ChapterArticle冠词Word文件下载.docx
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Whenweregardtwothingsasawhole,weusedonlyonearticle:
awatchandchain
aneeldandthread
acupandsaucer
acarriageandfour
arodandline
Givemeaknifeandfork,please.
akingandqueen（一对夫妇）
akingandaqueen（可能是两个国家的，没有关系的两个人）
Isawagentlmanandladywalkingtogether.
Adoctorandnursewereprovideforthem.（当用were时，两个人有合作关系，所以可省略一个冠词，当用was时，就是一个人（医生兼护士）
B.TheuseofArticle
Acatlikesfish.
Thecatlikesfish.
Catslikesfish.
Asleepingfoxcountshensinhisdreams.
Galileoclaimedthathehadinventedthetelescope.
Inwinter,birdsflytothesouth.
Manistheonlycreaturethathasdevelopedthepowerofspeech.
Thesmallshopkeeperisfindinglifeincreasinglydifficult.
Thewiselooktothewiserforadvice.（the+adj可指一类人，其中包括形容词的比较级）
C.
1.Theuseofthedifinitivearticle
Annisinthegarden.（说话人与听话人都知道所指的…）
Pleasepassmethewine.
Hiscarstruckatree;
youcanstillseethemarkonthetree.
2.表方位的名词前用定冠词
Thesunrisesintheeast.
Iamgoingtothesouth.
Iamgoingsouth.
Tothenorthofthetown,thereisalake.
Northofthetown,thereisalake.
3.序数词
1）当在名词前作定语时,前加the:
Thethirdroomismuchbrighterthanthefifth（room）.
Doesourclasscomeoutfirstinthegame?
2）当在V.后作状语时,前不加the:
Therearesixmenintheroom.Oneisblind;
another（orsecond）isadeaf;
athirdisdamb;
afourthislame…theother（最后一个用）
4.
HewasnotinChinainthefifties.
Ithinkhe’ssomewhereinthethirties.
5.强调部位时用the:
Heseizedthechild’scollar.
Heseizedthechildbythecollar.
Thedogbithimintheleg.
Thedoglickedhishand.
Theministerkissed____.
A.theQueen’shand
B.theQueenonthehand
Hekissedhissonontheforehead.
6.定冠词+普通名词,表抽象折概念
Thepenismighterthanthesword.（文胜于武）
Peteristoofondofthebottle.
Hegaveuptheswordfortheplough.（弃甲归田）
Heforgotthejudgeinthefather.
Allthefatherroseinmyheart.
thehead
theheart
thestage
7.形容词最高级前加定冠词
Thatisthedeepestpartoftheriver.
Theriverisdeepestatthispoint.
Sheisthebusiestofthefamily.
Shewasbusiestlastweek.
8.世界上独一无二的东西前用the
thesun
themoon
D.TheOmissionofArticles:
1.Beforeabstractnouns:
（usually）
Chinesehistory
Englishliterature
Jacobisamanofgreatstrength.
Exception
Aknowledgeoflanguageisalwaysuseful.
Afteraswim,shehadarest.
Hespokewithanenthusiasmwhichinspiredallofus.
Hehadanexcitingexperience.（=anadventure）lastnight.
2.beforematerialnouns（usually）
Rawrobberlookslikemilk.
Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.
Sheservedeachofusacoffee.
Shehasbuiltafireinthenextroom.
Whenthesunorthemoonisanthehorizon,itlooksbiggerandmorebeautiful.
Anewmoonishanginghighinthesky.
Look?
Abigredsunisrising.
3.
Hewenttobed.
Hewenttothebed.
Mysonhasgonetoschool.
Hecomestotheschoolsometimestospeaktotheheadmaster.
Wereturnedfromwork/school/market/church.
Theyareatsea.（=inaship,butnotnecessarilyassailors）
Theyareatthesea.（=attheseaside）
Hegoestowork.
Hegoestothework.
beinoffice=holdanofficialposition
beoutofoffice=tobenolongerinpower
4．withoutdifinitearticle:
1）.home,town
2）.church,prison,school,college,university,court,market,hospital
3）.bed,work
（exception:
cathedral,office）
5．withdefinitearticle:
1）.masscommunication:
thenews,theradio,thepress,thenewspaper,thetelevisionetc.
What’sinthepaper（s）/ontheradio/on（the）TVthisevening?
2）.recreationalplaces:
thecinema,thetheatre,theconcert,thepicturesetc.
Mysistergoestothetheatreeverymonth.
3）.Moderntransportandcommunication:
thebus,thetrain,thepost（UK）,themail（US）,theinternet,thetelephoneetc.
6.beforenamesofmeals:
Iwasinvitedtodinner.（=attheirhouse,intheordinaryway）
Iwasinvitedtoadinnergiventowelcomethenewambassdor.
Thedinnergiveninhonourofthequestswasmagnificent.
Shearrivedbeforesupper.
Thesupperwascold.
7.
It’sverycoldinwinter.
Weplayfootballin（the）winter.
Iwentfishingduringthesummer.
（Whenregardedasapartoftheyear,itusedthedefinitivearticle）
Morningisthebesttimeforwork.
8.
Nowheismanagerofabank.
Whoismonitorofyourclass.
Asapolitician,Icannotacceptyourargument.
Asachairmanofthecommittee,Iamnotfreetoexpressmypersonalviews.
Guangzhou,capitalofGuangdongprovince,isabeautifulcity.
Foshan,acityofGuangdongprovince,isabeautifulcity.
9.beforepropernouns（专有名词）:
LuXunistheGroky（高尔基）ofChina.（比喻时+冠词）
Heisa（living）Leifeng.
He’sadifferentJohnSmithformwhathewastenyearsago.
Theyoungergenerationwillfindithardtoimagineasemi-feudal,semi-colonialChina.
两个或两个以上有关连的名词一起用时，往往不用冠词：
fromlefttoright
frombeginningtoend
tolivefromhandtomouth
fatherandson
dialoguebetweenteacherandstudent
Doctor,nurse,andpatientshavebecomethebestoffriends.
Chapter2、Noun名词
gender词的性;
number词的数;
case词的格
一、gender词的性
1.youth
Halfadozedyouthswerestandingatthestreetcorner.
（用做可数名词时指男青年，当指男女青年都有时用不可数形式）
Theyouthtodaydon’tknowwhattheywant.
2.baby,infant,child
Thebabywassleepinginitscot.
（因baby较小，一般不用性别区分所以用it）
Watchout!
Thebabyistryingtoputthetoywatchintohismouth.
（父母不愿意用it来指代baby，就用hisorher）
Theshipstruckaniceberg,whichtoreahugeholeinherside.
Scotlandlostmanyofherbravestmenintowgreatrebellious.
Deathwillcomewhenheisleastexpected.
Isthisyousportbike?
Howmuchisit?
Isthatyoursportsbike?
Yes,she’slovely,isn’tshe?
（当把看某物成宠物或宝贝时可用sheorhe）
Thecatisausefulanimalbecauseiteatsrats.
Thecatleapedontomybedandcoiledherselfhere.
二、number词的数
Hecaughtfivefish.
Thecatlikefish.（不强调种类时不可数）
threefishes（强调不同种类时可数）
salmon沙纹鱼/鲑鱼/大麻哈鱼,trout鲑鱼,cod鳕鱼等单数复数一样
sheep,deer,aircraft,craft单数复数一样
EnemyaircrafthaveseenoverLonden.
Craftofalltypesaretakingpartintherace.
4.没有标志的复数名词的复数
people,folk（人，人们）,police,cattle,poultry（家禽）,livestock（牲畜）,vermin（害虫）,offspring（子孙，后代）
police:
Thereareafewpoliceonguardatthegate.
Severalhundredpoliceguardedthepalace
（不可用fivepolice，不可具体，但可模糊）
cattle:
Cattlewereallowedtograzeonthevillagecommon.
Hehave20（headof）cattleonthefarm.（head不+s）
fruit:
Hedoesn’teatmuchfruit.（范指不可数）
Thepotatoisavegetablenotafruit.（指一种时可数）
Greecehassomewonderfulfruits.（表种类，几种时可数）
Ihopetheoldmanlivestoenjoythefruitsofhislabour.（表劳动成果时可数）
hair:
Hisblackhairwasgoinggrey.（范指一个人的头发时不可数）
Ifoundahair（twohairs）inthesoup.（用作一根根数时可数）
5.集体名词
Audience,staff,family,public,committee,enemy,sheep
family
Myfamilyisverlarge.（看做整体用做单数）
Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.（做家庭成员时用做复数）
public:
Thepublicwasconvincedfohisinnocence.（公共整体做单数）
Thepublicnowknowthestory.
Thepublicis（are）requestednotoleavelitterinthepark.
committee
Ourcommitteehasconsideredyourrequest.
Thecommitteearedividedintheiropinion.
enemy
Theenemyareinflight（逃跑）.（逃跑时不是一个整体，所以用复数）
Theenemyis（are）retreating（撤退）.（撤退时通常为一个整体，所以用单数）
sheep
Aflockofsheepwasgrazinginthefield.
Aflockofsheepwerestrayingallovertheroadandcausingconfusionamongthetraffic.
总是用做单数的：
a）抽象名词：
advice,knowledge,informaition
b）集体名词：
baggage,luggage,furniture,rubbish
总是用做复数的：
a）quarters（住处）,premises（房屋）
b）clothes,pajamas（睡衣）,trousers,shorts（短裤）,pants,scissors,chopsticks,pliers（钳子）,etc
cf:
clothes-clothing,poem-poetry,novel-fiction
三、case词的格
aman’sjob
thehorse’smouth
women’schothes
agirls’school
thestudents’hostel
theSmiths’car
*myaunts’husbands
thehusbandsofmyaunts
*myfriends’jewels
thejewelsofmyfriends
2.
MrJones’s（MrJones’）house
Yeats’s（Yeats’）Poems
3.withclassicalnameswejustadd:
Pythagoras’Theorem
Archimedes’Law
4.for…sake:
forgoodness’sake
forpeace’sake
forconsceience’sake
5.withcompounds:
放在最后
mybrother-in-loaw’sguitar
HenrytheEighth’swives
thePrinceofWales’shelicopter
inayearortwo’stime
Wehadanhourandahalf’stalk.
AdamandEve’schildren
*Tomandhisbrother’schildren
Tom’sandhisborther’schildren
ThesonofPharaon’sdaughterwasthedaughterofPharaoh’sson
4.useofthepossessivecase:
所有格的用法
1）
DrArnold’spupilswerealwaysdiligent.（指所有的学生）
WewerepupilsofDrArnold.（并不是全部的学生）
thisdoctor’syoungwife=theyoungwifeofthisdoctor
withsomecaseswecanonlyuseof+noun,eg:
Theboysranaboutobeyingthedirectionsofamanwithawhistle.
（因有withawhistle或+定从就无法用’s）
ItooktheadviceofacoupleImetonthetrainandhiredacar.
2）
HistoryofEngland（commonuse）
England’shistory
Nelson’slife（的一生）
thelifeofNelson（传记，书名）
today’s（今天的）
oftoday（当代的，当今的）
theking’spraise（别人表扬国王或国王表扬别人，主动也可被动）
Hewaspleasedbythek
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