高中英语科普类文阅读技巧Word格式文档下载.docx

高中英语科普类文阅读技巧Word格式文档下载.docx

《高中英语科普类文阅读技巧Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语科普类文阅读技巧Word格式文档下载.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

阅读科普文章，要注意把握好两个层面的目标和要求：

一是科学与人文的层面。

也可以说是科学的人文性。

从科学中吸取智慧与力量，体会求实的科学态度和勇于探索创新的科学精神。

另一个是知识和能力的层面。

要根据科学小品这一体裁的特点，学会筛选并整合文中有用信息，把握作者的写作思路，重点研习将抽象内容说明得具体生动的技巧。

二、基本要求

1、理清说明顺序。

主要有空间、时间、逻辑顺序。

逻辑顺序又包含从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到局部、从概括到具体、从总说到分说、从现象到本质、从特点到用途等。

在段落中尽量找到表示说明顺序的显著的语言标志。

（一）（2011•全国卷Ⅱ）

Forthosewhostudythedevelopmentofintelligence（智力）intheanimalworld，selfawarenessisanimportantmeasurement.Ananimalthatisaware（意识）ofitselfhasahighlevelofintelligence.

Awarenesscanbetestedbystudyingwhethertheanimalrecognizesitselfinthemirror,thatis，itsownreflectedimage（反射出的影像）.Manyanimalsfailthisexercisebitterly,payingverylittleattentiontothereflectedimage.Onlyhumans,andsomeintelligentanimalslike

3．WhatmadeHappydifferentfromMaxineandPatty?

A．Sheusedhernosetosearchbehindthemirror.

B．Sherecognizedherownimageinthemirror.

C．Shepaintedamarkonherownface.

D．Shefoundthehiddencamera.

答案与解析

1.B　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句可知，通过研究动物是否在镜子中识别自己可以测试它们的自我意识。

2.D　推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因为它们和人一样可以识别镜中自己的形象，是人们已知的有智力的动物；

再根据第三段，一个亚洲象也通过了该测试，也加入到有智力的行列里，故选D项。

3.B　细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段，三个大象中只有Happy通过了镜子测试，也就是说只有她能识别镜中自己的形象，因此这是她有别于其他大象的地方，故选B项。

（二）（2011•江苏高考）

AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills（seepicture）totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.

Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld'

sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine（涡轮发电机）.Althoughitusesafairlystandard152ton,2.3megawattturbine, 

Hywind 

represents 

totally 

newtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar（seepicture）,atechnologyHywind'

screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables（缆索）;

thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind'

sstability（稳定性）inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.

Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit'

sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar'

scentreofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean'

ssurface.Todothat,thecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox（变速箱）sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades（seepicture）．

Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwindfarmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deepseafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmillaseyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet'

ssurfacetooneofthebestlowcarbonpowersourcesavailable.

1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof________.

A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloor

B.thesparwhichisfloatingindeepseawater

C.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawind

D.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface

2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting________.

A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartop

C.atsealevelD.behindtheblades

3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan________.

A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmills

B.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbines

C.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblems

D.explorelowcarbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea

根据第二段倒数第三句可知，该工程采用了全新的技术，是为了确保漂浮在深海水域中的圆材的保持稳定。

2.C　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句可知，为了使较大的涡轮发电机能在圆材上保持平衡，公司计划设计新的发电机，其变速箱在海平面上。

3.D　细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知，深海风能技术的广泛应用会在海洋上开发出可使用的最好的低碳能源之一。

（三）（2011•山东高考）

Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Braincomputerinterface（BCI）technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.

Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated（展示）asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson'

sthoughts.

Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.

“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord（脊髓）tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles.”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”

Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp（头皮）andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.

Prof.Millan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:

communication,andcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”

Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.

1．BCIisatechnologythatcan________.

A.helptoupdatecomputersystems

B.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputers

C.helpthedisabledtorecover

D.controlaperson'

sthoughts

2．HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?

A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.

B.Bytalkingtothemachine.

C.Bymovinghishand.

D.Byusinghismind.

3．WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?

A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair

B.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair

C.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair

D.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair

4．Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto________.

A.makeprofitsfromthem

B.provethetechnologyusefultothem

C.makethemlivelonger

D.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition

5．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenter

B.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorks

C.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabled

D.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries

根据第一段可知，自20世纪70年代以来，科学家一直寻找途径能将人脑与电脑相连。

BCI技术能帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。

故此处B项正确。

而C项只是部分正确，虽然能帮助残疾人，但却不能帮他们康复。

2.D　细节理解题。

根据第三段可知Tavella只是思考动他的左右手就能操作这个轮椅。

甚至当他观察这台机器时就能进行交流，也能用他的思想指导机器人工作。

因此机器人是在人脑的思想支配下进行工作的。

故D项正确。

3.C　细节理解题。

根据第五段可知，首先研究人员为用户设计一种特殊的帽子，它会捕捉头皮发出的信号并将其传给电脑。

电脑将这些信号进行分析翻译，给监控下的机器人轮椅发出指令。

机器人轮椅装有两部摄像头能识别信号路径中的物体，从而帮助电脑对人脑的指令作出反应。

故此处C项正确。

4．B　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句“Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom”可知，在患者身上进行实验是他们团队工作的一个目标，旨在证明这项技术对他们有益。

故正确答案选B项。

5.C　主旨大意题。

本文为科技说明文，开篇点题。

介绍科学家研究的这项新技术BCI，对残疾人大有裨益。

故正确答案为C项。

（四）（2011•安徽高考）

Thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources（来源）,aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills（风车）begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s,whenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.

Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind（磨碎） 

wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.

Duringthe 

1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercosts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.

1．Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills________.

A．wereinventedbyEuropeanarmies

B．haveahistoryofmorethan2,800years

C．usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareas

D．haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered

2．Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?

A．Sailingaboat.

B．Producingelectricity.

C．Grindingwheatintoflour.

D．Pumpingwaterfromunderground.

3．Oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat________.

A．windpoweriscleaner

B．itisoneoftheoldestpowersources

C．itwascheaper