职称英语考试高频词基础语法1Word文档格式.docx
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加上后缀al，变成了名词proposal，建议，提议。
了解构词法一方面会使记忆英语单词有规律可循，节省大量时间，另一方面会有助于理解单词在句子中所承担的句子成分，更容易理顺句子的逻辑关系。
因为句子成分是有不同词性的单词构成，我们以最常见的基本句子S+V+O为例，名词、代词只能在句子中做主语、宾语、表语，补语，形容词修饰主语、宾语或做补语、表语，动词作谓语，副词修饰动词或作整个句子的状语，所以记单词不仅要记对应的汉语意思，更要记词性，记住词性对正确理解句子非常有帮助，不然的话，句子成了单词的堆砌，理不出头绪。
不同词性常常有固定的后缀形式，下面列举一些希望大家掌握：
表示名词的常用后缀有：
-ion,tion,ation:
collection收集observation观察
-ment:
arrangement安排development发展
-ness:
kindness仁慈happiness高兴
-ship:
friendship友谊membership会员资格
-ty，-ity:
cruelty残忍purity纯净
-er,–or,-ian,-ist:
writer作家conductor导体politician政治家scientist科学家
表示动词的常用后缀：
-en:
fasten扎牢shortten缩小
-ify:
beautify美化simplify简化
-ize:
modernize现代化standardize标准化
表示形容词的常用后缀：
-able,ible,ble:
acceptable可接受的,divisible可分开的
-al:
environmental环境的,exceptional例外的,
-ful:
beautiful漂亮的,useful有用的
-ic，-ical:
atomic原子的,economical节约的
-ive:
attractive有吸引力的,effective有效的
-ous:
dangerous危险的,famous著名的
-y:
dirty脏的，thirsty渴的
表示副词的常用后缀：
-ly:
compeletely完全地，really真正地
-ward:
backward向后,onward向前
-wise:
clockwise顺时针的,likewise同样地
还有一些词在词形不变的情况下词性也发生变化：
Dreamv.nbettera..v.
Airnv..digestn.v.
Emptya.v.conductn.v.
另外一些表示相反意思的前缀也需要必须掌握：
un-:
uncomfortable不舒服,unload卸货
dis-:
dislike不喜欢，disagree不同意
in-:
informal非正式的，inaccurate不准确的
ir-:
irregular不规则，irresponsible不负责的
il-:
illegal不合法的，illogical不合理的
de-:
decode解码devalue降低价值
英语最基本句型：
（basicsentencepattern）
S+VTheSunisRising.Theoldmanwalksslowly.Theplanewilltakeoff.
Thefruitstorehasclosed.TheywillflytoBeijing.
S+V+OHeisreadingabook.I’vejustseenafilm.Themachineisdrillingahole.
Theteachercorrectedherpoorpronunciationmorethanonce.
StorytellinghasmanystrengthsinimprovingoralEnglishskills.
3S+V+O+C
以下这类动词，需加宾语补足语才能使句子意义完整。
Appoint,believe,call,catch,elect,feel,find,hear,keep,leave,（听任）discover,make,need,prefer,prove,see,warn.
TheyappointedMr.WhiteMinisterofForeignAffairs.
Thoughheisyoung,theycallhimlaoli.
Hemademestayhere.Ipreferyoutostaywithus.
Iwarnhimnottobelate.
Theshopassistantkeptthecustomerwaitingaverylongtime.
Hefoundthephotohiddenunderapileofpeper.
Youcanleavethechildinmycare.
4.S+V+O+O
有些动词是代双宾语的及物动词：
give,tell,send,leave,pass,write,take,show,get,lend,rent,buy,pay,hand,order,recommend.
Itoldhimthestory.Helentmehiscar.Thenewwaysavedusmuchtime.
Couldyoudomefavorplease?
Thepresidentawardedhimthefirstprize.
5.S+V+C
常用系动词：
be,become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,fall,hold,keep,stand,stay,sell,sound,taste.
Themotorisoutoforder.Therosessmellsweet.
Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.
Theplansoundsperfect.Themewsisexciting.
Don’tgetexcited,please.
Hisplanistospendafewdaysinthemountains.
Herjobisnursingthedisabled.
千变万化的，最复杂的句型都是由这五种基本句型演变而来的。
掌握英语的基本句型意义在于：
当句子带了很多从句的时候可以很清晰地找到句子主干，（例如：
S（主语从句）+V（状语）+O（宾语从句））很快理顺句子逻辑含义，为整篇文章的阅读打下良好的基础。
三、句子结构：
简单句，一个主语和一个谓语的句子，比如刚讲过的五种基本句型。
Viocesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswellastheeye.
并列句：
两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词连在一起的句子。
常用的等立连词有，and,so,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,or,otherwise,either…or,but,yet,still,however,while,whereas,for等。
例如：
Hurryuporyoumaybelateforthemeeting.
Thelightwasred,soIhadtostopmycar.
Heiswelloversixty,buthedoesnotlookatallold.
Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven’tenough.
Herethewaterisquiet，forthereislittlewind.
Igavehimallheaskedfor,yethewasstillnotsatisfied.
Sheisfat,whereasherhusbandisthin.
Shecan’tread,neithercanshewrite.
SometimesIlaugh,sometimesIamdown.
复合句：
由一个主句和一个以上的从句所构成的句子。
关联词将从句和主句联系在一起，例如：
Thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheycanlearnfromtheirmistakes.
Whowillchairthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.
Mostadultswhoarelearningaforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththestatement.
Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.
Wemoveourheadsfromsidetosidewhenwewanttosay“no”.
从句
名词从句：
有主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。
引导从句的关联词三类：
主从连词that,whether,if
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which
连接副词when，where,why,how
主语从句例句：
Whattheyareafterisprofit.Whenthemeetingistobeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.
Thatthemoonmovesroundtheearthiswellknowntoallofus.
Whethershewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.
Whichwayismoreeffectiveisstillaquestion.
Itiswellknowntoallofusthatthemoonmovesroundtheearth.
宾语从句例句：
Alittleobservationwillshowhowthetemperaturechange.
Weknowthataparrotcan’treallyspeak.
Hewantstotelluswhathethinks.
Uptonowwecan’tsaywhetherhistheorycanstandthetest.
Sheaskedtheteacherwhysomewordswerehardtoremenber.
Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured.
表语从句例句：
Thatiswhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.
Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.
Oneideaisthatfishisthebestbrainfood.
Myquestionishowinformationisstoredinthelong-termmemory.
That’swhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.
Rawmaterialiswhatwearebadlyinneedof.
同位语从句例句：
主句中有些词义比较抽象的名词，如belief,evidence,idea,fact,hope,possibility,thought等，可以用that引出从句叫做同位语从句。
Isthereanyproofthatthefoodoftheplantdiffersfromthatofanimals?
Weallknowthefactthatorganizationhelpsmemorization.
Thereisnodoubtthatalargenumberofpeoplebenefitfromheartsurgery.
Ihaveanideathatparentsshouldmonitorthekindoftelevisiontheirchildrenwatch.
ThereisthenewsthatsomeBritishcustomerswillvisitourcompany.
在名词从句中有时会用先行主语it来代替从句例如：
结构一：
It+be/seem+形容词+名词从句
Itisoddthathehasn’tphoned.
Itiscertainthatpriceswillgoup.
Itissplendidthatyoupassedyourexam.
Itisstrangethattherenolightson.
结构二：
It+be/seem+a+名词+名词从句这样的名词有mercy,miracle,nuisance,pity,shame,relief,wonder等。
Itisagreatpity（that）theydidn’tgetmarried.
Itisawonder（that）theyweren’tkilled.
Itisagoodthing（that）youwereinsured.
结构三：
It+be+表示情感的形容词如glad,pleased,relieved,sorry等
IamashamedthatI‘venothingbettertoofferyou.
Iamsorrytosaythatwehavenonews.
She’safraidthathewon’tbelieveher.
Itneveroccurredtomethatperhapshewaslying.
Itstrucktomethasteveryonewasunusuallysilent.
状语从句：
在复合句中作状语
原因状语从句通常由下列词引导：
because（因为），as（由于）,`since（既然，由于）
nowthat（既然）notthat…butthat（不是因为…而是因为）
As/becauce/since
Wecampedthereas/because/sinceitwastoodarktogoon.
As/Becauce/Sinceitwastoodarktogoon,wecampedthere.
Nowthatallarepresent,let’sstartthediscussion.
Hefeltabitworried,notthathisstudentswerenotworkinghard,butthattheycaredlittlefortheirhealth.
以下两种情况表示inviewofthefactthat,不能用because来代替
As/since/seeingthatyouarehere,youmayaswellgivemeahand.
As/Since/SeeingthatTomknowsFrench,He’dbetterdothetalking.
有些原因从句只能由because和as引导
Thefuseblewbcausewehadoverloadedthecircuit.
Hewasangrybecausewewerelate.
Asitfrozehardthatnighttherewasiceeverywherenextday.
Asthesoupwasverysaltywewerethirstyafterwards.
这样的组合有时也用so来连接两个主句
Itwastoodarktogoon,sowecampedthere.
Youarehere,soyoumayaswellgivemeahand.
有时也可以用therefore,
Thefinnishdelegatehasnotyetarrived.Wearethereforepostponing.
结果状语从句由such/so...that引导
Theyhadsuchafiercedogthatnoonedaredtogoneartheirhouse.
Hespokeforsuchalongtimethatpeoplebegantofallasleep.
So是副词用于副词和不带名词的形容词前
Thesnowsofastthatourfootstepsweresooncoveredup.
Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.
当名词前有much和many时，只能用so
Therewassomuchdustthatwecouldn’tseewhatwashappening.
Somanypeoplecomplainedthattheytooktheprogrammeoff.
为了表示强调，So位于句首，后面动词要倒装
Soterriblewasthestormthatwholeroofswererippedoff.
让步状语从句:
由下列词引导：
although,though（虽然）as（尽管虽然）eventhough,evenif（即使）however,（尽管）whatever（不管）nomatter（how,what,where,when）（不管（怎样，什么，哪里，何时）whether…or（不管）although...still（尽管…还）
Althoug/thoug/Eventhough/Evenifyoudon’tlikehim，youcanstillbepolite.
Airhasweight,thoughitisverylight.
Evenifourcarcango100milesanhour,wecan’tgettherebyten.
Nomatterwhatyoudo,don’ttouchthisswitch.
Howeverrichpeopleare,theyalwaysseemanxioustomakemoremoney.
Howevercarefullyyoudrive,youwillprobalyhaveanaccidenteventually.
Whateveryoudo,don’ttellhimthatItoldyouthis.
Patientashewas,hehadnointentionofwaitingforthreehours.
TryasImight,Icouldn’tliftthestone.
Whetheryoujoinusornot,we’lldoitwell.
Althoughshefeltill，shestillwenttowork.
May表示让步
___Buthe’syourbrother!
___HemaybemybrotherbutIdon’ttrusthim!
比较从句
as+a./ad.+as（像一样），notas（so）+a./ad.+as（不像一样）,
形容词（副词）比较级+than,the…the…（越…越…）,as…so…（正如…那样）
It’sdarkertodaythanwasyesterday.
Hedoesn’tpayasmuchtaxaswedo.
Hespendsmoremoneythanheearns.
Hedidn’tplayaswellasweexpected/aswellasyoudid.
HesingsmoreloudlythananyoneI’veeverheard/thananyoneelsedoes.
YouworkharderthanIdidatyourage.
Thesooner,thebette
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