English Newspapers and Magazines Reading 期末复习Word文件下载.docx
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thesportspage运动栏
literarycriticism文艺评论
obituarynotice讣闻
publicnotice公告
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NewspaperClassifications
1.time:
(1)daily(日报)
(2)Sunday(星期日报)
(3)weekly(周刊)(4)semi-weekly(半周刊)
(5)biweekly(双周刊)/fortnightly半月刊
(6)morningpaper(晨报)eveningpaper晚报
(7)eveningpaper(晚报)
2.popularity:
(1)themostinfluential
(2)moreinfluential
(3)popular
3.region:
(1)national
(2)regional
Magazine/PeriodicalsClassification
periodical期刊
magazine杂志
weekly周刊
Fortnightly半月刊
monthly月刊
bimonthly双月刊
quarterly季刊
annual年刊
BritishNewspapers’Classification
Accordingtothestyleandcontent:
1.Quality质量类
2.Popular通俗类
3.Midmarket中间市场类
1.Quality(broadsheets大开张):
isusedtodescribenewspaperswhichweremainlyfoundedbefore1896.Theyfollowthetraditionofthejournalsofthe18thcenturyandearly19thcenturyandcontainpolitical,industrial,financialandculturalnewsintheU.K.andinternationalnewsaswell.Theypublishlengthyarticlesandhaveanundramaticdesign.
InBritaintodaytherearefournationwidequalitypapers:
theTimes,theDailyTelegraph,theGuardian,andtheIndependent.
2.Popular:
ThepopularnationalnewspapersaremainlyrepresentedbynewspapersfoundedafterthelaunchingoftheDailyMailin1896.Mostofthemsellmorethanamillioncopiesaday.Theyarelargelytabloids(小报,通俗小报),halfthesizeofwhichwerecompressedintopills.Theypublishsensational(哗众取宠的)storiestoexcitethereaderandhaveenormouscirculations.
3.Mid-market:
attemptstocatertoreaderswhowantsomeentertainmentvaluefromtheirnewspaperaswellassufficientcoverageofsignificantnewsevents
thehalfwaypointofathree-levelcontinuumofjournalisticseriousness;
upmarketnewspapersgenerallycoverhardnewsanddown-marketnewspapersfavorsensationaliststories.
UK:
DailyMailandtheDailyExpress(distinguishablebytheirblack-topmasthead,asopposedtothetabloids'
red-topmastheads)
US:
USAToday,theChicagoSun-Times,theNewYorkDailyNews
Themainstreamnewsagency-1
AFP(AgenceFrancePresse)法新社法国
AP(AssociatedPress)美联社美国
CP(CanadaPress)加拿大通讯社加拿大
KNS(KyodoNewsService)共同社日本
Themainstreamnewsagency-2
Reuters(Reuter’sNewsAgency)路透社英国
TASS(TelegraphAgencyoftheSovietUnion)塔斯社俄罗斯
UPI(UnitedPressInternational)合众国际社美国
XinhuaNewsAgency新华社中国
CategoriesofNews
Newsfallsintobasiccategories:
hardnews&
softnews
“Hardnews”includes:
storiesofatimelynatureabouteventsorconflictsthathavejusthappenedorareabouttohappen,suchascrimes,fires,meetings,protestrallies,speechesandtestimonyincourtcases.
Thesestorieshaveimmediacy.
“Softnews”isdefinedas:
newsthatentertainsorinforms,withanemphasisonhumaninterest(人情味)andnovelty(新奇)andlessimmediacythanhardnews.
eg.astoryabouttheeffectivenessofdiets
HardNewsSoftNews
features(特写)
personalprofile
(人物特写)
anecdote(趣事;
轶事)
“Softnews”canalsobestoriesthatfocusonpeople,placesorissuesthataffectreaders’lives.Thesetypesofstoriesarecalled“featurestories.”
eg.thegrowingnumberofbabiessufferingfromAIDS
Itisn’tlessimportantthanhardnews,butitisn’tnewsthathappenedovernight.
Classification
Accordingtothecontentandform:
Hardnews
Softnews
ThreeCommonTypesofNewsStructure
✧TheInvertedPyramidForm
✧TheChampagne-glassStructure
✧TheWallStreetJournalStructure
报刊英语的总体特色
(P5)
LexicalFeatures
派生词(Derivatives,P29)
缩略词(Clippingword,P35)
拼缀词(blending,P117)
LexicalFeatures
CondensedWords/MidgetWords(小词)
Eg.
[1]AidforTsunamiVictims
援助海啸受害者(aid代替assist)
[2]ChinaVowstoEnsureFood,DrugSafety
中国决心确保食品药物的安全(vow代替determine)
NewWordsConstantlyAppear
Eg.
[1]China’sfirsttaikonautsafelyreturnstoearth.
[2]Linsanity:
isanewslangwordthatisacombinationofJeremyLin’snameandthewordinsanity,whichmeanscraziness.Linsanitydescribesthesuddenglobalinterestinthisnewstarwho,weeksbeforeLinsanitybegan,wasworriedhewouldbereleasedfromhisteambecausehewasn’tgoodenough.
NewWordsConstantlyAppear
[3]ThispastJune,Congressauthorized$2millioninseedmoney(启动资金)forafund-raisingcampaign.
[4]Toughnewantiterrorism(反恐法)lawsareoverridingfundamentalcivilrightsandliberties,andracialprofilingisnowofficialpolicepolicy.
LoanedWords(借代词)
Eg.[1]HongKongexpectsbullrun.
香港经济渴望回升。
[2]WashingtonandMoscowstilldominatearmsmarket.
美国和俄罗斯仍控制着军火市场。
[3]$227BillionTaxonCrudeOilIsClearedbyHill.
原油征税2270亿美元,已获国会通过。
VagueWords(模糊词)
-about,probably,many,moreorless,roughly,somewhat,basically,almost,inasense,relatively,commonly,etc.
Eg.Atleast35peopleperishedlastweekwhenatruckeruptedinflamesdeepinsidetheMontBlanetunnelthatlinksFranceandItaly.Thefirequicklyengulfedsome30othervehiclesandburnedfortwodaysbeforefirefightersfinallyputitout.(Newsweek,April5,1999)
SlangyWordsandExpressionsandCommonSayings
Eg
[1]TheBMW’sLuxurycarsstealtheshowinNYC.
宝马的豪华汽车在纽约引人注目。
stealthescene/show:
attractthemostattentionandpraise(esp.unexpectedly)
[2]USwarplanesrainedbombsonKandahar.
美国战机倾盆暴雨般地轰炸坎达哈。
[3]Germaninsurancegiantsettoaxe700jobs.
德国最大保险公司计划裁员700。
GrammaticalFeatures
前置定语(pre-modificationattribute,P47)
嵌入结构(built-instructure,P90)
RhetoricalFeatures
请列出你所知道的修辞格。
修辞格(figuresofspeech)是修辞学中的重要组成部分.
16世纪,英文中的修辞格分类达到了184个
修辞格的分类:
形式类修辞格:
对正常表达方式中惯用的词汇排序或句子结构的偏离
意义类修辞格:
对正常表达方式中词语的原有意义的偏离
对照并列类(schemesofbalance)
排比、对照、倒装、反复
节略类(schemesofomission)
省略
反复类(schemesofrepetition)
重复(词法,句法,音韵)
Eg.
Butwhetheradditionaltaxbreaksarewarranted–ontopofaccelerateddepreciationforbusinessequipment,ontopofresearchanddevelopmenttaxcredits,ontopofimmediatedeductionsofinvestmentcostsforsmallbusiness--issomethingthatthecongressoughttoconsidercarefullybeforeitacts.
词义修辞格(semanticrhetoricaldevices)
词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
simile(明喻),metaphor(隐喻、借喻),allusion(暗引),
metonymy(借代),
euphemism(委婉语),
pun(双关),
personification(拟人),
Hyperbole(夸张),
irony(反语),
oxymoron,contrast(矛盾修辞法)
Simile&
Metaphor(P136)
Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrails.
这些人犹如街上的有轨电车,满足于在自己的轨道上运行。
(明喻)
Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.
经验为智慧之母。
(隐喻)
Sheissheddingcrocodiletears.
她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。
(借喻)
toteachfishtoswim班门弄斧
Theboomersarenoarmy.Theysurelydon'
tmarchtoasingledrumbeat.(Lesson1)
From1880to1930,employersandworkersengagedinafierceandsometimesbloodytugofwarbetweenproductionneeds,pressuresandworkschedules.(Lesson13)
…thathavebeenhardesthitbythedeclineinmanufacturingarealsoelectoralbattlegrounds.(Lesson14)
Allusion(典故P192)
GrammarmaybehisheelofAchilles.语法是他的大弱点。
Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。
除了脚踵处,他身上其他地方刀枪不入。
Whenyou’vegotthatbirdinthehandandyoudon’treallyknowifthegrassisgreenerontheotherside,itmakesyouthink,maybeIshouldhangouthere.(Lesson10)
Euphemism/cosmeticwords(P68)
amaintenanceengineer(Lesson13)
financialtsunami
死亡:
go,depart,departfromtheworldforever,passaway,bewithGod,beinheaven,gotoabetterworld,payone’sdebttonature,
上洗手间:
torelieveoneself,toanswerthenaturecall,topowderone’snose
失业:
unemployed,laid-off,involuntarilyleisured,betweenjobs
“downsized”(Lesson1)
贫穷:
“AtfirstIwaspoor,thenIbecameneedy,laterIwasunderprivileged,NowI’mdisadvantaged.Istilldon’thaveacenttomyname,butIsurehaveagreatvocabulary.”
FromLanguageandCulture邓炎昌,刘润青
借代/Metonymy(P104)
Thebabywasbroughtuponthebottle.
这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的.
AwhaleshipwasmyYaleCollegeandmyHarvard.
-especiallyinanelectionseasoninwhichstateswithadisproportionateshareofmanufacturingjobsareamongthosenotclearlyredorblue.(Lesson14)
ButthathadnotstoppedsomeCapitolHillopponentsfromtryingtoblockthechange..(Lesson13)
Pun(双关)
Whatdoesthatlawyerdoafterhedies?
--Liestill.
那个律师死后干什么?
—躺着仍说鬼话。
Ifwedon’thangtogether,we’llhangseparately.
我们如果不抱成一团,就会被挨个儿吊死。
AiringGrievances(Lesson9)
Personification拟人
SheisthefavouredchildofFortune.
ManufacturingistheproblemchildoftheUSeconomy.(Lesson14)
Whenthesubjectisglobalwarming,Americaisusuallycastasthevillain.(Lesson9)
RhetoricalQuestions
O,Wind,ifwintercomes,canspring’befarbehind?
(P.B.Shelly)
Isthiscauseforconcern?
Someeconomistsdon’tthinkso.(Lesson14)
Yetthesetwoprofiledcouplesarecalledbabyboomers–partofonegeneration.Doesthatmakeanysense?
(Lesson1)
NoideaforfixingSocialSecurityiswithoutdrawbacks.(Lesson3)
Qualitydatingtakestime.Testtheemotionalwatersfirst.(Lesson4)Allusion
Frankensteinfoods(Lesson17)
Don'
tactinarelationship.There'
snopayoffforfakingthedating/matingp