新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译.docx

新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译.docx

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新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译

HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4

Unit1

Activereading

（1）

Lookingforajobafteruniversity?

First,getoffthesofa

Backgroundinformation

Aboutthepassage:

ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2021inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2021–2021becausetheeconomicdownturn–thenarecession–meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobetherefortheirchildren（ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneedhelp）.Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalsoofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment（seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents）.

Whyfindingajobin2021issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?

UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears（over45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohighereducation）,sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2021onwardswiththecreditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeant

thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:

theywon’tfindemploymentbylyingonthesofaathome.

Culturepoints

honoursdegree:

Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawardedindifferentcategories:

afirstclassdegree（writtenusingRomannumbersasI）,asecond（dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIIiiandIIii,whicharecalled“atwoone〞and“atwotwo〞）,athird（writtenIII）andapassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.

GenerationYandGrunt:

ThemainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnamestocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers〞wereborninthegreatincrease（theboom）ofbirthsafterWorldWarII（1946–1960）,followedby“GenerationX〞people（born1960–1980）whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbeforethem.“GenerationY〞orthe“MillenialGeneration〞（born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium）arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydoting

parents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming（morphinginto）GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork–thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosomegraduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmoresuitable.“Grunt〞alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt〞theyexpressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewithwords–thismaybehowtheparentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!

AcomprehensivereferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools〞andmoregeneral“secondarymodern〞schoolsforthosewhodidnotpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswhowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard（Iworkedmybacksideoff）togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic–comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.

ChickensuitThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolloLoco（TheCrazyChicken’