新编剑桥商务英语高级第三版1213Word文件下载.docx
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2thisisn'
tthefirsttimethisparticularshiphasbeeninanaccident
3Andtodotolimitthedamage?
4thiskindofaccidentisacceptable?
5It'
saPRdisasterforyourcompany,
Indirectquestions
3Lookatexercise2.Studythestructureoftheindirectquestionsinsentences1and4,andthetagquestionsinsentences2and5.
4Convertthefollowingquestionsintoindirectquestions.
0Howmanyyears'
experiencedoyouhaveincustomerservice?
Canyoutellmehowmanyyears'
experienceyouhaveincustomerService?
1Wherehaveyouworkedbefore?
I'
dbeinterestedtoknow
2Areyouanambitiousperson?
Wouldyousay
3Haveyougoneasfarasyoucaninyourpresentjob?
Doyouthink?
4Whoareourmaincustomers?
Doyouknow?
5Convertthefollowingquestionsintotagquestions.
0Areyouinterestedinafull一timejob?
You'
reinterestedinafull-timejob,arenotyou?
1Areyoumarried?
2Can'
tyoustarttomorrow"
?
3haveyouonlyworkedforsmallercompanies?
4Didyoumanagetofindourofficeseasily'
5Isthisyourfirstrealjob?
6Wouldyoubeabletoworkpart-time?
Ajobinterview
6Howwouldyoufeelifyouwereaskedthesequestions?
Howwouldyoureply?
1Canyoutellmewhyyouthinkyou'
llbegoodatthisjob?
2WhyshouldIemployyou?
3Youdon'
thavemuchexperienceinthisfield,doyou?
4You'
vetakenquitealotoftimeoutfromwork.Whyisthat?
5Youarequiteaquietly-spokenperson.Doyouhavetroubleassertingyourself?
GNow,yourlastjob.Didyouchoosetoleave?
7Andwhatdoyouknowaboutourcompany?
8Sotellmewhatyoudidyesterday.
7Workwithapartner.Eachchooseoneofthefollowingjobstobeinterviewedfor.Preparefivequestionseachandthenlakeitinturnstoadopttheroleofinterviewerandinterviewee.Trytoputyourinterviewee`onthespot:
firefighterrestaurantmanagerwebdesigner
fundraiserforlocalsportsclubtraineeinvestmentadvisor
1.3
ReadingTest:
Introductionand
PartOne
TheReadingTesthassixparts,inwhichthereareatotalof52questions,andLastsonehour.Itcarries25%ofthetotalmarks.Thetextsareallbusiness-relatedandvarybetween150and500wordsinlength.Eachparttestsaparticularreadingskillorunderstandingoflanguagestructure.
Intheexam,youhaveanhourtoreadover2,000words,sotrytodevelopyourreadingspeed.Theonlywaytodothisistopractise:
.ReadEnglishbusinesstexts,egTime,Newsweek.
.GetyournewsfromEnglishInternetsites,egtheBBC,CNN.
PartTexttuneSkillfocusTask
1Singletextor5Beadingforglobalmeaning;
Matchingsummaries
shorttexts(450summarisingtoeachsectionoftext
words
2Singletext(460-headingfordetail;
Insertingmissing
500words)understandingstructuresentencesintotext
3Singletext(500-Readingforgeneralmeaning4-partmultiplechoice
600words)andspecificdetailcomprehensionquestion
4Singletext(250UnderstandingmeaningandGap-fill;
multiple
words)grammarofindividualwordschoice(4-choice)
5Singletext(250findingmissingwordstoOpengap-fillone
words}givemeaningandcohesionWordpergap)
6Singleteat(150-understandinggrammaticalIdentifyingincorrectof
200words)structureunnecessarywords
PastOne
PartOneisatestofreadingforgistorglobalmeaning.fivetextsorsectionshavetobematchedtolivesentencesthatsummariesethegeneralviewbeingexpressedineach.Followthesesteps
·
Readtheinstructionstwiceandmakesureyouunderstandthecontextofthepassages)andwhatyouarebeingaskedtodo.
.Donotreadthesummariesfirst.
Bearinginmindwhatgeneralinformationyouarelookingfor,readthefirsttext}uml
thentrytosummarise,inyourhead,thegeneralviewitexpresses.
Nowreadthesummariesandlindtheonechatmatchesyourownmentalsummary.
repeatthisprocedureforeachoftheotherfourtexts.
summarising
1Writeaone-sentencesummaryforthispassage.Compareyouranswerwithyourpartner.
Ifavouradirectapproachtointerviewingwherethequestionsreallyputthecandidateunderpressureandtesttheirreactions.Ifyoulookatmanualsoninterviewingtechnique,you'
llfindthatmostadviseyoufirsttomakethecandidatefeelatease,andthentoaskopen-endedquestionsthatgivethemthefreedomtotall;
andexpressthemselvesastheywouldlike.ButIthinkwe'
rebeingfartoonicehere.Byallowingpeopletodictatethedirectionoftheinterview,weruntheriskofnotdiscoveringwhotheyreallyareandwastingeveryone'
stime.
2Followingtheapproachdescribedabove,dothisReadingTestPartOne.Giveyourselfabouttwelveminutes.
PARTONE
Questions1-8
.Lookatthesentencesbelowandatthefiveextractsfromanarticleonemployeemotivation
..Matcheachstatement1-8tooneoftheextracts(A,B,C,DorE).
.youwillneedtousesomeofthelettersmorethanonce.
.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).
Example:
1Jobsatisfactionisthekeytoanemployee'
smotivation.D
1Companiesusuallytrytomotivateemployeeswithextrapaymentorverbalpraise.
2Financialrewardsdon'
tworksowellwhenthemanagerassessesperformancehimself
3Intheend,motivationhastocomefromthepersonhimself.
4Loyaltyandcommitmentaretwodifferentthings.
5Employeesarecommittedwhentheyunderstandandbelieveinthecompany'
saims.
6Mostemployeesseerewardsasanendinthemselves.
7Howwellyouworkdoesnotdependonhowgoodyourworkingconditionsare.
8Goodrelationsbetweenmanagersandworkerscreatetherightworkingenvironment
A
Fundamentaltotheissueofmotivationisthedistinctionbetweenemployeeloyaltytothecompanyandemployeecommitment.Employeesfeelloyalwhentheyfeelcomfortableandwelllookedafterjobsecurity,reasonableconditionsofpay,generousholidayentitlement,medicalinsuranceandagoodpension.Withouttheseconditionsanemployeewillfeelneitherloyaltytothecompanynoranymotivationtowork.Butitisalsopossiblethatevenwithgoodconditions,theemployeemaynotfeelmotivated.Thisisbecauseperformanceisnotdirectlyrelatedtoworkingconditions:
anemployeecanfeelsecure.whetherheworkshardornot
B
Motivationhasmoretodowithcommitmenttothejob.Theconditionsthatproducecommitmentaredifferentfromthosethatinspireloyalty.Committedemployeeswillhaveaclearsenseofthegoalsofthecompanyandunderstandtheirpartincontributingtoachievingthem.Moreover,theywillbelievethatthesegoalsareworthworkingfor:
theywillderivejobsatisfactionfromwhattheydo.Socompanieswhowantamotivatedstaffoughttobespendingtheirtimethinkingabouttheirgoalsandcommunicatingthesewithenthusiasmtotheirstaff.
C
Instead,themotivationdebateseemstofocusonrewards,eitherfinancialornon-financial.Forexamplemoneyiscommonlyusedasanincentiveforsalespeopleorotherswithmeasurabletargetstoreach.Sometimesitisalsousedtorewardemployeeswhoseperformancehasbeenevaluatedsubjectivelybyalinemanager.Thisislesssatisfactory.Verbalcommendationisalsousedtomotivate,fromasimplewordofencouragementintheemployee'
seartoapublicawardceremony.
D
Butdoallthesetypesofrewardsmotivatepeople?
Wellyes,theydo.Theymotivatethemtogetrewards.Whattheydon'
tnecessarilydoismotivatethemtobeacommittedemployeeanddoagoodjob.Whatreallymotivatespeopleisthelevelofsatisfactiontheyfindintheirwork.AsHerzbergfamouslyputit:
'
Ifyouwantpeoplemotivatedtodoagoodjob,givethemagoodjobtodo‘
E
Sotherealmotivatorsarethingswhichareintrinsictothejob:
thattheemployeefeelspartofaunitthatisworkingtowardssomethingworthwhile.Andfromthisaslongascommunicationbetweenemployeeandmanagementisopenandrespectful,willcomerecognitionforgoodwork,advancementinthecompanyandpersonalgrowth.Thebestthatcompaniescandoistocreatesuchanenvironmentandthenhopethatwithinitpeopleareabletomotivatethemselves