学术综合英语听力材料listening scriptUnit18Word文件下载.docx
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目录
Unit1PresentingaSpeech1
RoadBuilding1
TheMississippiRiverinAmerica1
Unit2EnergyConservation2
AnEyewitnesstoChangesinChina2
Talkwith“HarryPotter”–DanielRadcliffeAnswersQuestionsformFans4
Unit3Traffic5
DrivingWhileonaCellPhoneWorseThanDrivingWhileDrunk5
QuakeKillsatLeast300onIndonesianIsland6
Unit4SocialBehavior7
TheMen’sMovement:
WhatDoesItMeantoBeaMan?
7
HusbandsandWives:
aCallerformNorthbridge8
Unit5Population9
SuicideonCampus9
Chinavs.India10
Unit6ACityinChina11
WhatDoestheFutureHoldforMarriage?
11
ShouldTeacherHavethePowertoSearchforKnives?
12
Unit7DishonoringtheHonorSystem13
OpeningSpeechfortheUK’sFirstDisabledPeople’sParliament13
OpeningSpeechfortheSydney2000OlympicGames13
Unit8PEIEnergyFramework14
NuclearPowerPlants14
ShouldThereBeMoreNuclearPowerPlantsintheUS?
15
Unit1PresentingaSpeech
RoadBuilding
Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI'
llbetalkingabouttherelationshipbetweenroadbuildingandthedevelopmentoftheAmericaneconomyduringthe18thcentury.About300yearsago,theUnitedStates'
economywasgrowingrapidly,mainlybecauseofaboomingtradeintwoimportantagriculturalproducts:
grainandcotton.
GrainoutputintheeasternpartofAmericaincreasedquicklyatthattimeduetotherapidlygrowingpopulationandthelargenumberofimmigrantsfromEurope.Asaresult,thedemandforgrainalmostdoubled.Forthisreason,thetradeingrainfirstdevelopedinthispartofthecountry.Atthesametime,theroadsystemwasgraduallybuiltupinordertotransportthegrainfromtheruralareastovariouscities.Theroadbuildingclearlyhelpeddeveloptheeconomyquicklyintheseareasandinthecitiesaswell.
Duringthesameperiod,farmersintheSouthcouldgetalargeamountoflaborersfromAfrica,andtheystartedtogrowcotton.Asthecottonoutputincreased,thefarmersneededtosellitinotherplaces.Asaresult,manyroadswerebuilttolinktheruralareastothecities.
Atfirst,thistradeofgrainandcottontookplacealongthecoast,ornearriversandlakes.Ittookplacetherebecauseitwaseasyandcheaptotransportgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Before1700,itwasveryexpensivetomovethegoodsbyroad.So,farmershadtorelymainlyonriverstomovetheircropstomarkets.
Atthattime,therewasonlyonecontinuousroadthatexistedintheUS.Itranfromnorthtosouthalongcountryroads,whichwerelinkedtogethertomakeonelongroad.Withinashorttime,thefirsteast-to-westroadswerebuilt.Theywerecalledturnpikes.Privatecompaniesbuilttheseroadsandcollectedfeesfromallvehiclesthattraveledonthem.
Eventually,becauseoftheboomingtradeofgrainandcotton,anetworkofroadwayswascompletedthatconnectedsomemajorcitiesandtowns.Althoughtravelingwasstillcostlyforfarmers,theysoonpreferredtomovetheircropstocitiesandotherareasonroadwaysratherthanbyboatbecauseitwasfasterandmoreconvenient.
SoherewecanseearatherclearpictureofroadbuildingintheUnitedStatesanditsimpactoneconomicdevelopmentduringthatperiod.
TheMississippiRiverinAmerica
Goodafternoon.Todaywe’regoingtotalkabouttheMississippiRiver.TheMississippiRiversouthacrossthecontinentalinterior,collectingthewatersofitsmajortributaries,downtotheGulfofMexico.TheMightyMississippi,asitisaffectionatelyknown,flowsatotaldistanceabout4,000kilometersfromitssource.Withitstributaries,theMississippidrainsallorpartof31U.S.statesandtwoCanadianprovinces.
Aseveryoneknows,inthepasttheriverwasthemostimportantwayoftransportinggoodsfromtheNorthtotheSouth,orfromtheSouthtotheNorthintheUnitedStates.
TheMississippiRiverisalsoariverthatcansometimesgetoutofcontrolandcauseseriousfloodinginsummer.Nowadaysengineersusefourdifferentmethodstocontrolthefloodwatersoftheriver.Thesefourwaysare:
floodways,dams,leveesandreservoirs.I'
lldiscusseachofthesehere.
FloodwaysarethefirstwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiver.Floodwaysareemptychannelsreadytoholdwaterfromtheriver.WhentheMississippiRiveristoohigh,thefloodwaysareopenedandsomeofthewatercanflowintothefloodways.ThereareseveralfloodwaysalongthelowerMississippiRiver,whichhelppreventfloodingeffectively.
ThesecondwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiveriswithdams.Damsarewallsthatarebuiltacrossarivertocontrolthewater.Therearemorethan30damsontheMississippiRiver.Damscontrolthewaterbyholdingthewaterbehindthemuntiladecisionismadetoreleaseit.
LeveesareathirdwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiver.Leveesareearthenwallsbuiltalongsideariver.Theyholdthewaterintheriverandkeepitfromcoveringthelandbesidetheriver.Therearemorethan2,000milesofleveesalongtheMississippiRiver.
Inthe19thand20thcenturies,severalreservoirswerebuiltalongtheMississippiRivertoharnessthewater.Theyhavetwofunctions.Oneistoholdwater,andtheotheristogenerateelectricitythroughhydroelectricpowerstations.Sincethe20thcentury,nohugefloodhasbrokenoutoftheMississippiRiver.
Unit2EnergyConservation
AnEyewitnesstoChangesinChina
(Y:
YangRui,anchorofDialogue,CCTV-9
R:
SidneyRittenberg,presidentofRittenbergAssociates,Incorporated.)
Y:
Mr.Rittenberg,youareasuccessfulbusinessmanandalsoabignametotheChineseduetoyourcloseassociationwiththefirstgenerationofthePRCleaders.HowdoyoulookattheimpactthatthatexperiencehashadonyourcurrentperceptionofChina'
sreformanddevelopment?
IfeelinmyheartthatwhatI’mdoingtodayisacontinuationofwhatIwastryingtodointhethatis,Ihadthisambition,thisdream,fromthetimethatIbeganstudyingChineseatStanfordUniversityin1943,IhadthisdreamofworkingtobuildbridgesbetweenChinesepeopleandAmericanpeople,andtohelpthemunderstandeachotherandcooperatetogether.AndItriedtodothatinthepast,workinginChinainMao’sday.Andthat'
sexactlywhatI'
mtryingtodotoday.IreallythinkthatwhatI'
mdoingtodayismoreeffectivethanwhatIwasabletodointhepast.
AtthattimemanyforeignerscametoChina,butyouwereamongtheveryfewwhogotclosetotheCommunistPartyofChina.
Youknow,it’squiteobvioustomethattheonlyreasonthattheCommunistPartyofChinawasabletowininthefinalstagesoftheCivilWarisbecauseoftheirextremelycloserelationswiththepeople.TheChinesepeoplethatcametoknowthem,trustedthemandconsideredthemtheirrepresentatives.ThissmallpeasantarmyledbyMaoZedonghadnotanks,nobigguns,noplanes,andwasgreatlyoutnumberedbytheopposition,whichwasthemostpowerfularmedforceinAsiaaftertheSecondWorldWar.Andyetinonlythreeandahalfyears,theNationalistswerecompletelydefeatedanddrivenofftotheislandprovinceofTaiwan.Why?
BecausethetiesthattheCommunistshadwiththeChinesepeoplewereunbreakable.Theyhadtheirtrust.Theyhadtheirconfidenceandsupport.AndthatwassomethingthattheNationalistswerenotabletoget.
Youknow,theRevolutionaryArmywasapoorarmy,evenintermsofthefoodtheygot.Thesoldiershadgrasssandalsthattheymadethemselvesalongthemarch.Butwhatmadethemdoit?
Thefactthattheyhadavision.Theybelievedthattheywerefightingfortheirland,fortheirfamilytohavetheirownfarmland,andforafairgovernmentthatwouldlistentothepeopleanddowhattheyneeded.SothisistheonlyexplanationIcanthinkofforwhytheywereabletowin.
IntheLongMarchyoujusttalkedabout,theCommunistarmyhadtoovercomeextremedifficulties.ButinthenewLongMarchofmodernizationtoday,wearealsofacingdifficulties,thoughverydifferent.What’syourviewofthisnewLongMarch?
IagreewithcallingthisanewLongMarch,onlythebarriersareverydifferent.Thosebarrierswerecertainlyverygrimandthreatening.Someofthesebarrierslookverygoodandinvitingbutactuallytheyarenot.Imean,inthedaysbeforeandduringtheLongMarch,theleadershadthetaskofstudyingtheChineserealityandgettingeverybodythattheycouldinfluencetostudyrealityandfromittoderiveasetofpolicies,practicalstrategiestoguideeverybody.Sopeoplehadasharedvisionanddream.Theyweremotivatedbythiscommondreamtoworktogether.AndIthink,duringthecurrentLongMarchofmodernization,Chinawouldneedtodothesamething,tograduallystudyChineserealityanddevelopasetofstrategies,acommonvisionandasetofvaluesthatmostpeoplewillshare.Andthenyou'
llfindthatyoudon'
thaveaproblemofdisconnectionbetweenthecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernments,oraproblemofabiggapbetweencityandcountrylife.
Still,peoplearewonderinginthiscountrywhywewereabletolivewithpovertybuthaveproblemslivingwiththenewwealth.
Againit’sthelackofapractical,down-to-earth,realisticvisionthateveryoneshares,inmyopinion.Irememberafterthe“GreatLeapForward”whentherewasafamine,many,manypeopleinBeijing,includinggovernmentworkers,professorsinschools,theirfaceswereswollenbecausepeopleweren’tgettingenoughfood.Butnobodyadmittedthatitwasbecauseofmalnutrition.Noonesaid,“It’sbecausewedon’thaveenoughfood.”Youknow,Ipersonallydon’tthinkthat,formo