutionthatSteveJobsledisonlyjustbeginning
Whenitcametoputtingonashow,nobodyelseinthecomputerindustry,oranyotherindustryforthatmatter,couldmatchSteveJobs.Hisproductlaunches,atwhichhewouldstandaloneonablackstageandproduceasifbymagican“incredible”newelectronicgadget(小器具)infrontofanamazedcrowd,weretheperformancesofamastershowman.Allcomputersdoisfetchandworkwithnumbers,heonceexplained,butdoitfastenoughand“theresultsappeartobemagic”.MrJobs,whodiedrecentlyaged56,spenthislifepackagingthatmagicintoelegantlydesigned,easy-to-useproducts.
Thereactiontohisdeath,withpeopleleavingcandlesandflowersoutsideApplestoresandpoliticianssingingpraisesontheinternet,isproofthatMrJobshadbecomesomethingmuchmoresignificantthanjustaclevermoney-maker.Hestoodoutinthreeways-asatechnologist,asacorporate(公司的)leaderandassomebodywhowasabletomakepeoplelovewhathadpreviouslybeenimpersonal,functionalgadgets.Strangely,itisthislastqualitythatmayhavethedeepesteffectonthewaypeoplelive.Theeraofpersonaltechnologyisinmanywaysjustbeginning.
Asatechnologist,MrJobswasdifferentbecausehewasnotanengineer-andthatwashisgreatstrength.Insteadhewaskeenlyinterestedinproductdesignandaesthetics(美学),andinmakingadvancedtechnologysimpletouse.Herepeatedlytookanexistingbuthalf-formedidea-themouse-drivencomputer,thedigitalmusicplayer,thesmartphone,thetabletcomputer(平板电脑)-andshowedtherestoftheindustryhowtodoitproperly.Rivalfirmscompetedwitheachothertofollowwhereheled.Intheprocesshebroughtaboutgreatchangesincomputing,music,telecomsandthenewsbusinessthatwerepainfulforexistingfirmsbutwelcomedbymillionsofconsumers.
Withinthewiderbusinessworld,amanwholikedtoseehimselfasahippy(嬉皮士),permanentlyinrevoltagainstbigcompanies,endedupbeinghailedbymanyofthosecorporategiantsasoneofthegreatestchiefexecutivesofhistime.Thatwaspartlyduetohistalents:
showmanship,strategicvision,anastonishingattentiontodetailandadictatorialmanagementstylewhichmanybossesmusthaveenvied.Butmostofallitwastheextraordinarytrajectory(轨迹)ofhislife.Hisfallfromgraceinthe1980s,followedbyhisreturntoApplein1996afteraperiodinthewilderness,isaninspirationtoanybusinesspersonwhosecareerhastakenaturnfortheworse.ThewayinwhichMrJobsrevivedthefailingcompanyhehadco-foundedandturneditintotheworld’sbiggesttechfirm(biggereventhanBillGates’sMicrosoft,thecompanythathadoutsmartedApplesodramaticallyinthe1980s),soundslikesomethingfromaHollywoodmovie.
ButwhatwasperhapsmostastonishingaboutMrJobswastheabsoluteloyaltyhemanagedtoinspireincustomers.ManyAppleusersfeelthemselvestobepartofacommunity,withMrJobsasitsleader.Andtherewasindeedapersonallink.Apple’sproductsweredesignedtoaccordwiththeboss’stastesandtomeethisextremelyhighstandards.EveryiPhoneorMacBookhashisfingerprintsalloverit.Hisgreatachievementwastocombineanemotionalsparkwithcomputertechnology,andmaketheresultingproductfeelpersonal.AndthatiswhatputMrJobsontherightsideofhistory,astechnologicalinnovation(创新)hasmovedintoconsumerelectronicsoverthepastdecade.
Asourspecialreportinthisissue(printedbeforeMrJobs’sdeath)explains,innovationusedtospilloverfrommilitaryandcorporatelaboratoriestotheconsumermarket,butlatelythisprocesshasgoneintoreverse.Manypeople’shomesnowhavemorepowerful,andmoreflexible,devicesthantheirofficesdo;consumergadgetsandonlineservicesaresmarterandeasiertousethanmostcompanies’systems.Familiarconsumerproductsarebeingadoptedbybusinesses,governmentandthearmedforces.Companiesareemployingin-houseversionsofFacebookandcreatingtheirown“appstores”todeliversoftwaretoemployees.Doctorsusetabletcomputersfortheirworkinhospitals.Meanwhile,thenumberofconsumershungryforsuchgadgetscontinuestoswell.Apple’sproductsarenowbeingsnappedupinDelhiandDalianjustasinDublinandDallas.
MrJobshadareputationasacontrolfreak(怪人),andhiscriticscomplainedthattheproductsandsystemshedesignedwereclosedandinflexible,inth