English Newspapers and Magazines Reading 期末复习Word文件下载.docx

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English Newspapers and Magazines Reading 期末复习Word文件下载.docx

thesportspage运动栏

literarycriticism文艺评论

obituarynotice讣闻

publicnotice公告

classifiedad分类广告

NewspaperClassifications

1.time:

(1)daily(日报)

(2)Sunday(星期日报)

(3)weekly(周刊)(4)semi-weekly(半周刊)

(5)biweekly(双周刊)/fortnightly半月刊

(6)morningpaper(晨报)eveningpaper晚报

(7)eveningpaper(晚报)

2.popularity:

(1)themostinfluential

(2)moreinfluential

(3)popular

3.region:

(1)national

(2)regional

Magazine/PeriodicalsClassification

periodical期刊

magazine杂志

weekly周刊

Fortnightly半月刊

monthly月刊

bimonthly双月刊

quarterly季刊

annual年刊

BritishNewspapers’Classification

Accordingtothestyleandcontent:

1.Quality质量类

2.Popular通俗类

3.Midmarket中间市场类

1.Quality(broadsheets大开张):

isusedtodescribenewspaperswhichweremainlyfoundedbefore1896.Theyfollowthetraditionofthejournalsofthe18thcenturyandearly19thcenturyandcontainpolitical,industrial,financialandculturalnewsintheU.K.andinternationalnewsaswell.Theypublishlengthyarticlesandhaveanundramaticdesign.

InBritaintodaytherearefournationwidequalitypapers:

theTimes,theDailyTelegraph,theGuardian,andtheIndependent.

2.Popular:

ThepopularnationalnewspapersaremainlyrepresentedbynewspapersfoundedafterthelaunchingoftheDailyMailin1896.Mostofthemsellmorethanamillioncopiesaday.Theyarelargelytabloids(小报,通俗小报),halfthesizeofwhichwerecompressedintopills.Theypublishsensational(哗众取宠的)storiestoexcitethereaderandhaveenormouscirculations.

3.Mid-market:

attemptstocatertoreaderswhowantsomeentertainmentvaluefromtheirnewspaperaswellassufficientcoverageofsignificantnewsevents

thehalfwaypointofathree-levelcontinuumofjournalisticseriousness;

upmarketnewspapersgenerallycoverhardnewsanddown-marketnewspapersfavorsensationaliststories.

UK:

DailyMailandtheDailyExpress(distinguishablebytheirblack-topmasthead,asopposedtothetabloids'

red-topmastheads)

US:

USAToday,theChicagoSun-Times,theNewYorkDailyNews

Themainstreamnewsagency-1

AFP(AgenceFrancePresse)法新社法国

AP(AssociatedPress)美联社美国

CP(CanadaPress)加拿大通讯社加拿大

KNS(KyodoNewsService)共同社日本

Themainstreamnewsagency-2

Reuters(Reuter’sNewsAgency)路透社英国

TASS(TelegraphAgencyoftheSovietUnion)塔斯社俄罗斯

UPI(UnitedPressInternational)合众国际社美国

XinhuaNewsAgency新华社中国

CategoriesofNews

Newsfallsintobasiccategories:

hardnews&

softnews

“Hardnews”includes:

storiesofatimelynatureabouteventsorconflictsthathavejusthappenedorareabouttohappen,suchascrimes,fires,meetings,protestrallies,speechesandtestimonyincourtcases.

Thesestorieshaveimmediacy.

“Softnews”isdefinedas:

newsthatentertainsorinforms,withanemphasisonhumaninterest(人情味)andnovelty(新奇)andlessimmediacythanhardnews.

eg.astoryabouttheeffectivenessofdiets

HardNewsSoftNews

features(特写)

personalprofile

(人物特写)

anecdote(趣事;

轶事)

“Softnews”canalsobestoriesthatfocusonpeople,placesorissuesthataffectreaders’lives.Thesetypesofstoriesarecalled“featurestories.”

eg.thegrowingnumberofbabiessufferingfromAIDS

Itisn’tlessimportantthanhardnews,butitisn’tnewsthathappenedovernight.

Classification

Accordingtothecontentandform:

Hardnews

Softnews

ThreeCommonTypesofNewsStructure

✧TheInvertedPyramidForm

✧TheChampagne-glassStructure

✧TheWallStreetJournalStructure

 

报刊英语的总体特色

(P5)

LexicalFeatures

派生词(Derivatives,P29)

缩略词(Clippingword,P35)

拼缀词(blending,P117)

LexicalFeatures

CondensedWords/MidgetWords(小词)

Eg.

[1]AidforTsunamiVictims

援助海啸受害者(aid代替assist)

[2]ChinaVowstoEnsureFood,DrugSafety

中国决心确保食品药物的安全(vow代替determine)

NewWordsConstantlyAppear

Eg.

[1]China’sfirsttaikonautsafelyreturnstoearth.

[2]Linsanity:

isanewslangwordthatisacombinationofJeremyLin’snameandthewordinsanity,whichmeanscraziness.Linsanitydescribesthesuddenglobalinterestinthisnewstarwho,weeksbeforeLinsanitybegan,wasworriedhewouldbereleasedfromhisteambecausehewasn’tgoodenough.

NewWordsConstantlyAppear

[3]ThispastJune,Congressauthorized$2millioninseedmoney(启动资金)forafund-raisingcampaign.

[4]Toughnewantiterrorism(反恐法)lawsareoverridingfundamentalcivilrightsandliberties,andracialprofilingisnowofficialpolicepolicy.

LoanedWords(借代词)

Eg.[1]HongKongexpectsbullrun.

香港经济渴望回升。

[2]WashingtonandMoscowstilldominatearmsmarket.

美国和俄罗斯仍控制着军火市场。

[3]$227BillionTaxonCrudeOilIsClearedbyHill.

原油征税2270亿美元,已获国会通过。

VagueWords(模糊词)

-about,probably,many,moreorless,roughly,somewhat,basically,almost,inasense,relatively,commonly,etc.

Eg.Atleast35peopleperishedlastweekwhenatruckeruptedinflamesdeepinsidetheMontBlanetunnelthatlinksFranceandItaly.Thefirequicklyengulfedsome30othervehiclesandburnedfortwodaysbeforefirefightersfinallyputitout.(Newsweek,April5,1999)

SlangyWordsandExpressionsandCommonSayings

Eg

[1]TheBMW’sLuxurycarsstealtheshowinNYC.

宝马的豪华汽车在纽约引人注目。

stealthescene/show:

attractthemostattentionandpraise(esp.unexpectedly)

[2]USwarplanesrainedbombsonKandahar.

美国战机倾盆暴雨般地轰炸坎达哈。

[3]Germaninsurancegiantsettoaxe700jobs.

德国最大保险公司计划裁员700。

GrammaticalFeatures

前置定语(pre-modificationattribute,P47)

嵌入结构(built-instructure,P90)

RhetoricalFeatures

请列出你所知道的修辞格。

修辞格(figuresofspeech)是修辞学中的重要组成部分.

16世纪,英文中的修辞格分类达到了184个

修辞格的分类:

形式类修辞格:

对正常表达方式中惯用的词汇排序或句子结构的偏离

意义类修辞格:

对正常表达方式中词语的原有意义的偏离

对照并列类(schemesofbalance)

排比、对照、倒装、反复

节略类(schemesofomission)

省略

反复类(schemesofrepetition)

重复(词法,句法,音韵)

Eg.

Butwhetheradditionaltaxbreaksarewarranted–ontopofaccelerateddepreciationforbusinessequipment,ontopofresearchanddevelopmenttaxcredits,ontopofimmediatedeductionsofinvestmentcostsforsmallbusiness--issomethingthatthecongressoughttoconsidercarefullybeforeitacts.

词义修辞格(semanticrhetoricaldevices)

词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。

simile(明喻),metaphor(隐喻、借喻),allusion(暗引),

metonymy(借代),

euphemism(委婉语),

pun(双关),

personification(拟人),

Hyperbole(夸张),

irony(反语),

oxymoron,contrast(矛盾修辞法)

Simile&

Metaphor(P136)

Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrails.

这些人犹如街上的有轨电车,满足于在自己的轨道上运行。

(明喻)

Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.

经验为智慧之母。

(隐喻)  

Sheissheddingcrocodiletears.

她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。

(借喻)

toteachfishtoswim班门弄斧

Theboomersarenoarmy.Theysurelydon'

tmarchtoasingledrumbeat.(Lesson1)

From1880to1930,employersandworkersengagedinafierceandsometimesbloodytugofwarbetweenproductionneeds,pressuresandworkschedules.(Lesson13)

…thathavebeenhardesthitbythedeclineinmanufacturingarealsoelectoralbattlegrounds.(Lesson14)

Allusion(典故P192)

GrammarmaybehisheelofAchilles.语法是他的大弱点。

Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。

除了脚踵处,他身上其他地方刀枪不入。

Whenyou’vegotthatbirdinthehandandyoudon’treallyknowifthegrassisgreenerontheotherside,itmakesyouthink,maybeIshouldhangouthere.(Lesson10)

Euphemism/cosmeticwords(P68)

amaintenanceengineer(Lesson13)

financialtsunami

死亡:

go,depart,departfromtheworldforever,passaway,bewithGod,beinheaven,gotoabetterworld,payone’sdebttonature,

上洗手间:

torelieveoneself,toanswerthenaturecall,topowderone’snose

失业:

unemployed,laid-off,involuntarilyleisured,betweenjobs

“downsized”(Lesson1)

贫穷:

“AtfirstIwaspoor,thenIbecameneedy,laterIwasunderprivileged,NowI’mdisadvantaged.Istilldon’thaveacenttomyname,butIsurehaveagreatvocabulary.”

FromLanguageandCulture邓炎昌,刘润青

借代/Metonymy(P104)

Thebabywasbroughtuponthebottle.

这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的.

AwhaleshipwasmyYaleCollegeandmyHarvard.

-especiallyinanelectionseasoninwhichstateswithadisproportionateshareofmanufacturingjobsareamongthosenotclearlyredorblue.(Lesson14)

ButthathadnotstoppedsomeCapitolHillopponentsfromtryingtoblockthechange..(Lesson13)

Pun(双关)

Whatdoesthatlawyerdoafterhedies?

--Liestill.

那个律师死后干什么?

—躺着仍说鬼话。

Ifwedon’thangtogether,we’llhangseparately.

我们如果不抱成一团,就会被挨个儿吊死。

AiringGrievances(Lesson9)

Personification拟人

SheisthefavouredchildofFortune.

ManufacturingistheproblemchildoftheUSeconomy.(Lesson14)

Whenthesubjectisglobalwarming,Americaisusuallycastasthevillain.(Lesson9)

RhetoricalQuestions

O,Wind,ifwintercomes,canspring’befarbehind?

(P.B.Shelly)

Isthiscauseforconcern?

Someeconomistsdon’tthinkso.(Lesson14)

Yetthesetwoprofiledcouplesarecalledbabyboomers–partofonegeneration.Doesthatmakeanysense?

(Lesson1)

NoideaforfixingSocialSecurityiswithoutdrawbacks.(Lesson3)

Qualitydatingtakestime.Testtheemotionalwatersfirst.(Lesson4)Allusion

Frankensteinfoods(Lesson17)

Don'

tactinarelationship.There'

snopayoffforfakingthedating/matingp

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