最新高中英语基本构词法及练习题Word文档下载推荐.docx

最新高中英语基本构词法及练习题Word文档下载推荐.docx

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a.前缀anti

anti-fascistanti-gasanti-imperialist

anti-JapaneseWar

b.前缀auto

autobiographyautography

c.前缀bi-

bicenturybilingual

d.前缀co

co-operationcoauthorcoheir

e.前缀de

deformdegradedevalue

f.前缀en-em

enableencourageendanger

enlargeenrichembitter

g.前缀ex

ex-soldierex-girlfriendex-wife

h.前缀mid-

middaymidnightmidtermmid-aged

i.前缀multi-

multiformmultilingualmultimediamultipurpose

j.21.前缀over-

overcrowdedoverworkoverloadoverproduce

overlookovercome

k.22.前缀pre-

prewarprehistoricprepayprecondition

l.前缀re-

rewritereviewrecycle

m.前缀vice-

vice-chairmanvice-governorvice-premiervice-president

二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；

少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。

（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有：

a、后缀-age，构成抽象名词

marriagepercentageshortagestorage

b.后缀al-构成抽象名词

arrivalrefusalapprovalsurvival

proposalremoval

c.后缀–an，-ian“人”从事……职业者”，构成名词。

Italianlibrarianmagicianvegetarian

musicianpoliticiantechnician

d.后缀-ance，-ence，构成名词.

appearanceallowanceexistencepresence

performanceignoranceinfluenceintelligence

evidencediligenceguidance

preferencesignificance

e.后缀-dom构成名词

kingdomfreedom

f、后缀-ee，-eer，-er，-or，构成表人的名词

beginnercompetitorconductordirectoremployee

engineerexamineeinterviewee

tailorvolunteer

g.后缀-ess构成表“雌性”的名词

actressgoddesshostesswaitress

h、后缀-ful构成表“容量单位”名词

abasketfulofahandfulofmouthfulspoonful

i.后缀-ics构成学科名词：

gymnasticsphysicspoliticsmathematics

j、后缀-ism，构成名词

Buddhismextremismimperialismterrorism

patriotismsocialismtourism

k、后缀-ist构成名词。

bioiogistchemisteconomistspecialist

extremistgeologistphysicist

l.后缀-ment构成抽象名词

advertisementagreementamusementappointmentargument

arrangementdevelopmentembarrassmentequipment

establishmentimprovementjudgmentrequirementtreatment

m.后缀-ness构成抽象名词：

coolnesscorrectnessdampness

m.后缀-sion构成抽象名词：

aggressioncomparisonconclusionexpressioninvasion

permissiontension

n.后缀-th构成抽象名词

birthdepthlengthstrengthwarmth

widthyouth

0.后缀-tion构成动作名词或抽象名词

applicationcelebrationclassificationcreation

congratulationconsiderationconsolidationdescription

p.后缀–ure，构成抽象名词

failuremixture

q.以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词

abilitycuriosityelectricityequality

identitymajorityprosperitysociety

（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有：

a.后缀-en，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。

名词后的-en构成形容词

brightendeepenflattenfrightenloosen

sharpenstrengthenwiden

woodenwoolen

b.后缀–ize，构成及物动词

apologizeanalysecategorize

organizerealize

（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有：

a.后缀-able

acceptableadjustableadmirableavoidable

unbelievablecomparableendurableincredible

reasonablerecycleablerespectable

valuablevisible

b、后缀–al构成形容词

environmentalgrammaticalnaturaloccasional

originaloperationalpersonalpolitical

practicalprofessionaltraditionaluniversal

c、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词

distantimportantpatientconvenient

permanenturgentviolent

servant

d、后缀-ed构成形容词：

astonisheddelightedexperiencedlearned

skilledunited

e.后缀-ful，构成形容词

carefuldoubtfuldreadfulregretfulresourceful

forgetfulfrightfulhopefulrespectfultearful

f.后缀–ic，构成形容词

basiceconomicenthusiasticelectricenergetic

heroichistoricsystematic

g.后缀–ing构成名词或形容词

amusingastonishingflaminggreeting

misunderstandingpromisingsatisfyingsufferingtraining

h.后缀-ish构成形容词：

feverishfoolishSwedishSpanish

i.后缀–ive，构成形容词

aggressiveattractiveinstructive

persuasivepredictive

j.后缀–less，构成否定形容词

carelesshopelesshelpless

k、后缀-ly构成的形容

costlydailyfriendlylivelylonelylovely

l.后缀–ous或-ious构成形容词：

adventurousambitiousconscious

envioushumorousindustrious

mountainousreligiousvarious

m.后缀-y构成的形容词或名词

bloodybraverydifficultyhonestyicyloyalty

（4）构成副词的常用后缀有：

a.后缀-ly或–ingly构成的副词

accuratelyconstantlyeffectively

frequentlygenerallyindirectly

三、经典例题

2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.

A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death

5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.

A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged

7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.

A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely

8.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.

A.satisfiedB.satisfactory

C.satisfyingD.satisfaction

10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.

A.permitB.permission

C.permittingD.permittence

四、专项训练

1.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.

A.headquartersB.headline

C.headmasterD.headache

2.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；

youdidit________.

A.intendB.intention

C.intentionally　D.intentional

3.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.

A.practiceB.practise

C.practicalD.practiced

4.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?

A.latelyB.latest

C.laterD.latter

5.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.

A.longerB.length

C.longD.longing

6.Tomy________，Ipassedtheexameasily.

A.joyB.joyful

C.joylessD.joyness

7.Canadaismainlyan________country.

A.English-speakingB.speak-English

C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken

8.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.

A.valuableB.value

C.valuelessD.unvaluable

9.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.

A.soundB.silent

C.silenceD.sounded

10.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.

A.reasonableB.reasonful

C.reasonlessD.unreason

11.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.

A.advanceB.advancing

C.advantageD.advanced

12.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.

A.healthB.healthy

C.healthilyD.healthier

13.________speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.

A.Honestly　B.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest

五、课堂总结

1、否定前缀、其他前缀

2、名词、形容词、副词、动词常用后缀。

六、课后作业

一、请用括号里给出的词汇的正确形式填空。

1.Iwrotehimalettertoshowmy___（appreciate）ofhisthoughtfulness.

2.Thefirsttombwasbuiltatthe___（begin）ofthe15thcentury.

3.Paintingisa___（create）process.

4.Forourhomeworktonight,wehavetowritea___（describe）ofthestreetwherewelive.

5.The___（discover）ofgoldontheirlandmadethepeoplerapidlyrich.

6.I’djustliketo___（emphasis）howimportantitisforpeopletolearnforeignlanguage.

7.Mygrandfatherisas___（energy）asayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingatall.

8.Thefirstlessonwasvery___（enjoy）---Ilikeitalot!

9.Thesediscoveriesprovedthe___（exist）ofahumanspecieswholivedintheareabetween700,000and200.000yearsago.

10.Asmileistheuniversal___（face）expression---itisintendedtoputpeopleatease.

11.Thosewhochangemobilephonesfrequentlywillpayaheavypriceforbeing___（fashion）.14.Theaccusedmanprovedhis___（innocent）ofthecrime.

12.Thegovernment’snewschemeisdesignedtohelpthe___（job）.

13.Theoldmanhadnochildsohesufferedalotfrom___（lonely）.

14.Howluckyhewas!

Hewonthelotteryandnowheisa___（million）.

15.Theyhadthe___（fortune）tobehitbyaviolentstorm.

16.21.Helivesina___（mountain）district,wheretrafficisextremelyinconvenient.17.IamsofullthatIcouldn’tearanother___（mouth）.

18.Wemustpayspecialattentiontothe___（mystery）stranger.

19.Trytoact___（nature）,evenifyouaretense.

20.Aftertherace,Ifeltmyheartbeating___（violence）