汽车设计外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

汽车设计外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

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s.Itisstillusedinlargevans,pickups,andtrucks.Inthistypeofconstruction,theengine,driveline,runninggear,andbodymounttotheframethroughinsulators.Insulatorsaresyntheticrubberpadsthatkeeproadandenginenoiseandvibrationfromgoingintothepassengercompartment.

Asecondtypeofconstructionistheunitizedbody.This,designisbyfarthemostpopularinmodernvehicles.Theunitizeddesignhasalightweightstructurewiththerequiredstrength.Tnthistypeofconstruction,theframeisweldedintothebodyaspartofthebodystructure.Bodypanelsaddstrengthtotheframepieces.Therunninggearanddrivelinearemountedtotheunitizedbodythroughlarge,softsyntheticrubberinsulators.Theinsulatorsminimizethetransferofnoiseandvibration.Iftheinsulatorsaretoosoft,theywillallowtoomuchrunninggearanddrivelinemovement.Thismovement,calledcompliance,affectsvehiclehandlingandcontrol.Iftheinsulatorsaretoohard,theywillnotinsulatenoiseandvibrationastheyshould.Themanufacturercarefullydesignstheinsulatorsandputsthemwheretheywillbeinavehiclewithlownoiseandvibrationtransmissionthatstillhasproperhandlingandfeel.Insulatorpropertieschangewithage,changingoriginalcharacteristicsasthevehiclebecomesolder.

Athirdtypeofconstructioncombinesthefeaturesofthefirstandsecondtypes.Itusesastubframefromthebulkheadforwardandaunitizedbodyfromthebulkheadback.Theunitizedpartisveryrigid,whilethestubframeprovidesaplaceforgoodinsulation.

Manufacturersselectthetypeofconstruction.thatismosteconomicaltobuild,'

whileprovidingthenoise,vibration,andrideandhandlingcharacteristicstheywantinthevehicle.Largeoldervehicles,vans,andtrucksgenerallyuseseparatebodyandframeconstruction.Thenewer,smaller'

vehiclesgenerallyuseunitizedconstruction.

Themachinepistonconnectingrodset

Thepistonconnectingrodsetiscomposedofthepiston,pistonwreath,pistonpin,connectingrod,connectingrodaxlebush,etc.

effect:

Theeffectofthepistonistobeartheairpressure,andpasstoconnectingrodtodrivethebentaxletorevolvethroughconnectingrodaxlebush,thepistoncopingisstillapartoftheburningroom.Theworkcondition:

Pistonworksundertheconditionofheat,highpressure,highspeed,andbadlubrication.Pistondirectlycontactswiththeheatair.Thetemperaturecanamounttoabove2500Ksinamoment.Thepistonisheatedseverely,buttheconditionofspreadingthehotisbad.Sowhilethepistonworks,thetemperatureisveryhighandthecopingisuptothe600-700Ks:

Andthetemperaturedistributesasymmetrically;

Thepistoncopingbearsgreatairpressure,especiallythepressureisgreatestintherouteofdoingefficacy.Thegasolinemachineisuptothe3-5MPas,thedieselengineisuptothe6-9MPas.Thismakesthepistonproducepound,and 

bearthefunctionofthesidepressure.Therefore,thepistonshouldhaveenoughheat-proof,trytodecreasetheheatingarea,,strengthenthecoolingofthepiston,tomakethehighesttemperatureofthecopingdescend.Thepistonmovesatveryhighspeed（8-12ms/s）backandforthintheaircylinder,andspeedchangesconstantly,Thisproducesverygreatinertialdint,makingthepistonbeargreatadditionalloadworkingundersuchbadcondition,thepistonwillbecomedeformedheatingpower.Atthesametime,itslittersthechemicalcorrosivepoweroftheburninggas.Inordertodescendtheinertialdintofbackandforth,wemusteasetheweightofthepistonaspossible.Pistonworksundertheconditionoftheheat,highpressure,highspeed（theaveragespeedcanamounttothe101115m/s）,anditslubricantconditionisbadandthefricationbetweenthepistonandtheaircylinderwallisverygreat.Inordertodescendthefriction,thesurfaceofthepistonsurfacemustbewear-resistant..

Request:

1）Tohaveenoughrigidityandstrength,andthereliabledint;

2）Transmitheatwell,bearthehighpressure,beartheheatandbeartowearaway;

3）thequantityissmall,theweightislight,descendtheinertialdintofbackandforthaspossible

Thealuminummetalalloymaterialsatisfiesthetoprequestsbasically,therefore,thepistongenerallyadoptsthehighstrengthaluminummetalalloy,butsomelowspeeddieselenginesadopthighclassironcastingorheat-proofsteel

structure:

Thepistoncanbedividedintothreeparts,pistoncoping,thepistonheadandpistonskirtdepartments.

1.Thepistoncoping

Thepistoncopingbearstheairpressure,itisapartoftheburnableroom.Itsshape,position,sizearerelevanttotheconcretefromoftheburnableroom.Theyaremadetosatisfythecombustiblehybridspiritformationandburnablerequests.Itscopingshapecanbedividedintofourmajortypes,aflatcopingpiston,aconvexcopingpiston,aconcavecopingpistonandmodelpiston.

AconvexcopingpistonisusuallyusedonthetwobluntdistanceI.C.engines,Itisgoodtoimprovetheprocessexchangingthegas.Modernfourbluntthedistancegasolinemachinealsoadoptstheconvexcopingpistoninordertostrengthentheeffectofpushingthegasorextendtheratioofcompressing.Convexofapistoncopingpresentsaformofball,itscopingstrengthishigh,havinganeffectofleading,beingadvantageoustoimprovetheprocessofexchangingthegas,tworouteoftravelgasolinemachinesoftenadopttheconvexcopingpiston　　

Apistoncopingpresentsthehollowform,theshapeandpositionsofthecavepitmustbeadvantageoustothecombustionofthecombustibleandhybridgas,havingapairofeddiesconcavepitball,concavepit,Uconcavepit,andsoon.

2.Pistonhead 

Thepistonreferstothefirstpistonwreathtothepartabovethepistonpin.Ithasseveralwreathslots,whichareusedtoinstallthepistonwreathandhaveaneffectofsealingcompletely.Itisalsocalledtheleakproofdepartment.Thedieselengine’scompressratioishigh,andgenerallyhavefourwreathslots,Thethreeupperwreathsareusedtoinstall,thelowerpartinstallstheoilwreath.Thegasolinemachinehasthreewreathslotsgenerally,whicharetwojetofgaswreathslotsandanoilwreathslots.Atthebottomofoilwreathslotmanypathstowardeyeletaredrilledtomakethequiltoilwreathflowfromtheaircylinderwall 

totheoilbottomhullthroughtheseeyelets.Theworkingconditionofthewreathslotistheworstandshouldleavethecopinggenerallyalittlefarther.

Abovethegaswreath,anarrowinsulatingslotisusuallysettocutofftheheatflowwhichisspreadfromthepistoncopingtothefirstgaswreathandmakepartsofcaloriesfromapistonwreathspread,thuseasingthehotburdenofthefirstgaswreath.Onsomeenginessmallwreatheslotsareoftenmadebetweenthecopingheadandthefirstgaswreathe,sometimestillafewmorewreath.Thiskindofsmallwreathcanadsorbthelubricantbecauseitaccumulatesthecarbon.Itcankeeppistonandtheaircylinderwallsfrombitingtomatchwhenitworkintheconditionoflosingoil,soitiscalledaccumulatingthecarbonslot.

Thecaloriesthatthepistoncopingabsorbsalsomainlypassestheaircylinderwallthroughthepistonwreathtoleakproofdepartment,againspreadbythecoolwater.Inaword,thefunctionofthepistonheadisinadditiontoinstallthepistonwreath,stillsealcompletelyfunctionandtransmitheatfunction,sealingcompletelytheaircylindertogetherwiththepistonwreath,keepingcombustibleadmixturespiritfromleakcrankcase,atthesametimepassthe（70-80）%caloriestotheaircylinderwallthroughthepistonwreath.

3.Pistonskirtdepartment

Thepistonskirtdepartmentreferstothepartsfromthebottomoftheoilwreatheslot.Itincludesthepinwhichisusedtopackthepiston.Thepistonskirtdepartmentexercisestorisetoleadtothefunctiontothepistoninthebackandforthintheaircylinder,andbearthesidepressure.Thelengthoftheskirtdepartmentisdecidedbythesizeandthepistondiameterofthesidepressure.Theso-calledsidepressuremeaninthecompressionrouteoftravelandmakerouteoftravelofefficacy.Thelevelcomponentofthegaspressurewhichtakeeffectonthepistoncopingpressesthepistontotheaircylinderwall.Compresstherouteoftravelandmakethesidepressuredirectionoftheefficacyrouteoftravelairexactlytheopposite,becauseofthecombustionpressureconsumedlyhighincompressthepressure,so,makethesideintherouteoftravelofefficacypressurealsoconsumedlyhighincompressthesideintherouteoftravelpressure.Twoonthesidesthatbearthesidepressureofthepistonskirtdepartmentbecalledtopushthedinttoface,theybeplacedintosellthemutuallyperpendiculardirectionofthestalklinewithpistonup.

DriveLines

Thedrivelineincludesallthepartsfromtheandfinaldrivecarrythetorquefromtheengine,theother. 

Theenginetorqueduringaccelerationandthetorqueduringbrakingplaceloadsonthesuspensionparts.

Duringsuspensionrepair,itmaybeessarytodisassemblepartsofthedriveline.Noisespro