英汉俚语分析 The Analysis on the Differences between Chinese and English SlangWord文档格式.docx
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slang;
Chineseslang;
Englishslang
Contents
1.Introduction
1.1ABriefIntroductionofSlang
1.2TheDefinitionofSlang
2.LiteratureReview
3.TheAnalysisonChineseandEnglishSlang
3.1TheDifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishslanginGeographicalEnvironment
3.1.1GeographicalEnvironmentReflectedinEnglishSlang
3.1.2GeographicalEnvironmentReflectedinChineseSlang
3.2TheDifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishslanginLifestyle
3.2.1LifestyleReflectedinEnglishSlang
3.2.2LifestyleReflectedinChineseSlang
3.3TheDifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishSlanginReligiousBeliefs
3.3.1ReligiousBeliefsReflectedinEnglishSlang
3.3.2ReligiousBeliefsReflectedinChineseSlang
3.4TheDifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishslanginHistoricalEvents
3.4.1HistoricalEventsReflectedinEnglishSlang
3.4.2HistoricalEventsReflectedinChineseSlang
3.5TheDifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishSlanginAnimals
3.5.1AnimalsReflectedinEnglishSlang
3.5.2AnimalsreflectedinChineseSlang
4.Conclusions
Bibliography
Slang,asoppositetosinglewordsornovelexpressions,consideredaslow,vulgarlanguage.(邓,1989).Slangisdefinedas“languageofahighlycolloquialtype,consideredasbelowthelevelofstandardeducatedspeech,andconsistingeitherofnewwordsorofcurrentwordsemployedinsomespecialsense”intheOxfordEnglishDictionary.
1.1ABriefIntroductionofSlang
Generallyspeaking,slangisaculture-relateditemwhichparticularlyhasculturalconnotationsandassociations.ThereforeonecannotignoretheculturalbackgroundofslangwhenexploringEnglishandChineseslang.Tomasterslangofalanguagemayseekcertainhelpfromoriginsandcharacteristicsoftheculture.
Throughmanystudiesontheslang,aconclusioncanbemadethatEnglishandChineseslangs’contrastivestudymayincludevariousaspectssuchas:
definition,origin,characteristics.Slangs’culturalconnotationshavebeengreatlytalkedaboutintherealmoftranslationinChina.ButitisahardnuttocrackastohowtoproperlyrenderslangandtheirculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese.TheanalysisonthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishslangcanhelpustoachieveabetterunderstandingofcultureandsociety.
ThispaperintendstohaveananalysisonthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishslang.ThestudyofthedifferencescanhopefullyenhanceourculturalawarenessinEnglishteachingandlearningsoastohelpusavoidpragmaticfailureandmisunderstandingincommunication.
1.2TheDefinitionofSlang
Slangisthelanguageofahighlycolloquialtype,consideredasbelowthelevelofstandardeducatedspeech,andconsistingeitherofnewwordsorofcurrentwordsemployedinsomespecialsense.(王,2009)
Slangistheveryinformalwords,phrasescommonlyusedinspeech,especiallybetweenfromthesamesocialgrouporwhoworktogether,notconsideredsuitableforformalcontextsandoftennotinuseforlong.(赵,2009)
BasedonthesedefinitionsofferedintheOxfordEnglishDictionary,myinterpretationtothedefinitionofslangisthat,firstofall,slangisanyspecialvocabularyusedbythepeoplewhowereborninthelowerclasscommunity;
secondly,slangisakindoflanguageformthatismuchvulgarandcoarse;
thirdly,slangislanguageusedwithinacertainclassandduringacertainperiod;
finally,slangisalowercolloquiallanguagecomparedwiththecommonusedlanguagemasteredbytheeducatedpeople,consideringeitherofnewwordsorofcurrentwordsemployedinsomespecialsense.Wecanseefromthedefinitionsthattheprejudiceoncepeopleadoptedhaslongsincebeenremoved.Thisresultedfromthemoreandmorewidelyuseofslang.
Sinceslangisgermsoflanguages;
theyarecertainlyworthstudying.InordertoteachandhelpthelanguagelearnerstoacquiretheEnglishlanguageorChineselanguagemoreefficientlyandtohelppromotecross-culturalcommunicationbetweenEnglish-speakingpeopleandChinese,somelinguisticscholars,especiallyChinesescholars,havemadesomeresearchesinthisfield.Theresearchcanbedividedintotwophrases:
thepastresearchandthepresentresearch.
In1893cameBrandMatthew’sTheFunctionofSlanginwhichheproposes“Nowitisthedutyofslangistoprovidesubstituteforthegoodwordsandtruewhicharewornoutbyhardservice”.LiuXiaopeiandZengYutaomentionedthatitwasshowedthatslangbeganasearlyastheRomantime.(刘,1989).Inthe19thcentury,theinfluencecomingfrommiddleclassandlowerclasspeopleenlarged.ManyscholarshadmadesomesignificantresearchesonEnglishandChineseslang.
Someotherscholarshavealsoprobedintothisstudyinrecentyears.Inaddition,somearticleswhicharerelatedtoculturalsourcesofEnglishandChineseslangonlyprobeseveralspecificculturalphenomena.Suchas,ZhaoLianzhi'
sarticle,aresearchofreligiousculturepresentedtheinfluenceofreligiontoculture;
(赵,2008)LiangXiaohonganalyzedChineseslangderivedfromBuddhisminwhichthewriterfocusesonChineseChengyufromhistoricalfactortoculturalinfluence(陆,1993);
LianShunenghasdiscusseddifferentwaysofthinkinginChineseandEnglishslang.InthebookofIntroducingEnglishSlangandCulture,thewriteronlymentionstheEnglishslangwhichcultureisreflected.(刘,2004)
Thescholars'
worksonEnglishandChineseslangprovidevaluabledataforthepresentstudy.Withallthesegoodworks,EnglishlearnersinChinacanhaveageneralviewofbothEnglishandChineseslangandcanbenefitgreatlyfromthem.Inviewofthepresentinadequateandincomprehensiveresearches,itisstillneededtomakemoreandprofoundstudiesofEnglishandChineseslang.
ManyscholarshadmadegreatcontributiononthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishslang.Slangisapartoflanguage;
itmayreflecttheculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWestcountry.ThisthesistriestomakeananalysisonthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishslangfromtheperspectiveofculture.
3.1TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishSlanginGeographicalEnvironment
Differentculturesandnationalfeaturesaremostlydeterminedbydifferentgeographicalenvironment.Thoughgeographicalenvironmentdoesn’tbelongtothefieldofculture,theydoexertinfluenceonculturetoagreatextent.Forexample,peoplelivingindifferentenvironmentswillformdifferentprincipleofconduct,whichcanbereflectedinpeople'
sspeech.Thenamesofplacemaydisplaytypicalculturefeaturesofgeographicalenvironment.Theyarenotonlythesymbolsofdifferentplaces,butalsothecarriersofdifferentculturalconnotation.Inbothlanguages,thereisslangindicatingthestrikingfeaturesofthenaturalenvironment.
3.1.1GeographicalEnvironmentReflectedinEnglishSlang
Britainisanislandcountrywiththedeeplyindentedcoastline.Thisoffersagoodnumberofsplendidharborsforships.Soithasalonghistoryofnavigation.BecauseofshapeofthecountryithasmadetheEnglishasea-lovingpeople.Therefore,peoplewholivealongseacoastandwhoselivelihooddependsonseawillhaveagreatnumberofslangconnectedwithsea,sailingandfish.ThelifeandlaboroftheEnglisharecloselyconcernedwithoceans.AlotofEnglishslangshavederivedfromtheseashippingandrelevantexperienceandlessons.Suchasseadonkeywhichmeansunattractive,uglygirls;
seadogmeansasailor;
floatyourboatmeansmakeyouhappy;
beallinthesameboatmeanstobeinabadsituationalongwithothers.ThemorepopularEnglishslangsareinthesameboat;
paddleone’sowncanoe;
misstheboat.TheclimateofBritainisinfluencedbyAtlanticGulfStream,soitistemperateandmuchmilderthanthoseinmanyplacesinthesamelatitude,forexampleAlaskaintheUSandHeilongjiangprovinceinChina.Asweallknow,theEnglishmenlovetotalkabouttheweather.Theremayhavetworeasons.Oneistheuncertaintyoftheweather.InBritaintheweatherisconstantlychanging.Somepeopleevensay:
“Onecanexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday!
”SoyoumaylaughwhenyouseeinLondonthattheEnglishmenarewearingraincoatsorcarryingumbrellasonabrightsunnyday.TypicallythereismuchraininBritaineverymonth,sotherearemuchslangconnectedwithweather,suchasshitstormmeansaterriblemessliterally;
makeitrainmeanstodisplaywealth;
rainorshinemeansnomatterwhat;
stealone’sthundermeanstotakeattentionthatrightfullybelongtoother.TheweatherinBritainischanging.Britishlookslikehaveonlytwoweather-rainydayandfinedaywhicharereflectedinEnglishslang,whilethefourclear-cutseasonsclimatereflectedinChineseslang.Sothisistheimportantdi