联合国国际组织实习笔试题目.docx

联合国国际组织实习笔试题目.docx

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联合国国际组织实习笔试题目

一、问答题:

3道题中选择1道进行回答,字数要求300-1000字,答题语言为英语或法语。

1.“世界遗产保护”与消除贫困都是联合国教科文组织的重要目标,但二者之间有时也会发生冲突。

你是如何看待二者的关系?

2.2015年9月联合国举行发展峰会,评估“千年发展目标”的进展,同时通过《联合国2015年后发展议程》,指导今后15年的国际发展合作。

请简述你对“千年发展目标”的理解,并详述一下联合国教科文组织/国际电信联盟能从哪些方面对“千年发展目标”的实现做出贡献。

3.你认为中国政府所倡议的“一带一路”发展战略和联合国通过的“全球可持续发展议程（SDG,theGlobalSustainableDevelopmentGoals）”是什么关系?

中国政府在实施“一带一路”发展战略方面与国际组织的合作会发挥何种作用?

二、材料题阅读材料,写出文章的要点并加以简要评述。

字数要求300-500字,答题语言为英语或法语。

Secretary-General’sremarksattheWorldGovernmentSummitwith

Q&A[asdelivered]

LadiesandGentlemen,

It’sanenormouspleasureandanenormoushonortobehere.IamverygratefultoyourHighness[SheikhMohammedbinRashidAlMaktoum]foryourverykindinvitation.

Ifonelooksattoday’sgovernanceproblemsatthecountrylevel,betweencountriesoratmultilateralgovernanceintheworld,wefaceaterriblelackoftrust.Lackoftrustbetweenpeoples,betweengovernmentsandpolitical

establishment.Lackoftrustbetweencountriesandlackoftrustinrelationtogovernanceinglobalmultilateralinstitutions.

Lookingatcountrylevel,itisclearthatglobalizationhasbeenanenormousprogress,completewithtechnologicaldevelopment,globalizationbroughtahugeincreaseinwealth,areductioninabsolutepovertyinourworld,improvedwelfareingeneral,butglobalizationhaditslosers.Wehavetherustbeltsofthisworld.Lotsofpeoplewhofeeltheywereleftbehindandthatthepoliticalestablishmentsoftheircountrieshavenottakencareofthem.Ontheotherhand,weseetheinabilitytohandleproblemsrelatingtothemovementsofpeople,tomigration,refugeesandthenlinkagethatismadetoterrorism,thefeelingofinsecurityandanxiety.Also,thissensethatgovernmentsarenottakinggoodcareorbeingabletohandleitproperly.

Weseeyouth,youththatisthepotentialofmankind.But,inmanycountriesthathaveproblemsinrelationtothecapacitytofindhope,tofindjobs,eveniftheyareeducated,creatingenormousfrustrations.Allthisgenerates,inacontextwherealsopoliticalsystemshavenotbeenabletoadapttothenewchangesinthecommunicationandinformationtechnologies,thishasgeneratedagapbetweenpublicopinion,societies,andgovernments.Thatisoneofthefactors,today,thatunderminesgovernance.Andthen,ifweassociateit,incertainsocieties,withcorruptionandotherproblems,weunderstandthatwehaveaseriousproblemtohandle.

Now,itisclearthatreformisneededtoreconcilepeoplewithpoliticalestablishments;politicalestablishmentneedtoadapttothesetechnologiesininformationandcommunication;needtoempowercitizensandempoweryoungpeople.IamastrongbelieverinaGermanphilosopher,[Jurgen]Habermas,whosaid:

“thekeyelementof

democracyisthepermanentintercommunicationbetweenthepoliticalsocietyandthecivilsocietyandthefactthatthecivilsocietyinfluencesthedecisionmakingprocessinthepoliticalsociety."

Now,withtechnology,thishaschanged.Governmentshavenotbeabletoadapttothechangesintechnologiesthatforcetheseinteractionsforparticipationtohaveadifferentnatureandreformforcreatingconditionsforagovernmenttointeractinamodernwayforsocietiesis,Ithink,acrucialareaofreformthatisneededandbringingwithittheempowermentofyouthandthecapacityofyoungpeopletohaveasayinthedestinyoftheirowncountries.

Improvinggovernance,andimprovingconfidencebetweengovernmentsandpeople,isessentialanditisaconditiontoimprovetheconfidenceintherelationsbetweencountries.Welivetodayinaworldthatisnolongerbipolar,nolongerunipolarbutitisnotyetmultipolar.It’sreallychaotic.Therelationshipsareunclear,bringingwithitunpredictabilityandimpunitythattendstoproliferateeverywhere.Andinwhichthereisadeepmistrustbetweencountriesandgroupsofcountriesthat,ofcourse,facilitatesthemultiplicationofconflictsandthe

difficultytosolvethem.Weneedasurgeofdiplomacyforpeace.Weneedtobeabletohavehonestbrokerstryingtobringtogetherthosecountriesthatareessentialforthesolutionofthoseconflictswefaceindifferentpartsoftheworld,andnamelyinthisregion.Butweneedtoabletoaddresstherootcausesofconflictandtohavetheinternationalcommunityorganizedtoaddresstherootcausesofconflict.

Andthatiswheretheothergapofconfidencebecomesextremelyimportant.Inaworldinwhicheverythingisglobal,inwhichtheproblemsareglobal–fromclimatechangetothemovementofpeople–thereisnowaycountriescandoitbythemselves.Weneedglobalresponses,andglobalresponsesneedmultilateralinstitutionsabletoplaytheirrole.

Forthat,itisalsoimportanttohaveconfidenceinrelationtoglobalmultilateralinstitutionsandthere,thereisalsoalackofconfidencethatisobvious.IfyoulookattheUNforinstance,thereisaclearlackofconfidenceintheSecurityCounciltodayandclearperceptionthattheSecurityCouncilnolongercorrespondstothelogicoftoday’s

worldinrelationtowhattheworldwasaftertheSecondWorldWar,whentheSecurityCouncilwasbuilt.Itisclearthatmanyinternationalorganizationslacktheefficiency,thecapacity,torespondeffectivelytotheproblemstheyface.Wesawthedifficultiesinendingtheglobalfinancialcrisis.Thereisaneedalsofordeepreformsinglobalinstitutions.Reformsthathavetodowithpowerrelations,namelyinthecaseoftheSecurityCouncil,orthewayvotesaredistributedininternationalfinancialinstitutions.Butalso,reformsthatweneedintroduceinallaspectsofwhatwedo.

InrelationtomyownroleintheSecretariatoftheUN,IamdeeplycommittedtothreewaysofreformthatIconsideressential.First,toadaptourpeaceandsecuritystrategies,operationalset-ups,andtheinstitutionswithintheUN,tobemuchmoreeffective.Wehavetodayseventytoeightypercentofourbudgetinpeacekeepingoperations,mostoftheminareaswherethereisnopeacetokeep.Ifyouwantpreventionandsustainingofpeacetoprevail,weneedtolinkpeaceandsecuritywithsustainableandinclusivedevelopment.Andtomakesurethatthetwo,togetherwiththeimprovementofthehumanrightssituationintheworld,guaranteethattherootcausesofconflictareaddressed,andforthat,weneedtoreformourownwayofdoingbusinessintheUN.

Second,ismanagementreform.WehaverulesandregulationsthatmaketheUNverydifficulttoacteffectively.SometimesIthinkthatthattheywereconceivedtoparalyzetheinstitution!

Weneedtocreateawin-winconfidencebuildingcapacityamongdifferentmemberstates–WesternGroup,G77,allothers–tomakethemunderstandthatitisinthebenefitofeverybodytohaveaUNthatismorenimble,moredecentralized,withmuch

moresimplifiedprocedures.

Then,weneedtomakesurethatwereformtheUNdevelopmentsystem.Wehavetorecognizethatwearestillfragmented,thatwearestillunabletofullycoordinateouractionand,especially,thattheaccountabilityintheUNsystemneedsmuchstrengthened.ToreformtheUNdevelopmentsystem,strengthencoordinationandaccountability,andmakingallorganizationworktogethertoabletosupportgovernmentsinimplementingthedifferentcrucialobjectivesthatwereapproved–theSustainableDevelopmentGoalsandtheParisAgreement–anddifferentotheraspectsofinternationalcooperationinrelationtodevelopment,areareasinwhichthereformoftheUNiscrucialinordertobettersustaintheseprocesses.

Reformatcountrylevel,reforminwaycountriesdealtoeachotherandthewayinternationalorganizationsoperate,reforminourmultilateralgovernancesystemdevelopmentsystemarecrucialtore-establishingtrust.AndwithouttrustandIdon’tthinkwewillbeabletoaddresstheverydifficultchallengesthatwefacetoday.

Q1:

Wehaveafewminutestochatsolet’sdealwiththisdeficitoftrust,asyouhavedescribedit.Andlet’sreallydrilldownandtakeanearlyexampleofthatinyourveryowninstitutionatthebeginningof

thisterm.I’mtalkingtheUSdecisiontoblockSalamFayyad,yourpicktobecomethenewUNEnvoyforpeaceinLibya.Fortoolong,theUNhasbeenunfairlybiased,saidtheUSAmbassador,unfairlybiasedinfavourofthePalestinianAuthoritytothedetrimentofouralliesinIsrael.Howdoyoudealwiththatandwhathappensnext?

SG:

Therearetwodifferentquestionshere:

one,istheappointmentofMrSalamFayyadas[mySpecialRepresentative]forLibya.And,Ibelieve,heistherightpersonfortherightjobattherightmoment.Hehasqualitiesthatarerecognisedeverywhere.HehasacompetencethatnobodydeniesandLibyarequiresthekindofcapacitythathehasandIthinkit’salossfortheLibyanpeaceprocessandfortheLibyanpeoplethatIamnotabletoappointhim.AnditisveryimportanttounderlinethatnobodyintheUNrepresentsagovernmentoracountry.PeopleintheUNhavejustoneareaofloyaltytheyneedtorespect-it’stheUNCharter.AndsoIdeeplyregretthisoppositionandIdonotseeanyvalidreasonforit.Havingsaidso,IthinktheUNneedstobeableto

actwithimpartialityinallcircumstancesandcannotbebiasedinfavourofanybody.ThingsneedtobedealtbasedontherealfacevalueofthingsandsoIthinkthatifIsraeldoessomethinginrelationtowhichwedisagree,weneedtoexpressthatdisagreement,butthatdoesn’tmeanthatIsraelneedstobediscriminatedonallotherareas.SoIthinkweneedtodistinguishthings.IamverymuchinfavourofanUNthatisimpartial,thataddressestheproblemsbasedonthevalueofproblems,andwhattheproblemsrequiretoaddres