跨文化交际学生自主学习Word文档格式.docx

跨文化交际学生自主学习Word文档格式.docx

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G.Howtoparticipateinceremonies

H.Rulesforfacialexpressionsandeyecontact

I.Rituals

J.Etiquette

K.Workspeed

L.Whatisrightorwrong,beautifulorugly,cleanordirty,goodorbad,etc.

M.Theoriesofdisease,sin,death,godorgods,sanity,self,etc.

4.Canyouaddmoretotheabovelist?

Whichofthemdoyouthinkaremorelikelytocauseproblemsininterculturalcommunication?

Andwhydoyouthinktheyare?

二、分析、解答题

Pleasereadthefollowingexample（takenfromScollon&

Scollon,2000）andstudyhowcommunicationisaffectedbyculture.

TwomenmeetonaplanefromTokyotoHongKong.ChuHon-feiisaHongKongexporterwhoisreturningfromabusinesstriptoJapan.AndrewRichardsonisanAmericanbuyeronhisfirstbusinesstriptoHongKong.ItIsaconvenientmeetingforthembecauseMr.Chu’scompanysellssomeoftheproductsMr.RichardsonhassometoHongKongtobuy.Afterabitofconversationtheyintroducethemselvestoeachother.

Mr.Richardson:

Bytheway,I’mAndrewRichardson.MyfriendscallmeAndy.Thisismybusinesscard.

Mr.Chu:

I’mDavidChu.Pleasedtomeetyou,Mr.Richardson.Thisismycard.

No,no.CallmeAndy.Ithinkwe’llbedoingalotofbusinesstogether.

Yes,Ihopeso.

Mr.Richardson（readingMr.Chu’scard）:

Chu,Hon-fei.Hon-fei,I’llgiveyouacalltomorrowassoonasIgetsettledatmyhotel.

MrChu（smiling）:

Yes,I’llexpectyourcall.

Whenthesetwomenseparate,theyleaveeachotherwithverydifferentimpressionsofthesituation.Mr.RichardsonisverypleasedtohavemadetheacquaintanceofMr.Chuandfeelstheyhavegottenofftoaverygoodstart.Theyhaveestablishedtheirrelationshiponafirst-namebasisandMr.Chu’ssmileseemstoindicatethathewillbefriendlyandeasytodobusinesswith.Mr.RichardsonisveryparticularlypleasedthathehastreatedMr.ChuwithrespectforhisChinesebackgroundbycallinghimHon-feiratherthanusingthewesternname,David,whichseemstohimanunnecessaryimpositionofwesternculture.

Incontrast,Mr.ChufeelsquiteuncomfortablewithMr.Richardson.Hefeelsitwillbedifficulttoworkwithhim,andthatMr.Richardsonmightberatherinsensitivetoculturaldifferences.HeisparticularlybotheredthatMr.Richardsonusedhisgivenname,Hon-fei,insteadofeitherDavidorMr.Chu.

Howdoyouaccountfortheirdifferentimpressions?

Doescultureplayaroleinthecommunicationbetweenthesetwomen?

（Youmayturnto跨文化交际自主学习参考答案）

三、思考题：

1.Wehavelearnedsomecharacteristicsofculture.Forexample,cultureislearned.Culturecanbelearnedthroughdiverseways,proverbsbeingoneofthem.Nowstudythefollowingproverbsanddecidewhatvalue（s）theyrepresent,whichofthemarestillstrongintheAmericancultureandtheChineseculturerespectively,andwhichdon’tapplyanylonger.

Proverbs

1.Bloodisthickerthanwater.

2.Sauceforthegooseissauceforthegander.

3.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.

4.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.

5.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

6.Hastemakeswaste.

7.Timeismoney.

8.Aman’shomeishiscastle.

9.Thinkthreetimesbeforeyoutakeaction.

10.Modestymakesyouprogress;

conceitednessmakesyoulagbehind.

2.Readthefollowingandthinkaboutthequestions:

Someyearsago,severalinternationalbusinessmenwereonaconferencecruisewhentheshipbegantosink.“Gotellthosefellowstoputonlifejacketsandjumpoverboard,”thecaptaindirectedhisfirstmate.

Afewminuteslaterthefirstmatereturned.“Thoseguyswon’tjump,”hereported.

“Takeover,”thecaptainordered,“AndI’llseewhatIcando.”

Returningmomentslater,heannounced,“They’regone.”

“How’dyoudoit?

”askedthefirstmate.

“Itolddifferentthingstodifferentpeople.ItoldtheEnglishmanitwasthesportingthingtodo,andhejumped.ItoldtheFrenchmanitwas_____;

theGermanthatitwasacommand;

theItalianthatitwas______;

theRussianthatitwas_____;

sotheyjumpedoverboard.”

“AndhowdidyougettheAmericantojump?

”

“Noproblem,”saidthecaptain,“Itoldhimhewas______!

Questions:

1）Canyoudecidetowhomeachofthefollowingwordswasactuallyusedbythecaptain?

Revolutionaryforbiddenchicinsured

2）IftherehadbeenaChinesebusinessmanonboard,whatshouldthecaptainsayinordertomakehimjumpoverboard?

3）Whatdoyouthinkofthestory?

Doesittellyousomethingthatistrueofpeopleofthosedifferentnations?

PartTwoCommunicationandCulture

一、讨论题

1.StudythefollowingtwoversionsofthesamespokendiscoursepresentedinabusinessmeetingbetweenaHongKongChineseandanAnglo—NorthAmericanbusinessman.Decideinsmallgroups,whichonemightbegivenbyaChineseandwhichbyanAmerican.Why？

A.BecausemostofourproductionisdoneinChinanow,andit’snotreallycertainhowHongKongwillbelikeafter1997,andsinceIthinkacertainamountofcautionincommittingtoTVadvertisementisnecessarybecauseoftheexpense.So,IsuggestthatwedelaymakingourdecisionuntilafterLegcomakesitsdecision.（Scollon&

Scollon,2000）

B.IsuggestthatwedelaymakingourdecisionuntilafterLegcomakesitsdecision.That’sbecauseIthinkacertainamountofcautionincommittingtoTVadvertisementisnecessarybecauseoftheexpense.Inadditiontothat,mostofourproductionisdoneinChinanow,andit’snotreallycertainhowHongKongwillbelikeafter1997.（Scollon&

2.Canyoufindsomecasesinwhich是inChinesedoesnotmean“yes”inEnglish?

3.HowwouldyouputthefollowingintoChinese?

a）Doyoulikethenewschool?

Yes,Iwill.

b）Pleasedon’tsaythat.---Yes,Iwill.

c）Iknowwhathewants.---Yes?

---Money!

d）Waiter!

---Yes,sir.

e）Yes?

---I’dliketwotickets,please.

f）Everythingwillbeallrightsoon,yes?

Saying“no”seemstobemorecomplicated.

Sometimes“no”maymean“maybe”giventherighttimeandcircumstances.Thisisquiteimportantininterpersonalrelationsandinpolitics.Lookatthefollowingsex-biasedjoke:

What’sthedifferencebetweenaladyandadiplomat?

Whenadiplomatsays“yes”,hemeansmaybe.

Whenadiplomatsays“maybe”,hemeansno.

Whenadiplomatsays“no”,he’snodiplomat.

Whenaladysays“no”,shemeans“maybe”.

Whenaladysays“maybe”,shemeans“yes”.

Whenaladysays“yes”,she’snoladyall!

4.Whatareyougoingtodoifyouareinthefollowingsituations?

Whyorwhynot?

A.Whenyouareofferedadrinkthetasteofwhichyoufindveryunpleasant.

B.Whenyourfriendsaskifyouwillgotoapicnicwiththemandyoudonotfeellikegoing.

C.WhenyouareaskedaboutthemeaningofanEnglishwordthatyoudonotknow.

D.Whenyouareaskedwhetheryouagreewithaprofessor’sideaaboutlearningEnglishthatyoudonotquiteappreciate

E.Whenyoufindyourselfinclassunabletoanswerthequestiontheteacherasksyou.

F.Whensomeoneasksforyourfinishedhomeworktocopyandyoudonotliketocomply.

G.Whenyouareaskedbyyourparentsaboutyourproblemsinyourstudiesandyoudonotreallyliketo.

5.WhydopeopleincountrieslikeJapanandChinaoftenrefusetosay“no”directly?

6.Whatproblemsmayariseininterculturalcommunicationbecauseofsuchindirectwaysofsaying“no”?

二、思考题

1.Thefollowingaretwoletters,oneinChineseandtheotherinEnglish.Comparethemtoseeifthereissimilarityintheirdiscoursepatterns.

尊敬的节目主持人：

我作为贵台英语教学节目和《你喜欢的歌》节目的忠实听众已有好几年的历史了。

我认为贵台的这两个节目办得非常好。

请让我做个自我介绍：

我是一名中学生，今年十八岁，我的家乡是一个边疆小城，文化活动办得也不错。

由于我是喜欢学习英语，所这方面的电台节目比较注意，但是因为中央人民广播电台的英语节目比较深奥，不适合我学习，所以我一直从贵台的英语节目里得到听力、会话能力训练。

这种训练使我受益匪浅。

随着课程难度一步步的提高，我深感没有一本教材，学习回遇到很多困难。

因为这个原因，我抽出时间给贵台写这封信，希望能得到一本贵台英语节目的教材。

教材的费用请来信告知。

另外，我希望得到贵台印制的年历，并祝您们的节目办得更加有趣。

DearProfessorX,

Howareyou?

Pleasepardonmeforbotheringyouwhileyouaresobusy.ButthereisonethingonwhichIneedyourhelp.

IamaloverofEnglish,butforalongtimeIhavenotbeenabletostudyEnglishsystemically.NowIamstayingathomeonsickleaveanditoccurredtomethatIshouldtakeitupseriously.IwenttotheForeignLanguageBookStoreinourprovincialcapitalandhadalook.IfoundtheEnglishtextbook,whichyouedited,suitsmylevel.Butthestorehadnotapes.CouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcangetthetapesthroughmailorderandhowmuchIneedtopay?

Besides,thetextbookhasonlytwovolumes.Istheresupplementarymaterialtoaccompanythem?

CanIgetboththebooksandthetapesthroughmailorder?

Iamalmostthirtyyearsold,butlearnedonlyatsecondaryschool.Ilikeitverymuchanditwillbeusefulforfuturework.SoIwanttobeginfromthebeginningandIwonderifthebookisrightforme.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Questions

1）Whatdoyouthinkofthetwolettersabove?

Whatdotheyhaveincommonthoughtheyarewrittenindifferentlanguages?

2）WhenyouaremakingarequestinEnglish,willyoudoitintheChinesewayornot?

2.Guessthemeaningsofthefollowingstatementsoriginallyintendingtoconvey.

A.Isforbiddentostealhoteltowelsplease.Ifyouarenotapersontodosuchathingispleasenottoreadnotice.（fromaTokyohotel）

B.Thelift