天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练2科普知识.docx
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天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练2科普知识
第三节题组训练2科普知识
A
(2017·河东区一模)
Doyoueverwishforalittlemoretimetodoeverythingyouneedtodo?
Well,onJuly1you’llbegettingit—butonlyonemoresecond.
OnJuly1atexactly7:
59:
59a.m.Beijingtime(oronJune30at23:
59:
59UTC,CoordinatedUniversalTime),theworld’satomic(原子的)clockswillpauseforasinglesecond,or,moreprecisely,changetotheunusualtimeof7:
59:
60,accordingto.Theadditionofaleapsecond(闰秒),announcedbytheParisObservatory,istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation(旋转)andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.
Justoneextrasecondcouldcausebigproblemsandaffectthewaycomputersandwebsiteswork,however.Whenthelastleapsecondwasaddedbackin2012,morethanafewwebsiteshadsometrouble.AsreportedbyPhys.org,popularsiteslikethecommunitywebsiteRedditcrashedwhentheleapsecondwasadded.
ForReddit,theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond.
SpeakingtoWiredabouttheproblembackin2012,LinuxcreatorLinusTorvaldscommented:
“Almosteverytimewehavealeapsecond,wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying,becauseit’scode(代码)thatisalmostneverused,andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions.”
Companieshavehadtothinkoftheirownsolutions,andGoogle’s“leapsmear”maybethebest-knownexample.AscompanyengineerChristopherPascoeexplainsinablogpost,companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain.
However,Pascoebelievesthiscreatesproblems.Heasked:
“Whathappens?
Doese-mailthatcomesinduringthatsecondgetstoredcorrectly?
”
Googlehasasolution:
Cuttheextrasecondintomillisecondsandthenputthesetinyamountsoftimeintothesystemthroughouttheday.“Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight,”saysPascoe.“Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.”
FormanycompanieswithoutGoogle’smoney,however,theleapsecondwilllikelystillcausesomecrashes.Don’tworry,though—atleastitwon’tlastlong!
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。
1.Whydoweneedtoaddaleapsecond?
A.Theworld’satomicclocksaresettodoso.
B.Tokeepintimewiththeworld’scomputers.
C.TokeepatomicclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation.
D.Torecordthechangestoastronomicaltime.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中“Theadditionofaleapsecond(闰秒),announcedbytheParisObservatory,istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation(旋转)andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.”可知,闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的,为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒,故选C。
2.WhathappenedtothewebsiteRedditwhentheleapsecondwasaddedin2012?
A.Itcrashedbecauseofavirusattack.
B.Itsnetworktimeaddedtwoextraseconds.
C.AllofthecodeinitsLinuxsystemwentwrong.
D.Oneofitssoftwaresystemsgotconfusedandthesitebrokedown.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond”可知,闰秒发生时,网站崩溃,运行系统混乱,故选D。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”refertointhe5thparagraph?
A.Thecodenotworkingproperly.
B.Theextrasecond.
C.Theproblem.
D.Normalconditions.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。
根据文章第五段中“wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying,becauseit’scode(代码)thatisalmostneverused,andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions”可知,something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码,即代码不正常地工作,故选A。
4.Howdocompaniesusuallydealwiththeproblemoftheextrasecond?
A.Byshuttingdowncomputersattheendoftheday.
B.Bystoppingreceivingemailsthatcomeinduringthatsecond.
C.Byturningtheclocksbackbyonesecondattheendoftheday.
D.Bycuttingtheextrasecondintomillisecondsthroughouttheday.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第六段中“companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain”可知,解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒,故选C。
5.What’sChristopherPascoe’sattitudetowardGoogle’ssolutiontotheproblem?
A.Unfavorable.B.Doubtful.
C.Approving.D.Cautious.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中“‘Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight,’saysPascoe.‘Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.’”可知,午夜时分多一秒时,时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了,所以Pascoe认同这个方法,故选C。
B
(2017·和平区一模)
Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms.Itmaywashawaytheinnerconfusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudybuildsonpastresearchintoaphenomenonknownas“theMacbetheffect”.
ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedLadyMacbethtryingtocleanherconscience(良心)