英语六级真题及答案第三套Word下载.docx

英语六级真题及答案第三套Word下载.docx

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Therefore,itishightimeforustostrengthentheimportanceofmaintainingtrustbetweenbusinessesandconsumerstopromotethehealthydevelopmenttofthewholesocialeconomy.

PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）

说明：

由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

DidSarahJosephaHalewrite"

Mary'

sLittleLamb,"

theeternalnurseryrhyme（儿歌）aboutagirlnamedMarywithastubbornlamb?

Thisisstilldisputed,butit'

sclearthatthewoman26forwritingitwasoneofAmerica'

smostfascinating27.Inhonorofthepoem'

spublicationonMay24,1830,here'

smoreaboutthe28author'

slife.

Halewasn'

tjustawriter,shewasalsoa29socialadvocate,andshewasparticularly30withanidealNewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundantThanksgivingmealsthatsheclaimedhad"

adeepmoralinfluence."

Shebegananationwide31tohaveanationalholidaydeclaredthatwouldbringfamiliestogetherwhilecelebratingthe32festivals.In1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingletterstofivepresidents,Halegotit.PresidentAbrahamLincoln,duringtheCivilWar,issueda33settingasidethelastThursdayinNovemberfortheholiday.

Thetrueauthorshipof"

sLittleLamb"

isdisputed.AccordingtotheNewEnglandHistoricalSociety,Halewroteonlypartofthepoem,butclaimedauthorship.Regardlessoftheauthor,itseemsthatthepoemwas34byarealevent.WhenyoungMarySawyerwasfollowedtoschoolbyalambin1816,itcausedsomeproblems.AbystandernamedJohnRoulstonewroteapoemabouttheevent,then,atsomepoint,Haleherselfseemstohavehelpedwriteit.

However,ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobetrusted,Haleclaimedforthe35ofherlifethat"

someotherpeoplepretendedthatsomeoneelsewrotethepoem"

.

A）campaign

B）career

C）characters

D）features

E）fierce

F）inspired

G）latter

H）obsessed

I）proclamation

J）rectified

K）reputed

L）rest

M）supposed

N）traditional

O）versatile

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

GrowPlantsWithoutWater

A）Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we’vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush（茂盛的）leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:

SouthAfrica'

songoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades—willcostatleastaquarterofitscorncropthisyear.

B）BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewildplantsthatadapttoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth'

sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomeplaces,thoseanswerswillgrowevenmorevaluable."

ThetypeoffarmingI'

maimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit'

sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,"

Farrantsays.

C）Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsrearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoilandexposedtotheelements.Yetontheseandsimilarformationsindesertsaroundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changingconditions.

D）Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants（复苏植物）.Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun,theywither,shrinkandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgrayleaves.Butrainfallcanrevivetheminamatterofhours.Hertime-lapse（间歇性拍摄的）videosoftherevivalslooklikesomeoneplayingatapeoftheplant'

sdeathinreverse.

E）Thebigdifferencebetween"

drought-tolerant"

plantsandthesetoughplants:

metabolism.Manydifferentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticstoweatherdryspells.Someplantsstorereservesofwatertoseethemthroughadrought;

otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurfacewatersupplies.Butoncetheseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheundergroundsupply,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.Theymaybeabletohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeopleusetheterm"

droughttolerant"

todescribesuchplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingtoconsumewater,soFarrantpreferstocallthemdroughtresistant.

F）Resurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthan0.1gramsofwaterpergramofdrymass,aredifferent.Theylackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolisms,producingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissues.Astheplantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,thenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis"

themoststablestatethattheplantcanmaintain,"

Farrantsays.Thatslowstheplant'

smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.Theplantsalsochangeshape,shrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheirremainingwatermightevaporate.Theycanrecoverfrommonthsandyearswithoutwater,dependingonthespecies.

G）Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?

Seeds—almostallofthem.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudied"

recalcitrantseeds（顽拗性种子）,"

suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate—theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout（asyoumayknowifyou'

veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit）.Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitoutthedry,unwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysprout（发芽）.Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnottoretaintheabilitytohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorleaves.

H）AftercompletingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhetheritmightbepossibletoisolatethepropertiesthatmakemostseedssoresilient（迅速恢复活力的）andtransferthemtootherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesisthattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionplants'

responsetodryness.Manyofthemarethesamethatregulatehowseedsbecomedryness-tolerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants—andhowtoreproducethemincrops."

Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,"

Farrantsays."

We'

relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch."

I）OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofwhichswitchestothrow,theywillhavetofindthebestwaytodosoinusefulcrops."

I'

mtryingthreemethodsofbreeding,"

Farrantsays:

conventional,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheisawarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanttoeatgeneticallymodifiedcrops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavailabletooluntiloneworks.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottousewhicheverversionprevails：

"

mgivingpeopleanoption."

J）