6A文雅思写作总结文档格式.docx
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riseto…from…,gofrom…to…,
…showanincreaseof…
…indicatenooverallpatternforincreaseordecrease…
.remain/stay/constant(stable)
.hit/falltothelowestpoint
.reachaplateau
.trailoff/away减弱,变小
tomirror=toreflect
riseandfallevenlywithaplateauin…;
rebound;
reacha30-yearlow
Noun:
…thegap,thefigurefor…,
…decrement减缩量/减幅,
…(a)fluctuation…
.arise/increase
.afall/drop/decline
.apeak/dip
比较:
Whereas,while/whilst,conversely相反地,evenso虽然如此,likewise同样地,
AisalongwaybehindB
Acomesinlighter/fewer/lessat..(30%);
theoppositewastruein…
WritingTask2(40min)
Thistaskassessesnotonlyyourabilitytowrite,butalsoyourabilitytothinkaboutanddiscussanissueofsomekind.Sometimes,theIELTSWritingTask2topicsareofeducationalinterest,inwhichcaseyourpersonalknowledgeandeGperienceofthetopicmayberelevant,butbecarefulnottowriteaboutyourpersonaleGperiences;
usetheminsteadtotalkgenerallyandobjectivelyaboutthetopic.Inaddition,youwillneedtopresentyourthoughtsinanorganisedandorderlyway.
TypeAQuestionsArgument
Ifyoureducetheargumenttoayes/noquestion,theessayyouwritewillbemuchlikeadebateinwhichyoupresentbothsidesoftheissue:
thesideyoubelievein,andthesidetheopponentsofyourviewsbelievein.Youshouldsupportyourargumentwithsufficientevidenceinordertoproveyourpoint,aswellasrefutetheopposingsideoftheargument.
TypeBQuestionsAccount
EssaysofthistypeaskyoutodescribeandeGplorethesituationregardingthetopic,withlessemphasisongivingopinions.Youshoulddescribethesituationregardingthetopic,andeGplorethereasonsforthesituationbeingwhat
itis.Althoughinthiscaseyoudonothavetosupportanargument,itiswisetoprovideevidenceofthetruth(orotherwise)ofthesituation.
InbothTypeAandBquestionsyoumayneedtomakerecommendations,offersolutions,orgiveadvice.
WithTypeAquestions,youwillonlywriteasuccessfulessayifyoucanthinkofaminimumof2mainsupportingargumentsforthecaseyouwishtopresent.SimilarlywithTypeBquestions,youwillneedaminimumof2mainareasofdiscussiononwhichtobaseyouressayaboutthetopic.Ineachcaseonly2to4mainideasarenecessarybecauseofthelengthofthetask-250words.
中间段
1)明确提出一个分论点
2)解释、提供原因
3)事例
结论
Opening&
Body:
Anargumentputforwardby…;
thedebatesurrounding…isoneofthemostcharged(in…);
…anever-increasing…;
opinionsdifferasto…;
opinionsconcerning…vary/differwidely;
somelookat/view…asnothingmorethan…;
thecasefor…hasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionfordecades;
Thereisaclear-cutevidencethat…;
(Airpollution)….isincreasinglybecomingthefocusof(governmentandcitizen)…concernaroundtheglobe.
Thescopeoftheproblemfacingtheworld’scitiesisimmense.
…hasbeenprovidingevidencethat…;
…respondto…by…ratherthanby…
Theroleofgovernmentin…(environmentalmanagement)isdifficultbutinescapable.
Todayscienceisanincreasinglyspecializedandcompartmentalizedsubject,thedomainofeGpertsknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.
…isamatterofsomedispute.;
…(collaborationbetween…)isnotwithoutdifficulties.
…newsolutionstothisoldproblemarebeingproposed,trailedandimplementedwitheverincreasingspeed.
Acanbeattributedtoadiversearrayoffactors.But…(two)ofthesefactorsaremostvital…
Atraditional/conventionaltheoryholds/claimsthat…
Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthenegativeimpactsof….Little,however,hasbeensaidaboutthevalues/contributionsof…
Nothingismoreserious/formidableanddemandingthan…(theshortageoffreshwater,especiallyinthedevelopingcountries.)
+Agreement:
Generally,Iagreewiththeargumentthat…;
Itendtoagreethat…;
Itisundoubtedlytruethat…;
…(provided…)…thereisnoreasonwhy…cannot/shouldnot…;
I’mconvincedthat…;
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…;
Nobodydeniesthat…;
ithasbeenawidelyheldopinion…;
Scientistshavedemonstratedthat…;
Scientificevidenceindicatesthat…;
Thisisawelcomeddevelopment.Thispointwelljustifiesitself.
Thisassertionisnotonlylogicallyvalidbutalsoconstructiveto…
+Disagreement:
Iamunconvincedthat/by…;
Idon’tbelievethat...;
it’shardtoacceptthat…;
butitisnotclearthatthisoppositionisclear…;
thereislittleevidencetosupport/show(the…)that…;
itisunjustifiabletosaythat…;
Idisagreewithpeoplewhosaythat…;
therearesomedrawbacksto…;
…befarfrombeingaperfectsolution;
+Others:
myresponsetothisargumentdependson…;
Iwouldcontendthat…;
inthecaseof…;
+让步:
Theredoesseemtobeevidencethat…,butthepictureisnouniformanddon’treallydemonstrate…;
admittedly;
…However,itwouldbewrongtosaythat…;
+比较:
nowhereisthismoreobviousthanin…;
bycontrast;
.becomparableto…比得上;
similarly,equally;
+Support:
Indeed;
infact;
foreGample/instance;
ifthisis/werethecase;
inmyeGperience;
letmeillustrate…;
naturally…;
agoodeGampleofthisis…;
beacontributingfactor;
+transition:
Yet…;
..isanrareeGception…;
bycontrast…;
farfrombeing…;
whereas…;
moreworryingly…;
inthesameway…;
afurtherpointis…;
moreseriously…;
furthermore;
anotherpointisthat…;
…inturn,…;
Itisalsothecasethat…
+伴随/因果:
Beaccompaniedby…;
bycompoundedby…;
belinkedwith…;
beassociatedwith…;
beattributedto…;
begroundedin…;
tocontributeto…;
Conclusion:
Tosumup;
ingeneral/conclusion;
overall,toconclude,ultimately;
inthefinalanalysis;
inanutshell简单地;
…isthewaytogo.;
tounderstandthat…isnotthesameasacquiescinginthisstateofaffairs.
成(正)比例be(indirect)proportionalto…;
themostdesirablefeature…is…;
…thiseternalproblemhasnowtakenanunprecedentedscaleandthatitcanonlybedealtwithbyconcertedworldwideaction.
Inviewofsuch…,urgentstepsshouldbetaken/attentionmustbepaidto/importanceshouldbeattachedto/thoughtshouldbegivento/measuresshouldbetaken.
Thetypeofactionneededagainst…(passivesmoking)shouldbesimilartothatbeingtakenagainst…(illegaldrugsandAIDS.)
Havinglaidthefoundationsof…(science),…(amateurs)willhavemuchtocontributetoitsever-eGpandingedifice.
Words&
Phrases:
认为think,hold,claim,proclaim,view,debate,argue;
不包含notcounting…
影响toaffect/touch
引起arisingfrom,bringabout
想象imagine,visualize
经济拮据financialconcerns/cares/pressures
人people,individuals
失业unemployed,jobless
聚积财富makemoneyandpossesluGuries,amasswealthandpossessions
天生bebornwith,beendowedwith
特别的special,supernormal
永不屈服的精神aneversurrenderattitude,anunrelentingdrivetosucceed
伟人/成功人士greatachievers
成绩优异的学生high-achievingstudents,Astudents
Approachable平易近人的,assertive断定的;
过分自信的;
inclusive内容丰富的,charismatic超凡魅力的
detrimental有害的
举例illustrationof
直觉siGthsense,intuition
回报payoff,rewards
新的new,changed,altered
灌输思想imbuesb.with…;
inculcateinsb.the…
许多alargeportionof,abounteoussourceof
提供tofurnish
热起来toboom,eGplodeinpopularity
积极反应reactedpositively,performedaccordingly
Todrawthelinebetween…
Consequently;
subsequently后来,随后;
alternatively(usedtosuggestanotherpossibility);
belowaverage(in…);
far-reaching深远的,广大的
.toembarkupon…;
thetrendhasbeen…
.makeno…(economic)sense;
theproportionisrising;
Richindignity,abundantwithopportunity
UsefuleGpressions&
Sentences:
1.tohonethemanagementsystem…;
2.…beobtainedonlyatasubstantialandseriouscostto…;
3.thenatureof(business)…wassuchthat…;
4.Itisfearedthatunless…(pollutionreductionmeasuresareabletokeeppacewiththecontinuedpressuresofurbangrowth,airqualityinmanyoftheworld’smajorcitieswilldeterioratebeyondreason)…
5.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.
6.Theoverallfashionstatementmadeontheredcarpetthisyearleanedtowardprimarycolors…
7.DressingcelebritiesfortheOscarsisnormallyahorseraceamongdesignersuntiltheverylastminute.
8.Indeed,thecompetitioncanbeugly.
9.Itshouldprobablycomeasnosurprisethat…(thenomineeswear)…seemsincreasinglytheresultof…(abusinesstransaction)…morethan…(anactoftasteontheirpart.)
10.…theprogrammersonthego“24/7”collapsedwitheGhaustionattheirworkstation…
11.ThetrueeGtentof…(Huawei’sinternational)reachishardtogauge.
12.Itlacksthemuscleofrivals.
13.Buttheglobalfootprintof(Chinesecompanies)…isstillratherfaint.
14.Whenpolicymaking,thesearchforpower,andthepursuitofwealthhavenootherobjectsthantoeGciteadmirationorenvy,menlosethesenseofobjectivities,alwaysprecarious(不确[稳,安]定的)underthebestofcircumstances.Impressionsovershadowachievements.
15.Andwhatoflove?
YoucannothopetofindlovebyeGperimentingbiologically;
youdon’tbuildlovebecreatingalivingsituationtotestit;
youdon’tcreatelovebysettingaforcedproGimity.
16.Job&
future:
+Theycanhardlyconceiveofacareerthatwasnotpreplanned.TheycanhardlyimagineallowingthehandofGodorchancetoleadthemdowntheunforeseentrail.
+Doingpart-timejobscanhelpuscontactwithsociety,analternativewaytogetknowledge.
+Theywantamap–rightnow–thattheycanfollowdirectlytocareersecurity,financialsecurity,socialsecurity,andpresumably,apreparedgrave.
17.Itwouldcertainlybeunnaturalforsomeonetototallyisolatethemselves.Butitwouldbeequallyunnaturalforapersontoallowhismindtodieofneglect.
18.Technology
+Fromthatsciencewillcometherealizationthatdespitetechnology,mandoesnoteGercisedominionovernature.
+NotsincethecarradiohasatechnologysoalteredthenatureofthedrivingeGperienceasthecellulartelephone.
+Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationistherapiddevelopmentoftechnologywhichenablesthedeliveryofinformationwithgreaterspeed.
+PerhapsnochangehascharacterizedthepastdecademoredramaticallythantheeGplosionofnewtechnologiesofcommunication.
19.Education
+