English Literature 3Word文件下载.docx
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•JohnDonne
ThomasMore（1478-1535）
•HewasLordChancellortoHenryVIII.
•HewasbeheadedbecauseherefusedtorecognizethesupremacyofHenryasheadoftheEnglishChurch.
•Masterpiece:
Utopia（meaningnoplace）,publishedin1516.
SirPhilipSidney（1554-1586）
•Hewasaperfectknightandscholarcourtier.
•Majorworks:
Arcadia（1580）
AstrophelandStella（1580-1584）:
sonnetseries,108inall.
ApologyforPoetry（1579）
EdmundSpencer（1552-1599）
•Thegreatestnon-dramaticpoetoftheElizabethanage.Hewascalled“poets’poet”.TheSpencerianstanza（p.72）.
TheShepherd’sCalendar（1579）
Amoretti（sonnetsequence,89inall）
TheFaerieQueene
ChristopherMarlowe（1564-1593）
•Oneofthe“UniversityWits”.
TamburlainetheGreat（1587）
TheTragicHistoryofDr.Faustus（1592）:
Awilltosearchtheinfiniteworldofknowledgeevenintheexpenseoflife.
（Seeplotsummaryonp.85-86）
ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove
WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）
•TheGreatestwriterinEnglishandoneofthegreatestintheworld.
•“Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.”——BenJonson
•Achievements:
seep.95-97
1.Shakespearerepresentedthetrendofhistoryingivingvoicetothedesiresandaspirationsofthepeople.
2.Shakespeare’shumanism.
3.Shakespeare’scharacterization.
4.Shakespeare’soriginality.
5.Shakespeareasagreatpoet.
6.ShakespeareasmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.
Works:
Poetry
Sonnets（154inall）
ALover’sComplaint
TheRapeofLucrece
VenusandAdonis
FuneralElegybyW.S
Comedy
All'
sWellThatEndsWell
AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜
TheComedyofErrors错误的喜剧
Cymbeline辛柏霖
Love'
sLaboursLost终成眷属
MeasureforMeasure
TheMerryWivesofWindsor温莎的风流娘儿们
TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人
AMidsummerNight'
sDream仲夏夜之梦
MuchAdoAboutNothing无事生非
Pericles,PrinceofTyre
TamingoftheShrew
TheTempest暴风雨
TroilusandCressida
TwelfthNight第十二夜
TwoGentlemenofVerona维洛纳二绅士
Winter'
sTale冬天的故事
History
HenryIV,part1
HenryIV,part2
HenryV
HenryVI,part1
HenryVI,part2
HenryVI,part3
HenryVIII
KingJohn
RichardII
RichardIII
Tragedy
AntonyandCleopatra
Coriolanus
Hamlet
JuliusCaesar
KingLear
Macbeth
Othello
RomeoandJuliet
TimonofAthens
TitusAndronicus
Sonnet18
•Seep.99
•我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？
你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：
狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，
夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：
•天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，
它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：
被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，
没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
•但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，
也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，
或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，
当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。
•只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，
这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。
（梁宗岱译）
Hamlet
•Plotsummary:
kingofDenmarkdied---queenmarriedthenewking,deceasedking’sbrother---ghostinElsinoreCastle---ghosttalktoHamlet---Hamletpretendedtobemad---actorscame---provedking’sguilt---HamletkilledPolonius---kingsentHamlettoEngland---Hamletreturnedalive---kingarrangedaduel---Hamlet,Laertes,queenwerepoisoned,kingwaskilled
ActIII,Scene1
Seep.156
•是生，还是死，问题就在这里：
•哪一种做法更高贵可取，
•是忍受厄运投射的矢石，
•还是拔剑杀向无边恨海，
•一拼了之：
死去，睡去，
•了却一切？
若一觉睡去，
•得以了却心头之恨
•和肉体带来的千般苦，
•那可是馨香以求的归宿。
•死去睡去，或许又入梦；
•唉，麻烦就出在这里，
•想到摆脱了人世的纷扰，
•在长眠中可能梦到什么，
•我们就踌躇。
是这一缘故
•使得人生苦难如此长命：
•一个人若仅用一把匕首
•就结清了身前身后之账，
•谁又愿忍受那世态炎凉、
•压迫者的欺负、傲慢者的白眼、
•失恋的痛苦、正义的迟误、
•官吏的骄横、还有那小人
•对宽让君子的侮辱？
•谁愿身背愁苦生活的包袱，
•呻吟、流汗，要不是因为
•对死后情况，对那不为人知、
•行客一入不返国度的恐惧？
•于是我们意志消沉，宁可忍受
•前已有的困苦，也不逃往
•其他我们不了解的困境。
•这样，理智使我们都成为懦夫，
•这样，我们血气方刚的本色
•便蒙上一层思虑的惨白病容，
•轰轰烈烈的各番事业
•由此便偃旗息鼓，白白断送。
FrancisBacon（1561-1626）p.196
•Englishphilosopher,statesman,scientist,lawyer,juristandauthor.
•Essays（1597,1625）
JohnDonne（1572-1631）
•Metaphysicalpoet,preacher.
•Works:
religioussermonsandpoems.
Style:
1.Intensefeeling
2.Dartingthought
3.Vasterudition
4.Conceit（别出心裁的比喻）:
love---apoisonousspider,cannonball,pike;
heart---fry;
lovers---feetofcompass
AValediction:
ForbiddingMourning
•Seep.192
•Meterandrhyme
Thepoemcontainsninequantrainsofiambictetrameter（四步抑扬格）.Therhymeschemeofeachquantrainisabab.
ABriefGuidetoMetaphysicalPoetry
•Theterm"
metaphysical,"
asappliedtoEnglishandcontinentalEuropeanpoetsoftheseventeenthcentury,wasusedbyAugustanpoetsJohnDrydenandSamuelJohnsontoreprovethosepoetsfortheir"
unnaturalness."
AsGoethewrote,however,"
theunnatural,thattooisnatural,"
andthemetaphysicalpoetscontinuetobestudiedandreveredfortheirintricacyandoriginality.
•JohnDonne,alongwithsimilarbutdistinctpoetssuchasGeorgeHerbert,AndrewMarvell,andHenryVaughn,developedapoeticstyleinwhichphilosophicalandspiritualsubjectswereapproachedwithreasonandoftenconcludedinparadox.Thisgroupofwritersestablishedmeditationasapoeticmode.
•ThemetaphysicalpoetswereeclipsedintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesbyromanticandVictorianpoets,buttwentiethcenturyreadersandscholars,seeinginthemetaphysicalsanattempttounderstandpressingpoliticalandscientificupheavals,engagedthemwithrenewedinterest.Inhisessay"
TheMetaphysicalPoets,"
T.S.Eliot,inparticular,sawinthisgroupofpoetsacapacityfor"
devouringallkindsofexperience."
BenJonson（1572-1637）
•Dramatist,poet.
•Poems:
SongtoCelia（p.198）
TotheMemoryofMyBelovedMasterWilliamShakespeare
RobertHerrick（1591-1674）
•Cavalierpoet
•Theme:
carpediem（seizetheday）
e.g.TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTime
（p.200）cf.
金缕衣
（唐）杜秋娘
劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时。
花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。
（女人花）
AndrewMarvell（1621-1678）
•Metaphysicalpoet
TheGarden
ToHisCoyMistress
ToHisCoyMistress
•Hadwebutworldenough,andtime,
Thiscoyness,Lady,werenocrime
Wewouldsitdownandthinkwhichway
Towalkandpassourlonglove'
sday.
ThoubytheIndianGanges'
side
Shouldstrubiesfind:
Ibythetide
OfHumberwouldcomplain.Iwould
LoveyoutenyearsbeforetheFlood,
Andyoushould,ifyouplease,refuse
TilltheconversionoftheJews.
•Myvegetableloveshouldgrow
Vasterthanempires,andmoreslow;
Anhundredyearsshouldgotopraise
Thineeyesandonthyforeheadgaze;
Twohundredtoadoreeachbreast,
Butthirtythousandtotherest;
Anageatleasttoeverypart,
Andthelastageshouldshowyourheart.
For,Lady,youdeservethisstate,
NorwouldIloveatlowerrate.
•ButatmybackIalwayshear
Time'
swingè
dchariothurryingnear;
Andyonderallbeforeuslie
Desertsofvasteternity.
Thybeautyshallnomorebefound,
Nor,inthymarblevault,shallsound
Myechoingsong:
thenwormsshalltry
Thatlongpreservedvirginity,
Andyourquainthonourturntodust,
Andintoashesallmylust:
Thegrave'
safineandprivateplace,
Butnone,Ithink,dothereembrace.
•Nowtherefore,whiletheyouthfulhue
Sitsonthyskinlikemorningdew,
Andwhilethywillingsoultranspires
Ateveryporewithinstantfires,
Nowletussportuswhilewemay,
Andnow,likeamorousbirdsofprey,
Ratheratonceourtimedevour
Thanlanguishinhisslow-chaptpower.
•Letusrollallourstrengthandall
Oursweetnessupintooneball,
Andtearourpleasureswithroughstrife
Throughtheirongatesoflife:
Thus,thoughwecannotmakeoursun
Standstill,yetwewillmakehimrun.
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