天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练2科普知识.docx

天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练2科普知识.docx

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天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练2科普知识

第三节题组训练2科普知识

A

（2017·河东区一模）

Doyoueverwishforalittlemoretimetodoeverythingyouneedtodo？

Well，onJuly1you’llbegettingit—butonlyonemoresecond.

OnJuly1atexactly7：

59：

59a．m.Beijingtime（oronJune30at23：

59：

59UTC，CoordinatedUniversalTime），theworld’satomic（原子的）clockswillpauseforasinglesecond，or，moreprecisely，changetotheunusualtimeof7：

59：

60，accordingto.Theadditionofaleapsecond（闰秒），announcedbytheParisObservatory，istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation（旋转）andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.

Justoneextrasecondcouldcausebigproblemsandaffectthewaycomputersandwebsiteswork，however.Whenthelastleapsecondwasaddedbackin2012，morethanafewwebsiteshadsometrouble.AsreportedbyPhys.org，popularsiteslikethecommunitywebsiteRedditcrashedwhentheleapsecondwasadded.

ForReddit，theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond.

SpeakingtoWiredabouttheproblembackin2012，LinuxcreatorLinusTorvaldscommented：

“Almosteverytimewehavealeapsecond，wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying，becauseit’scode（代码）thatisalmostneverused，andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions.”

Companieshavehadtothinkoftheirownsolutions，andGoogle’s“leapsmear”maybethebest-knownexample.AscompanyengineerChristopherPascoeexplainsinablogpost，companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain.

However，Pascoebelievesthiscreatesproblems.Heasked：

“Whathappens？

Doese-mailthatcomesinduringthatsecondgetstoredcorrectly？

”

Googlehasasolution：

Cuttheextrasecondintomillisecondsandthenputthesetinyamountsoftimeintothesystemthroughouttheday.“Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight，”saysPascoe.“Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.”

FormanycompanieswithoutGoogle’smoney，however，theleapsecondwilllikelystillcausesomecrashes.Don’tworry，though—atleastitwon’tlastlong!

语篇解读　本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。

1．Whydoweneedtoaddaleapsecond?

A．Theworld’satomicclocksaresettodoso.

B．Tokeepintimewiththeworld’scomputers.

C．TokeepatomicclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation.

D．Torecordthechangestoastronomicaltime.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中“Theadditionofaleapsecond（闰秒），announcedbytheParisObservatory，istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation（旋转）andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.”可知，闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的，为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒，故选C。

2．WhathappenedtothewebsiteRedditwhentheleapsecondwasaddedin2012?

A．Itcrashedbecauseofavirusattack.

B．Itsnetworktimeaddedtwoextraseconds.

C．AllofthecodeinitsLinuxsystemwentwrong.

D．Oneofitssoftwaresystemsgotconfusedandthesitebrokedown.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond”可知，闰秒发生时，网站崩溃，运行系统混乱，故选D。

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”refertointhe5thparagraph?

A．Thecodenotworkingproperly.

B．Theextrasecond.

C．Theproblem.

D．Normalconditions.

答案　A

解析　代词指代题。

根据文章第五段中“wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying，becauseit’scode（代码）thatisalmostneverused，andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions”可知，something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码，即代码不正常地工作，故选A。

4．Howdocompaniesusuallydealwiththeproblemoftheextrasecond?

A．Byshuttingdowncomputersattheendoftheday.

B．Bystoppingreceivingemailsthatcomeinduringthatsecond.

C．Byturningtheclocksbackbyonesecondattheendoftheday.

D．Bycuttingtheextrasecondintomillisecondsthroughouttheday.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第六段中“companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain”可知，解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒，故选C。

5．What’sChristopherPascoe’sattitudetowardGoogle’ssolutiontotheproblem?

A．Unfavorable.B．Doubtful.

C．Approving.D．Cautious.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中“‘Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight，’saysPascoe.‘Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.’”可知，午夜时分多一秒时，时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了，所以Pascoe认同这个方法，故选C。

B

（2017·和平区一模）

Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms.Itmaywashawaytheinnerconfusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices，accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudybuildsonpastresearchintoaphenomenonknownas“theMacbetheffect”．

ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedLadyMacbethtryingtocleanherconscience（良心）