考研英语真题答案分析之新题型Word文件下载.docx

考研英语真题答案分析之新题型Word文件下载.docx

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其次，大纲中的排序题给出两个已知段落，一般是首尾段，再根据已知的段落进行五选五排序，而今年的排序题只给出来了一个已知选项，而且这个已知选项是倒数第二段，这样给考生解题就带来了很大的难度。

　　另外，从题目的取材方面来说，这篇文章是一篇经济类的文章，摘自2003年第一期《麦肯锡周刊》（TheMckinseyQuartly）本文下方附有原文的链接，可供考生参考，11界的考生也需要关注国外类似的杂志。

这本杂志已经是第二次被考研英语命题专家选为命题的素材库了。

整个文章主要描述目前欧洲的消费品零售商在欧洲面临的发展停滞的问题，但他们却忽视了在他们身边一个潜在的市场以及消费者习惯发生改变的事实。

　　最后通过和原文对比就会发现，考研命题专家在出题的时侯把原文的段落进行了组合和删减速。

原文中一段在考题中变成了两段，而原文中的末尾在考题中又和下一段接在了一起，形成了一个新的段落，这样给考生解题带来了非常大的困难。

　　AwholesaleshiftinEuropeangroceries

　　1、BRetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope’slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad,oftenwithmore.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:

thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed。

　　2、FWholesalefoodanddrinksalesinFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdom（togetherrepresentingaboutthree-quartersoftheEuropeanmarket）cameto?

166billion（$167.9billion）in2000—morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;

wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;

andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.3、DAllinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirgiganticscale,existinginfrastructure,andprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketingintelligence。

　　RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapsubstantialgainsthereby

　　Atleast,thatishowitlooksintheaggregate.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.4、GButnoneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers（andevensomelargefoodproducersandexistingwholesalers）fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains。

　　Amapofwholesaling

　　5、EDespitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountrieswehaveexaminedclosely—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:

independentmom-and-popgrocerystores,whichunlikelargeretailchainsaretoosmalltobuydirectfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon’teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas"

horeca"

:

hotels,restaurants,andcafé

s（or,insomecountries,catering）。

　　Onthesupplyside,therearetwotypesofwholesalers.Cash-and-carryonesoperatestores,similartowarehouses,wheretheysellfoodanddrink,mostlytotraditionalretailersandsmallerhoreca.Customersselectandtakeawaytheirpurchasesthemselves.Deliverywholesalers,bycontrast,delivergoodsfromtheirwarehousesdirecttotheircustomers,mostlymidsizeorlargefoodserviceoperators.Bothtypesofwholesalersaboundineachfoodcategory,butdeliverywholesalersareparticularlynumerous;

generallysmall,localfamilybusinesses,theysupply50to60percentofthemarketinallcountries.Cash-and-carryoutletsserve10to20percentofit,andotherintermediaries,suchasretailhypermarketsandafewfoodmanufacturers,supplytherest。

　　Overall,Europe’swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,buttheaggregatefiguresmasktwoopposingtrends.6、AThefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer’sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout:

consumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2021（Exhibit1）.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Moreover,demographicchange—particularlytheincreaseintheproportionofolder,wealthierpeopleinthepopulation—willprobablysustainthispattern。

　　12重磅推荐2021年考研答案试题考后第一时间：

2021年考研答案试题解析专题·

视频：

2021年1月考研试题答案名师点评汇总·

2021考研查分、复试分数线、调剂信息发布预告·

2021年1月9日考研试题答案交流专区·

2021年考研模拟考场考后第一时间提供在线估分·

2021年考研成绩查询、调剂信息短信提醒开通

　　PartB

　　Directions:

　　ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthefirstA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestofromacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdosenotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer’sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;

theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2021.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,astherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative。

　　[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope’slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:

　　[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?

Definitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold。

　　[D]Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketingintelligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo。

　　[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:

independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon’teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas“horeca”：

hotels,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe’swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends。

　　[F]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;

andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate。

　　[G]However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers（andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers）fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains。

　　41→42→43→44→E→45

　　解析：

　　2021年考研的英语试题在新题型部分，出现了比较不常见的排序题，这完全在我们的预料之中。

今年的排序题在题型上和传统的排序题还有所差别。

题目要求中明确指出，需要从A到G的7个段落中选取最合适的段落组成一篇连贯的文章，其中E段（倒数第二段，非首段）的位置已经给出，有一个段落是干扰项。

　　排序题的做题步骤及本题的解题过程如下：

　　1、通读文章首段，了解主旨大意;

　　注：

鉴于这篇文章并未给出首段，该步骤可以省略。

　　2、通读各个段落，了解段落大意（或段落讲解的核心概念），更重要的是要标出各段首尾句的关联特征及段中明显的标志词，如代词、表示转承关系的逻辑词、同根同义词等。

如：

　　A段：

thefirstandmoreimportant…meanwhile…consumer’sgrowingpreferencefor