技案 004 号临时钢栈桥静载试验施工方案Word文件下载.docx
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临时钢栈桥静载试验施工方案
我方已完成临时钢栈桥的全部施工工作,根据相关规程要求,对桥梁承载力进行评定,而对桥梁进行荷载试验是桥梁鉴定的一个重要手段。
我方准备对桥梁作静载试验。
临时钢栈桥设计荷载标准为汽车-20级,挂-100,人群荷载3.5KN/m2。
计算荷载跨中弯矩为546KN.m,1/4弯矩处为439.5KN.m,计算跨径为10m。
冲击系数1.2625。
试验计划时间在11月10日,主要还是要看桥墩台帽混凝土的强度,一般要达到75%以上,再进行试验。
1、静载试验的测试内容(一跨)
根据现场实际情况,选取钢栈右岸第一跨桥梁做为试验对象。
1)钢栈桥45B工字钢钢结构的竖向挠度。
2)记录控制截面的应力分布,并取得加载时和卸载后的变形值。
沿截面高度布置5个测点两端支点各一个测点,梁中间一个测点。
3)观察每跨工字钢在桥台上下游位移量。
2、加载方案设计
静载试验一般有一个主要内力控制截面,按设计荷载计算检测断面的理论最大内力和变位值,确定试验荷载(载重25t,总重40T)位置和数量,并按式
(1)计算静载试验效率ηq。
ηq=Sa/S(1+μ)
(1)
其中,Sa为试验荷载作用下控制截面内力计算值;
S为控制荷载作用下控制截面最不利内力计算值;
μ为冲击系数;
ηq应在0.80~1.05之间,通常选用ηq的上限值。
加载分阶段进行:
(1)预载阶段加载程序为:
0→1t→0.5P→P→0
(2)设计荷载阶段加载程序为:
0→1t→0.2P→0.4P→0.6P→0.8P→P→0.5P→0。
注:
P为加载重量。
3、 测点布置
正确选择检测断面及测点位置是桥梁静载试验成功的关键。
应力应变的测点布设在前面所述加载方案主要内力控制截面,同时根据上部结构的横截面形式在每一个控制截面上选取一些有代表性的测点,用以反映整个控制截面的受力状况具体测点布置见上述测试内容。
4、加载时间
稳定的时间从晚上7:
00到次日中午12:
00。
一般情况下,试验时每组荷载持续时间按15分钟执行,然后进行观测。
卸载后观测残余变形、就应的时间间隔按30分钟考虑。
5、加载过过程有以下情况要终止
(1)应变急剧增大。
(2)控制测点的应变或挠度超过规范允许值。
6、现场测试
现场测试是最后一项工作,它是对前期准备工作的检验,能否取得准确的数据也与现场试验是否顺利息息相关。
在试验过程中按照加载方案严密监视重要测点的数据,如有异常应立即停止试验,查明原因。
观测项目主要是梁在各级荷载下的挠度变形。
梁的挠度用全站仪测定。
测点设置在跨中、支点处。
7、试验数据的整理与分析
校验系数η是确定桥梁承载能力的一个重要指标。
一般要求η≤1。
η值越小,桥梁结构的安全储备和承载能力越大。
η值
按式
(2)计算:
η=Se/Ss
(2)
其中,Se为试验荷载作用下的实测变位值(或应变值);
Ss为
试验荷载作用下的理论计算变位值(或应变值)。
8、试验配合的机械设备、材料、仪器、人员
临时钢栈桥静载试验所需配合设备、仪器、人员如下:
(1)机械设备有挖机一部CAT330或现代215,装载机一部,15T自卸车两部,
(2)仪器:
测量仪器,莱卡402
(3)人员:
生产经理一名,技术员两名,观测人员两名,记录员一名,司机三名。
图表-1设备、材料、仪器表
序号
名称
型号
单位
数量
备注
1
挖掘机
CAT320
台
2
装载机
ZL-50
3
自卸汽车
斯泰尔15T
部
4
水泥30T
5
全站仪
莱卡402
6
7
图表-2人员表
生产副经理
个
技术员
观测员
记录员
测量员
(英文版)
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