基于80C51单片机的经纬度定位显示装置设计中英翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

基于80C51单片机的经纬度定位显示装置设计中英翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Keyword:

GPS,Locating,RTK,Layout,Survey

1.Background

The50s,theformerU.S.S.Rhasnotlaunchedhumanitiesfirstartificialearthsatellite,the

Americanscientistsinalongitstrackresearchin,haddiscoveredtheDopplershiftphenomenon,

andhasfacilitatedDopplersatellitenavigationposi-tioningsystemcompletingusingthis

principle,hasobtainedtheenormoussuccessinthemilitaryandtheciviaspect,wasina

navigationlocalizationhistoryleap,ourcountryoncehasalsointroducedmanyDopplerreceiver,

appliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoontheappliedtotheisland

associationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoonthedomain.ButbecauseDopplersatellite

orbithighlylow,signal-carrierfrequencylow,thetrackprecisionenhanceswithdifficulty,causes

thepointingaccuracylowly,satisfiesthegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyrequest,ismore

impossibletouseintheastronomyEarthdynamicsresearch.Inordertoenhancethesatellite

positioningtheprecision,USstartedfrom1973toprepareforconstructionglobalpositioning

systemGPS（GlobalPositioningSystem.Afterhasenteredtheplanproof,thesystemtest

stage,startedin1989tolaunchtheofficialworksatellite,andcompletelycompletedin1994,

investmentuse.TheGPSsystemspaceartiallyiscomposedbytwentyonesatellites,evenly

distributesinsixorbit,thegroundlevelis20,000Kilometers,theinclinationoforbitis55,theflat

heartrateapproximatelyis0,theweekcontractis12hours,thesatellitetotheearthlaunchingtwo

wavebandsintelligencesignals,theintelligencesignalfrequencyrespectivelyis1575.442mega

cyclespersecond（theL2waveband,onthesatellitehasinstalledtheprecisionveryhighatomic

clock,guaranteesthefrequencythestability,modulatesinthecarrierhastheexpressionsatellite

positionthebroadcaststarexperience,useintherangefinderC/AcodeandPyard,aswellad

othersysteminformation,canintheglobalscope,towillfullymulti-userprovidethehigh

accuracy,all-weather,iscontinual,real-timethreedimensionalmeasuresfast,thethree

dimensionallocalizationandthetimeservice.

TheGPSsystemcontrolsectionbyislocatedintheAmericanfoundationsofthestates5monitoringstationstobecomposed,thesestanddidnotaskbreaksCarriesontheobservationtoGPSsatellite,andwillcalculateandtheforecastinformationbytheinfusionstandsrenewstothesatelliteinformation.

TheGPSsystemuserisextremelycovert,itisonekindofone-waysystem,theuseronlyreceivesbutdoesnotneedthetransmittingmessage,andthereforeuser'

squantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSistheunificationstartsis,butveryquantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSreceiverandprocessingsoftwareemergeinabundance.AtpresentthereceiverwhichappearsintheChinesemarketmainlyhasROGUE,ASHTECH,TRIMBLE,LEICA,SOKKIA,TOPCONandsoon..Cancarryontheobservationtotwofrequenciesthereceivertobecalledthedoublefrequencyreceiver,onlycancarryontheobservationtoafrequencythereceivertobecometheinference.Saysregardingthemappinguser,GPShascausedtherevolutionarychangeinthemappingdomain,atpresent,inthescopeseveralthousandkilometerscontrolsnetwork,intheprecisionfromhundredtothemillimeterlevellocalization,generallyallGPStookthefirstchoicemethod,isdaybydaymaturealongwiththeRTKtechnology,GPSstartedtodecimeterandevenacentimeterlevellayout,domainseepageandsoonhighaccuracydynamiclocalization.

TheinternationalGPSgeodeticsurveyservedIGSwithEarthdynamicsfrom1992,hasestablishedmanydatastorageandtheprocessingcenterinthewholeworld,yeartoyearobservedastationwithhundred,ourcountryhasalsosetupShanghaiYuShan,Wuhan,Xian,Taiwanandsoonmanyyeartoyearmeasuringplatformsstation,thesestationsobservationdatapassedoneverydaythroughtheinternetnettoUS'

Sdatastoragecenter,IGSalsonearlyreal-timesynthesizesvariousdataprocessingcentertheresult,andtheparticipantinternationalearthrotationservedtheIERSglobalcoordinatesreferencesystemmaintenanceandtheearthrotationparameterissue.Theuseralsomayfreeon-lineobtainproductandsoonobservationdataandprecisestarexperiencefrominternet.

TheGPSsystemreal-timenavigationpointingisveryhigh,UShasimplementedtheso-calledSApolicyin1992,namelyreducesthebroadcaststartoundergothestarpositionprecision,reducesthestarclocktochangethepositivenumbertheprecision,addsonthehighfrequencyvibrationtothesatellitedatumfrequency（tocausefalsedistancemeasuringaccuracytoreducewithphase,latterhasimplementedtheA-Spolicy,soonPyardchangeisYyardnamelyfurtherlimitstotheprecisefalsedistancesurvey,butAmericanmilitaryandspecialpermissionusernotthesepolicesinfluences,butUSinordertoobtainthebiggercommercialinterest,thesepolicyendsarecancelled.

2.GPSlocalizationprincipal

TheGPSreceivermayreceiveanduseinthetimeserviceaccuratelytothenanosecondleveltimeinformation;

willuseintoforecastthefutureforseveralmonthsthesatellitetolocatethesummarypositionforecaststarexperience;

Usesincalculateswhenthelocalizationtoneedthesatellitecoordinatesthebroadcaststarexperience,theprecisionis（eachsatelliteisdifferentseveralmetertoseveraldozensmeters~changesasnecessary;

AswellasGPSsysteminformation,likesatelliteconditionandsoon.

TheGPSreceivermayobtainthesatellitesigntothecodetothereceiverdistance,becauseincludesthereceiversatelliteclocktheerrorandtheatmospherepropagatederror,thereforeiscalledthefalsedistance.ThefalsedistanceobtainswhichtotheOAcodeiscalledtheUAcodefalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout20meters,obtainsthefalsedistancetoPyardtobecalledPyardfalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout2meters.

TheGPSreceivertothesatellitesignalwhichreceives,carriesonthedecodingorusesothertechnologies,willmodulateafterthecarriertheinformationremoves,willbeallowedtorestorethecarrier.Strictsays,thecarrierphaseshouldbecalledthecarrierbeatfrequencyphase,itisreceivesproducestheDopplershiftinfluencesatellitesignalcarrierphaseandreceiverthismachinevibrationdifferenceofthesignalphase.GenerallyexperienceYuantimewhichdeterminedinthereceiverclocksurveyed,maintainstothesatellitesignaltrackunder,mayrecordthephasechangevalue,butstartstimetheobservationreceiverandthesatelliteoscillatorphasechangevalueisdoesnotknow,namelymistydegreeofwholeweek,onlycancalculateinthedataprocessingastheparametersolution.Phaseobservationvalueprecisionhightomillimeter,butthepremiseissolvesmistydegreeofwholeweek,thereforeonlyhaswhentherelativelocalization,andhasasectioncontinuouslyobservesthevaluecanusethephaseobservationvalue,butmustachievemetersdowntothemillimeterlevelalsoonlytobeabletousethephaseobservationvalue.

Accordingtothelocatemode,theGPSlocalizationdividesintothesimplepointlocalizationandtherelativelocalization（differencelocalization.Thesimplepointlocalizationisaccordingtoareceiverobservationdatadeterminedthereceiverpositiontheway,itonlycanusethefalsedistanceviewsurvey,mayuseinChefChuanandsoonthesummarynavigationlocalization.Therelativelocalization（differencelocalizationisaccordingtotwoabovereceiversobservationdatadeterminedbetweentheobservationpointtherelativepositionmethod,italreadymayusethefalsedistanceviewsurveyalsotobepossibletousethephaseviewsurvey,thegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyshouldusethephaseobservationvaluetocarryontherelativelocalization.HascontainedthesatelliteandreceiverZhongChai,theatmosphericdisseminationintheGPSviewsurveyretards,errorandsoonmultiparteffect,whenlocalizationerrortheinfluence,whencarriesontherelativelocalizationthemajorityofpublicerrorsarecounterbalancedorweaken,

thereforethepointingaccuracygreatlywillenhance,thedoublefrequencyreceiverwillbeallowedtoactaccordingtotwofrequenciesintheviewsurveycounterbalanceatmospheretheionosphere-patherrormainpart,willrequesthighintheprecision,betweenthereceiverthedistancewi11befartherwhen（atmospherewillhaveobviousdifference,willbesupposedtoselectthedoublefrequencyreceiver.

Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiverisoppositetotheearthssurfacemovement,theniscalledthedynamiclocalization,likeusesinsummarynavigationlocalizationtheandsoonChefChuanprecisionis30-100meterfalsedistancesimplepointlocalization,eitherusesinthecityvehiclesnavigationlocalizationricelevelprecisionfalsedistancedifferencelocalization（RTK,thereal-timedifferencelocalizationneedsthedatachainreal-timetransmitstwoormanystationsobservationdatacalculatestogether.

Whenlocalizationobservation,if