大学英语四级专项训练Word文件下载.docx

大学英语四级专项训练Word文件下载.docx

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Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to10withtheexactwordsandphrasesyouhavejustheard.Whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

　　Super-babiesaren'

thappybabies.Theyaredrillingtheirinfantsinmathandreadingskills,usingflashcards,booksandvideotapes.Theyare1their3-year-oldintennislessonsandenteringtheir4-yrar-oldsinbeautycontestand2competitions.Nowtheyaretryingtoeducatetheirkidsinthewombwithphone-likelearning3.Theyareparentswhowanttheirchildrentobesuper-babies.Asadistinct4species,theyhavegainedincreasingattentioninrecentyears,evenastheiroverzealousnesshasbeen5bymanychild-developmentexperts.Butnoonehaspresentedevidenceagainstthesuperbabyethicinacomprehensive,6_way-- 

untilnow,inanewbookbyDr.Elkind,achildpsychologist."

These7parentsareengaginginaformormis-education,"

saidDr.Elkind,"

I'

malarmedbywhatIsee.Thoughsuperbabyphenomenonwasfirstnotedinupper-middle-classfamiliesseveralyearsago,nowlessadvantagedfamiliesseemtobe8wealthyparents.IncreasingnumbersofAmericanyoungstersarepressedtothink,feel,andbehavelikeolderchildrenandadults."

Thelong-termconsequencesofparentaleffortsare9--stomachachesandheadaches,eatingandsleepingproblemsandchangesinchildren'

sordinary10.Preschoolers'

self-esteemcanalsobediminishedsincethetendencyofchildrenistoblamethemselveswhentheycan’tdoanimpossibletasksetbyanadult.Therecanbeothermoredamagingeffects.

CompoundDictation2

Weareallmoreobsessedwithourappearancethanweliketoadmit.Concernaboutappearanceisquitenormalandunderstandable.Attractivepeoplehave1

advantagesinoursociety.Studiesshow:

Attractivechildrenaremorepopular,bothwithclassmatesandteachers.Teachersgivehigher2totheworkofattractivechildrenand3ofthem.Attractiveapplicantshaveabetterchanceofgettingjobs,andofreceivinghighersalaries.OneUSstudyfoundthattallermenearnedaround$600perinchmorethanshorter4amonth.Incourt,attractivepeoplearefoundguiltylessoften.Whenfoundguilty,theyreceiveless5sentences.

　　Wealsobelieveinthe"

Whatisbeautifulisgood"

stereotype--adeep-rootedbeliefthatphysicallyattractivepeople6otherdesirablecharacteristicssuchasintelligence,7,socialskillsandconfidence--evenmoralvirtue.Thegoodfairyprincessisalwaysbeautiful;

thewickedstepmotherisalwaysugly.Itisnotsurprisingthatphysicalattractivenessisofoverwhelmingimportancetous.Everyperiodofhistoryhasitsownstandardsofwhatisbeautiful,andeverycontemporarysocietyhas8

oftheidealphysicalfeatures.Inthe19thcenturybeingbeautifulmeantwearingacorset–causing9problems.Nowwetrytodietandexerciseourselvesintothefashionableshape--oftenwithevenmoreseriousconsequences.Butalthoughweresembleourancestorsinourconcernaboutappearance,thereisadifference10

CompoundDictation3

Formalevaluationsofteachersbystudents,somethingthatwouldhavebeenviewedastheheightof1agenerationago,havebecomeacceptedprocedureonmostcampuses.Theevaluationsareusedtoimproveteaching,tohelpstudentschoosecoursesandassistfacultyandadministrators2andtenuredecisions.

　　Inadditiontotheinstitutionalizedproceduresforfacultyevaluations,informalcourseguidesarealso3andsoldbystudentsatsomeuniversities.Oneoftheoldestoftheseguidesisthe"

ConfidentialGuidetoCourses"

orthe"

ConfiGuide,"

putoutbytheeditorsoftheHarvardCrimson."

Thefirstpurposeistobehumorous;

thesecondpurpose,ifonecan'

tbehumorous,istobeinteresting,andlast,we'

re4,"

saidJonathanMoses,managingeditorofTheCrimson."

We'

renotliketheCUEGuide,"

hesaid,5theofficialuniversitycourseguide,"

Theyarelookingforsubstance,notstyle--aterriblething."

AtStanfordUniversity,theofficialguidehasbeen6.Studentisabletouseaterminaltofindoutallthecoursestaughtonacertaindayorthenamesofthecoursetaughtbyacertainprofessororwhat7agivencoursefulfills.Attheendofeachcourse8isastudentevaluationsection,whichasksquestionslike,"

Whatarethebestthingsabouttheclass?

Howwouldyou9thecourse?

Whatwouldyousaytoastudenttakingthiscourse?

"

Besides,individualfacultymembersareencouragedto10theirownquestionnairesfortheirstudents.Theseareusedtohelpfacultymemberstoimprovetheirteachingandtomakedecisionsabouttenure.

CompoundDictation4

TheformaleducationintheUnitedStatesdifferedfromeducationsystemsofotherWesternsocietiesinthreefundamentalrespects.First,Americansweremore1toregardeducationasasolutiontovarioussocialproblems.Second,becausetheyhadthisconfidenceinthepowerofeducation,Americans2moreyearsofschoolingforalargerpercentageofthepopulationthanothercountries.Third,educationinstitutionswere3governedbylocalauthoritiesratherthanby4ones.ThemostnotablecharacteristicoftheAmericaneducationsystemisthelargenumberofpeopleitserves.Expandingaccesstocollegeeducationisa5fortheUSgovernment.In1997PresidentClintoncalledforcreatinganewpolicytoenable6everyhighschoolgraduatetoreceivesomeformofcollegeeducation.

　　Sincethe1980s,educationpolicymakershavegivengreaterattentionand7toimprovethequalityofeducationinnonschoolsettings.Forexample,educatorsviewthefamilyasperhapsthemostpowerfuleducationalforce,andschoolshaveincreasededucationprogramsdesignedspecificallyforparents.Museumshavealso8

theirinstructionalrole."

SesameStreet"

forchildren,createdinthe1960s,wasanearlydemonstrationofhowtelevisioncouldadvanceratherthanretardeducationalvalues.

9theUnitedStates,fewerpeoplegoontohighereducationinBritain,andthereismoreemphasisonsegregatingpupilsatthelowerlevel10ability.

CompoundDictation5

StudiesshowtheaverageageofAmericanfarmersisslowlyrising.FeweryoungAmericansaredecidingtoenterfarmingthaninthepast.AndthenumberoffarmersandworkingfarmsintheUnitedStateshas1overtime.TheEconomicResearchServicereleasedareport2.TheagencyispartoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentof3.TheEconomicResearchServicesaysthe4ageofanAmericanfarmerisfifty-fouryearsold.Itnotesthepercentageoffarmersfifty-fiveorolderroseto61%in1997.Onlythirty-seven5offarmerswerefifty-fiveorolderin1954.ThenewreportsaysfarmersgenerallyareolderthanotherAmericanworkersfor6

reasons.Farmerscancontinueworkingontheirfarmslongaftermostwage7haveretired.ThenumberofyearsthatAmericanscanexpecttolivehasincreased.Thismeansmanyfarmerscan8untiltheyareveryold.Theincreaseduseofmachinesinagriculturealsohashelpedolderfarmers.Theycanusemachinesinsteadofphysicallabor.TheEconomicResearchServicenotesthatthefutureoffarmingintheUnitedStates9theemploymentofmorenewworkersonfarms.However,feweryoungAmericansarebecomingfarmers.Thepercentageoffarmersyoungerthanthirty-fiveyearsoldhas1015%in1954to8%threeyearsago.

CompoundDictation6

Wesitaroundtheroughwoodentableinthesummerca