模块七UNITONE词汇详解.docx
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模块七UNITONE词汇详解
选修7第一单元
考点预览:
1词汇:
ambition,adapt,beneficial,similar,absence,including,ignore,encouragement
2短语:
makefunof,setup,eventhough,dreamabout,atleast,aswellas,aswell,dealwith,inotherwords,
outofbreath,allinalllivea…life,getannoyed,bedifferentfrom
语言点:
1.try(v,n)
(1)试图,设法,努力Idon’tknowifIcancome,butI’lltry.
(2)试,试用,试验Haveyoutriedthisnewcoffee?
It’sverygood.尝过
(3)try后可接名词,动名词,不定式,what从句等
aJohnisn’there.Tryphoninghishomenumber.bWhatareyoutryingtodo?
cTrythesuitontoseewhetheritfitsyou.
(4)trytodosth努力做某事;trydoingsth尝试做某事
为什么不尝试乘火车去那里呢?
__________________________________________________________________?
他努力地要把箱子搬到楼上,但失败了。
____________________________________________________________
如果前门没有人开,你可以敲后门试试。
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(5)词组:
trysthon试穿tryout试验,尝试tryone’sbest(todosth)尽某人最大的努力
类似用法:
stoptodosth,meantodosthforgettodosthremembertodosth
stopdoingsthmeandoingsthforgetdoingsthrememberdoingsth
2.achieve
(1)(凭努力)达到(目标等)Hehadfinallyachievedsuccess.
(2)成功Theirbackgroundgivesthemlittlechanceofachievingatschool.
词组:
achievesuccess/victory/purpose获得成功/取得胜利/达到目的
achievement(n)成就,伟绩achievable(adj)能完成的,能达到的
3proud骄傲的,自豪的。
常用于以下结构:
beproudofbeproudtodosthbeproudthat
Yourachievementsaresomethingtobeproudof.Ifeelproudtobeapartoftheteam.
Heisveryproudthatheisascientist.IdoadmitI’mratherproudofmyprogress.
pride(n)takepridein=beproudofproudly(adv)
4represent
(1)代表,象征,标志TheroserepresentsEngland.OurfirmisrepresentedinIndiabyMrHall.我公司驻印度
HerepresentedChinaintheconference.他代表中国参加了这个会议。
Thetradeunionrepresentsover200000workers.
(2)描绘,描述,塑造ThepicturerepresentsthebattleofWaterloo.Thepicturerepresentsahuntingscene.
representative(n,adj)代表(人),有代表性的,典型的;representation(n)代表,表现,描绘(指事物);
近义词辨析:
represent强调代表(官方,政府),代言人,standfor代表(含义,符号)
UN__theUnitedStates.WenJiabao__ourgovernmenttogiveatalkatthecongress.
5setup
(1)摆放,竖起(某物)Policesetuproadblocksonroutesleadingoutofthecity.
(2)建立Theywanttosetupastateoftheirown.
近义词辨析:
setup指建立组织机构等抽象事物,也可指竖起,搭起,此时等于putup
Anewschoolhasbeensetupinmyhometown.
build多指建立房屋,桥梁,道路等Thehousewasbuiltin1960s.
putup多指建立临时性的房屋,帐篷等Theyputupatentbytheriversideforthenight.(过夜)
found指创建(组织,国家);把…基于…之上ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
Foralltheseyears,Ihavebeenworkingforothers.I’mhopingI’ll__myownbusinesssomeday.
AturnupBfixupCsetupDmakeup
相关短语:
(1)setabout(doingsth)/setouttodosth着手做…
(2)setoff出发,动身(3)setfireto点燃,生火
(4)setdown记下,写下,放下(5)seton攻击(6)setanexample树立榜样(7)set…aside把…放在一边,省出,留出Shetriestosetasidesomemoneyeverymonth.(8)setback使推迟,耽误,使延误Thebadweathersetbackthebuildingprogrammebyseveralweeks.(9)setapart留出,拨出(专用)Tworoomsweresetapartforuseaslibraries.
(10)setforward提出,拨快(钟表),促进
6ambition(c,u)
(1)雄心,野心,志气,抱负,志向
Aboywhoisfilledambitionusuallyworkshard.HisambitiontobecomethePrimeMinisterislikelytoberealized.
(2)目标,夙愿(c)Hehasgreatambitions.胸怀大志Hehasrealizedhisambitions.(抱负)beambitioustodosth
ambitious(adj)有雄心的,有志气的beambitiousofsth/havetheambitionforsth渴望得到某物fullofambition野心勃勃
7similar(adj)相似的,类似的besimilarto(to为介词)与…相似besimilarin在…方面相似similarity(n)类似点
ShanghaiissimilartoShenzheninmanyways.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweenthetwo.
8takealesson/lessons上课,学习课程,修课程HepreferstotakeEnglishlessonsratherthantakeChineseones.
givesbalesson/lessons给某人上课teachsbalesson教训某人TheaccidenttaughtmealessonI’llneverforget.
9inotherwords换句话说(做插入语)
Beethovenwrotemanyworld-famousmusicalcompositions.Inotherwords,hewasagreatmusician.
I’mnotusedtothewayyouspeaktome.Inotherwords,Idon’twanttocontinueourconversations
(1)inword口头上Idon’twantyoutotellmeinwordthatyouwillstudyhard.
(2)inwords用语言(来表达)一般置于句末Youdon’tknowhowwonderfulitis.Itcan’tbedescribedinwords.
(3)ina/oneword一句话,简言之,总之Inaword,wemusttryourbesttodothework.
(4)getinaword插话(5)leaveword留言(6)haveawordwithsb与…谈谈(7)breakone’sword失信,食言
(8)keepone’sword遵守诺言(9)wordbyword逐字地,一字不变地
10as
(1)conj用作连词可引导时间,原因,让步,比较,方式等状语从句
Ashelookedather,shemadeaface.Ashedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,hegotouthisdictionaryandlookedup.
Hedoesn’tspeakastheotherpeopledo.YoumustdoasItoldyou.Heisnotsodiligentasyou.
Youngasheis,heknowsalot.Child/Studentasheis,hehasagoodknowledgeofhistory.
Asayoungboy,helosthisparentsinthewar.Iwatchedherasshecombedherhair.Ihavechangeditasyousuggested.
IreadtheletterasIwalkedalongtheriver.Asyouweren’tthere,Ileftamessage.Ashehasbeenill,perhapsheneedshelp.
Tryashewould,hecouldn’topenthedoor.Tiredastheywere,theywalkedon.Leavethetableasitis.
(2)作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有such,thesame,as,so与之呼应,构成such…as,so…as,等
We’llmakesuchcomputersasareneededindifferentbranchesofscience.Iwanttobuythesameshoesaswereadvertised.
(3)作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,as指前或后面整个句子的内容。
Asyoucanseeinthemap,thetwocitiesarefarawayfromeachother.Aseverybodyknows,allthatglittersisnotgold.
(4)prep作为Youwillbewelcomedasaherotomorrowmorning.Shetreatshimasherbrother.
JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotinCanada,__thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.
AasBifCwhenDwhere
11adapt
(1)使…适应;使…适合,适应。
一般与to连用adapt(oneself)to,相当于adjust…to
Canyouadaptyourselftothenewjob?
You’dbetteradapttothenewenvironmentassoonaspossible.
Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothenewclimate.Hecouldnotadapthiswayoflifetothecompany.
(2)改编,改写(rewrite)adaptAforB把A改编为BThestorywasadaptedforaTVplay.
Difficultbooksaresometimesadaptedforuseinschools.……以适应学校之用。
adapt…from从…选取/改编Theplayisadaptedfromanovel.ThisnovelhasbeenadaptedforradiofromRussianoriginal.
adapter/adaptor(n)改编者adaptation(n)适应,改编adaptable(adj)能适应的,可改编的
近义词辨析:
adjust强调调整或调节以适应adapt指修改或改变,使某人或某物做些改变以适应新条件,此意时可互换。
Youcan’tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes.把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后,你才能看见。
Ittookherawhiletoadjusttolivingaloneafterthedivorce.Ittookseveralsecondsforhiseyestoadjusttothedark.
You’llquicklyadjustyourselftostudentlife.I’mafraidhecan’tadapttotheideaofhavingawomanashisboss.
12atatime一次Handmetwoatatime.
相关词组:
(1)allthetime一直,始终
(2)manyatime屡次,许多次(3)severaltimes(4)atonetime以前,曾经(5)aheadoftime提前(6)onceuponatime从前(7)haveagoodtime过得愉快
(8)innotime立刻(9)fromtimetotime有时,不时的(10)intime及时(11)ontime按时,准时
(12)atanytime随时,在任何时候(13)forthefirsttime第一次(14)outoftime不合时宜(15)killtime消遣,消磨时光
13including(prep)包括,包含在内,一般用于名词或代词之前;included一般用于名词或代词之后
Weallwentincludingme.Weallwent,meincluded.Sixpeoplewerekilledintheaccident,adriver_____________.
近义词辨析:
contain“包含,含有,装着,盛着”,通常指在一个整体中所包含含有的全部内容,或在一个容器中容纳的全部东西,强调包含的整体内容。
include“包含,包括”指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分内容项目等,强调包含部分。
常用的两种表达方式:
includingsb/sth=sb/sthincluded
Seawatercontainssalt.Yourdutiesincludetypinglettersandansweringthetelephone.
Thepriceincludesboththehouseandfurniture.Theatlascontainsalltheinformation.
14absence(n)不在,缺席,缺少absenceofmind心不在焉,精神恍惚inone’sabsence/intheabsenceofsb在背地里,在某人不在时absent(adj)缺席的absent-minded心不在焉的beabsentfrom不在,缺席
Theyspokeillofthecaptaininhisabsence/intheabsenceofhim.
15until直到…为止,notuntil用于句首时后面的主句要用倒装语序
(1)conj后接时间状语从句,也可用于强调结构。
Peopledon’tknowthevalueofhealthuntiltheyloseit.
NotuntilyoutoldmedidIknowhisdeath.Notuntilhismothercameback,didthelittleboygotobed.
ItwasnotuntilthegovernmenttookmeasuresthatthespreadofAIDSwascontrolled.
(2)prep在肯定句中,与延续性动词连用,意为“直到…为止”;在否定句中与瞬间动词连用,意为“在…之前,不到…就”I’llstayhereuntil/tillnextMonday.Hedidn’tcomeuntillateintheafternoon.(傍晚)
16usedto表示过去经常或持续性的行为,现在已经不再发生。
常用did帮助构成疑问句和否定句,也可用used
Youusedtodrink,usedn’tyou/didn’tyou?
Thereusedtobesometreesinthisfield,usedn’tthere/didn’tthere?
Iusedtoswiminthisriver.Usedyoutoswiminthisriver?
Didyouusetosmokeapipe?
(烟斗)
近义词辨析:
usedto过去常常,指过去的状况,也可指习惯,现在已经停止了,可与be连用。
would多指过去的动作反复,与现在无关。
不与be连用。
Heusedtobeaquietboy.Hewouldsitontheriverbankfishingwhenhewasayoungchild.
相关短语:
(1)beusedtodo被用来做…Bamboocanbeusedtomakepaper.Stampsareusedtosendletters.
(2)be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于Heisnotusedtogettingupearly.I’mnotusedtoeatingthesamefoodeveryday.
(3)beusedfordoingsthStampsareusedforsendingletters.
(4)useup用光,用尽usedup筋疲力尽
17too…to
(1)用来表示否定意义,可用not…enoughto…和so…that来进行句式转换。
Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thechildisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Thechildissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.
(2)too…to句式中,too后接ready,glad,willing,pleased,delighted等形容词时,无否定意义。
Heistoowillingtohelpothers.I’monlytoogladtogohome.
(3)too…to句式中,too前用否定词(never,not)时,表示肯定意义。
Hiscourageisnevertoomuchtobepraised.他的勇气再表扬也不为过。
(4)too…notto..句式表示肯定意义。
Heistoowisenottosolvethisproblem.他非常聪明,必能解决这个问题。
(5)can’t…too表示“无论怎么样……也不过分”Youcan’tbetoocareful.你越小心越好
Onecan’tbetoooldtolearn.___________________。