期末试题A语言学导论Word文档下载推荐.docx

期末试题A语言学导论Word文档下载推荐.docx

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总分

评卷人

分数

20

10

100

评分

I.Decidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions（1×

20=20%）:

1.（）Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptiveB.analytic

C.descriptiveD.linguistic

2.（）Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement

C.DualityD.Meaningfulness

3.（）Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.

A.voicelessB.voiced

C.vowelD.consonantal

4.（）__________isavoicedalveolarstop.

A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/

5.（）_______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.

A.FreemorphemesB.Boundmorphemes

C.BoundwordsD.Words

6.（）_________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

A.SyntaxB.Grammar

C.MorphologyD.Morpheme

7.（）Thesentencestructureis________.

A.onlylinearB.onlyhierarchical

C.complexD.bothlinearandhierarchical

8.（）Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.

A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite

9.（）Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

B.Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.

C.Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.

D.Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.

10.（）“CanIborrowyourbike?

”_______“Youhaveabike.”

A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwith

C.entailsD.presupposes

11.（）_________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.

A.PragmaticsB.Semantics

C.SenserelationD.Concept

12.（）Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething___________intraditionalsemantics.

A.contextualB.behaviouristic

C.intrinsicD.logical

13.（）Childrenrefertoallfour-leggedanimalsasdogs.Thisphenomenoniscalled__________.

A.underdergeneralizationB.overgeneralization

C.formulationD.articulation

14.（）“Shedecidestohitit”spokenas“Shedecidetohitsit”isaslipofthetongue.Thistypeofslipsofthetongueiscalled______________.

A.exchangeB.blend

C.shiftD.deletion

15.（）Accordingto_________________,thereisnosuchcaseinwhichonememberisbetterthanothersinthesamecategory.

A.theclassicaltheoryB.theprototypetheory

C.thespeechacttheoryD.thebehavioristtheory

16.（）“Heporedhimselfaglassofwineandopenedthebottle”isunacceptablebecausethisutteranceviolatestheprincipleof___________.

A.PolitenessPrincipleB.CooperativePrinciple

C.ordericonicityD.distanceiconicity

17.（）Therearemorphemesintheword"

boyish"

.

A.oneB.two

C.threeD.four

18.（）InEnglish"

-ize"

and"

-tion"

arecalled.

A.prefixesB.suffixes

C.infixesD.freemorphemes

19.（）Thewords"

make"

bus"

arecalledbecausetheycanoccurunattached.

A.derivationalmorphemesB.inflectionalmorphemes

C.boundmorphemesD.freemorphemes

20.（）L.Bloomfieldisa（n）linguist.

A.AmericanB.British

C.SwissD.Russian

II.Fillintheblanks（1×

1.Languageisasystemofarbitrary_______________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.

2.Formalismisthestudyoftheabstractformsoflanguageandtheir__________relations.

3.Synchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofthewaya____________changesoveraperiodoftime.

4.Arbitrarinessreferstothefactthatthereisno____________（intrinsicordirect）connectionbetweensoundsandmeanings.

5.Vowelsarespeechsoundsintheproductionofwhichthe_____________fromthelungsisnotblockedinanywayinthemouthornose,andthevocalcordsareusuallyvibrated.

6.Minimalpairisapairofwordsthatdifferbyonlya___________soundinthesameposition.

7.Descriptiveapproachisanapproachtakenbylinguistswhodescribewhatpeople______________say.

8.Immediateconstituentanalysis（ICanalysis）isanapproachadoptedbystructurallinguisticstotheanalysisofsentence______________.

9.Ideationalfunctionreferstotheuseoflanguageasameansofgivingstructuretoour___________________oftherealorimaginaryworld.

10.Textualfunctionisthefunctiontocreatewrittenorspokentextswhichcoherewithinthemselvesandwhichfittheparticular_________________inwhichtheyareused.

11.Referencereferstothe____________________betweenwordsandthethings,action,events,andqualitiestheystandfor.

12.Connotativemeaningisthecommunicativevaluethatawordoracombinationofwordshasbyvirtueofwhatitrefersto,overandaboveitspurely________content.

13.Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweentermsina________________,whereamoreparticularterm（thehyponym）isincludedinthemoregeneralone.

14.Meronymyisatermusedtodescribea_______________relationshipbetweenlexicalitems.

15.Semanticroleistherolethatits_________________playsintheaction,state,orsituationdescribedbythesentence.

16.Semanticfield（lexicalfield）isasetofwordswithan___________________semanticconnection.

17.CooperativePrincipleisaprinciplewherebythoseinvolvedincommunicationassumethatbothpartieswill__________________seektocooperatewitheachothertoestablishagreedmeaning.

18.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyoflanguagesandmind:

the_________________structuresandprocesseswhichareinvolvedintheacquisition,comprehensionandproductionoflanguage.

19.Theclassicaltheoryistheviewthat_____________________aredefinedbyalimitedsetofnecessaryandsufficientconditions.

20.Grammaticalizationreferstothe_______________ofanindependentwordtothestatusofagrammaticalelement.

III.Givedefinitionstothefollowingterms（2×

5=10%）:

1.assimilation:

_____________________________________________________

2.syntax:

_________________________________________________________

3.categorization:

___________________________________________________

4.pragmatics:

______________________________________________________

5.semantics:

_______________________________________________________

IV.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish（1×

10=10%）:

1.言语行为__________________________

2.递归______________________________

3.词根______________________________

4.隐喻______________________________

5.元音______________________________

6.后缀______________________________

7.音节______________________________

8.语义角色__________________________

9.语域______________________________

10.有标记的__________________________

V.Oneofthemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagesisarbitrariness.Canyoubrieflyexplainwhatthisfeaturerefersto?

Supportyourargumentwithexamples（10%）:

VI.Putthefollowingtermsinatreediagramtoshowtheirlogicalrelationship（10%）:

affix,suffix,freeroot,boundroot,derivationalaffix,prefix,morpheme,boundmorpheme,inflectionalaffix,freemorpheme

VII.Explainthesemanticambiguityofthefollowingsentencesbyprovidingothertwosentencesthatparaphrasethetwodifferentmeanings（2×

Example:

Shecan’tbearchildren.→

a.Shecan’tgivebirthtochildren.

b.Shecan’ttoleratechildren.

1.Hewaitedbythebank.→

a.___________________________________

b.___________________________________

2.Ishereallythatkind?

→

3.Weboughtherdogbiscuits.→

4.Hesawthatgasolinecanexplode.→

5.Fiftysoldiersshotthreewildfoxes.→

VIII.Inacategorytherearemanymembers,buttheydifferinprototypicality.Goodexamplesofthecategoryarecalledprototypesandbadexamplesnonprototypes.ThefollowingaresomeofthemembersintheBIRDcategory:

ostrichsparrowpenguingooseduck

doverobinowlpeacockparrot

Putthemintothefollowingthreegroups（10%）:

GroupI（Prototypical）:

__________________________________________________________________

GroupII（Neitherprototypicalnornonprototypical）:

GroupII（Nonprototypical）: