《stepbystep3000》第二册unit8原文及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

《stepbystep3000》第二册unit8原文及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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4.GreenSchoolProjectisanorganizationthathelpsschoolsacrosstheUSwiththeirbudgetsin

ordertoreducetheamountofwastethatgoestothelandfill.

5.OnDecember10,2007,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeandAlGoreJr.were

awardedtheNobelPeacePrizefor“theireffortstobuildupanddisseminategreater

knowledgeaboutman-madeclimatechange,andtolaythefoundationsforthemeasuresthat

areneededtocounteractsuchchange.”

6.FriendsoftheEarthInternationalistheworld’slargestgrassrootsenvironmentalnetwork,

uniting70nationalmembergroupsandsome5,000localactivistgroupsoneverycontinent.It

campaignsontoday’smosturgentenvironmentalandsocialissues.

7.EEBEuropeanEnvironmentalBureauisanon-governmentalorganizationwith143member

organizationsin31countries.Itsspecificmissionistopromoteenvironmentalpoliciesand

sustainablepoliciesontheEuropeanUnionlevel.

8.TheSurfriderFoundationisanon-profitgrassrootsorganizationdedicatedtotheprotection

andenjoymentoftheworld’soceans,wavesandbeaches.Foundedin1984inCalifornia,it

nowmaintainsover50,000membersworldwide.

9.USGBCTheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilisanon-profitorganizationcommittedto

transformingthewaybuildingsandcommunitiesaredesigned,builtandoperated,enabling

andenvironmentallyandsociallyresponsible,healthy,andprosperousenvironmentthat

improvesthequalityoflife.

10.Foundedin1977,theAlliancetoSaveEnergyisanon-profitorganizationthatsupports

energyefficiencyandadvocatesenergy-efficiencypoliciesthatminimizecoststosocietyand

individualconsumers,andthatlessengreenhousegasemissionsandtheirimpactontheglobal

climate.

11.TheEarthOrganizationisagrassrootsinternationalnon-profit,conservationand

environmentalorganization,withnewsolutions,committedtothecreative,responsible

rehabilitationofPlanetEarthandtheplantandanimalkingdoms.

12.TWPTrees,Water&

Peopleisanonprofitorganizationfoundedin1998,helping

communitiesprotect,conserve,andmanagethenaturalresourcesuponwhichtheirlong-term

well-beingdepends.

13.AmericanForestsisAmerica’soldestnonprofitcitizens’conservationorganizationfoundedin

1875.Itworkstoprotect,restoreandenhancethenaturalcapitaloftreesandforests.Healthy

forestsfilterwater,removeairpollution,sequestercarbon,andprovidehomesforwildlife.

14.GAATheGlobalAmphibianAssessmentisthefirst-evercomprehensiveassessmentofthe

conservationstatusoftheworld’s5,918knownspeciesoffrogs,toads,salamanders,and

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caecilians.Almost600scientistsfrom60countrieshavenowcontributedtotheproject.

15.ASESTheAmericanSolarEnergySociety,foundedin1954,isanon-profitorganization

dedicatedtoincreasingtheuseofsolarenergy,energyefficiency,andothersustainable

technologiesintheU.S.

B

1.Buyfreshfoodthatdoesn’tneedalotofpackaging.

2.Trytobuy“organic”fruitandvegetablesfromfarmerswhodon‘tusechemicals.

3.Saveasmuchwateraspossible.

4.Useproductsthatwon’tstayforeverintheearthorseawhenyouthrowthenaway.

5.Usebottlesmorethanonceortakethemtoabottlebank.

6.Trytosavepaper.Also,buyanduserecycledpaperasoftenaspossible.

7.Avoid“throw-away”products.

8.Makesurethatyourfamilyandfriendsuseunleadedpetrolintheircars.

9.Don’tbuyproducts（furorivory,forexample）madefromrareorprotectedspecies.

10.Usepublictransportationasoftenaspossible.

11.Ifyou’rebuyingwood,don’tchoosehardwoodformtropicalrainforests.

12.Lookforaerosolswhichhaven’tgotanyCFCsinthem.

13.Don’tbuyhamburgersorpizzasinplasticboxeswhichcontainCFCs.

14.Usebatteriesaslittleaspossible.Ittakes50timesmoreenergytomakethemthanthey

produce.

15.Don’tleaveonelectriclights,TV,hi-fi,etc.,ifyou’renotusingthem.

16.Findoutmoreaboutconservationissuesinyourarea.Arethereanywoodsorfieldsindanger,

forexample?

17.Trytothrowawayatleast25%lessrubbish.

18.Helpoldpeopleinyourareatoinsulatetheirhomes.Thissavesenergyandhelpstokeep

themwarminwinter.

19.Visitanylocalnaturereservesorzoosandtalktothepeoplewhorunthem.

Part?

CampaignCaliforniaRe-LeafasinL-E-A-FwaskickedoffrecentlywithapartyinSanFrancisco’sWashingtonSquareParkthrownbyacoalitionofsevenurbanforestrygroups.Thefocusofthepartywastheplantingofasingletree,thefirstof20milliontobeplantedin40Californiancitiesoverthenextdecade.Thetreeplantingcampaignisanattempttodeflatewhat’s

beencalledtheGreenhouseEffect.Scientistsbelievethattheearthisgettingwarmerbecauseofanaccumulationofcarbondioxideintheair.Treestakecarbondioxideoutoftheair.

MartinRosenisthedirectoroftheTrustforPublicLand,theorganizationthatiscoordinationthestat-widetreeplatingeffort.“Timeisnotneutral.Wearesorapidlydepletingtheatmosphere,wearesorapidlychangingtheclimate,thatunlesswestartnowthesituationmaywellbecomeirreversible.”

Somemoviestarswereonhandforthetreeplantingceremony.ActorPeterCyoteservedasthemasterofceremonies.“Unlesstheenvironmentalmovementcomesintoeverybody’slife,in

realsimpleactivities,it’snotgoingtowork.Plantingatreeisrealsimple.SoIwantedtoparticipateinsomethingthatwasreallyaccessibletothecitizen,justtoeverydaypeople,to

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children.Sothatascitizenswecandoalot.”

AfterPeterCyoteintroducedafewspeakersandacoupleofsongsweresung,theceremonymovedovertoacorneroftheparkwhereagroupofyoungstersplantedaCopperBeechtree.

IsobelWadeisthestatecoordinatorforCampaignCaliforniaRe-Leaf.Wadesaysthetreeplantingsareimportantbecausetheywillhelpcleanupthecarbondioxideintheatmosphere,improvetheenvironmentandmakeneighborhoodsmoreattractive,butIsobelWadecautionsitisn’tenough.“It’sonestepinacombinationofthings.Theotherkindsofthingsthatwecanallbedoingarebeingmuchmoreconsciousabouthowweuseenergyinourhome,whetherwe’re

buying—ah—fuelefficientcarsandproducts,whetherwe’reusingStyrofoamwhenwedon’thave

tobe,--ah—whetherwe’returningofflightbulbswhenwe—ah—leavetheroom—um—andjust

avarietyofpersonalactionslikerecyclingthatweneedtostartthinkingaboutanddoingmore.”

IsobelWadealsosaysshe’dlovetoseeeveryoneinCalifornia’surbanarrearstakethetime

toplantonetreeandtakecareoftheonesthatarealreadygrowing.

KeyB

1.plantingsingletree

2.deflateGreenhouseEffect/takeCO2

3.realsimpleactivities/accessibletopeople/citizens/doalot

4.cleanupCO2/improveenvironment/neighborhoodsattractive

5.avarietyofpersonalactions

PartIII

Whenyougotothesupermarket,canyouresistusingplasticbags?

Forlotofus,probablywon’t.Whatyoueatout?

Canyouguaranteenottouseanyplastictableware?

Andhowaboutifsomeoneasksyou;

canyourecommendareplacementforplasticproducts?

Don’tsaypaper!

Here

isanewsolution;

biodegradableplastic!

Aseveryoneknows,plasticisabigenvironmentalheadachealthoughitbringsusmuchconvenience.Likeplasticbags,plasticfoodcontainers,andplastictableware.Butitisperhapsthemostharmfulofallourgarbagebecauseitdoesnoteasilybreakdowninnature.

AresearcherformtheChineseAcademyofSciences,JiJunhuisaysheandhiscolleagueshavefoundabettersolution.

“WhenthePBSinthebiodegradableplasticcomesincontactwithmicroorganismsorenzymes,theplasticstructurewilldegradeintosmallerpieces,andfinallyitturnsintowaterandcarbondioxide.Thisishowthebreak-downprocessworks.”

PBSisachemicalcomponentthatisthekeytothisnewbiodegradableplastic.Itcanhelptheplasticdegradeintonon-pollutingelements,sothebroken-downplasticfragmentscanbeabsorbedbysoilandwater.

PBSisnotanentirelynewproduct,however,thisChina-madebiodegradableplasticissaferandmoreheat-resistant.AccordingtoJiJun-hui,testinghasshownthat90%ofthisnewbiodegradableplasticcanbedegradedwithin90days.Anditeventakesashorterperiodoftimeifitisburiedinadumpratherthanexposedtotheair.

Usually,biodegradableplasticfoodcontainersmadeinothercountrieswillmeltwhenthetemperaturereaches60degreeCelsius,whiletheChineseproductcanretainitsshapeinupto100degrees.

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However,JiJunhuisayshis-techproductsoftencomeatahigherprice.

“PBSproductisabitmoreexpensivethanordinaryplastic.Takingaplasticbowlasanexample,thePBSbowlcanbe20%moreexpensivethanthecurrentplasticbowlweuse.”

SomehotelsandrestaurantsinShanghaihavealreadystartedusingthenewPBSbiodegradableplasticfoodcontainers,andtheproductwillbepopularizedinBeijingaswellasinotherbigcities.

Itwillplayaroleinthe2008OlympicGa