修辞格汇集Word文档下载推荐.docx

修辞格汇集Word文档下载推荐.docx

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2.Inprose

（1）Nexttohealth,heart,home,happinessforAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.

（2）Theyarefightingfortheirhearthandhome.

（3）Weshouldnotdemeanourdemocracywiththepoliticsofdistraction,denial,anddespair.（AlGore）

（4）Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden.（JohnF.Kennedy）

（5）Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliteratetheking’sEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.（HenryFairlie）

3.Innewspaperheadings

（1）BreadNotBombs

（2）Let’slearnthelessonbyheart

（3）DareDevilWhoDared

（4）Battleforbalancedbudget

（5）CutCrimewithJobs—NotJails

4.Inproverbs

（1）Timeandtidewaitfornoman.

（2）Manyaman,manyamind

（3）Aglovedcatcatchesnomice.

（4）Deathpaysalldebts.

5.Intonguetwisters

（1）Shesellssea-shellsonthesea-shore.

（2）PeterPiperPickedapeckofpickledpepper.

6.Inadvertisementsandslogans

（1）VitaminsforVimandVigor（advertisingforvitamins）

（2）Sea,Sun,Sand,Seclusion—andSpain!

（advertisingforSpanishseashorescenicpots）

II.Assonance

Inpoetry,poetsuseassonancetoconveyvarioussensoryimpressions.TakeThomasGray’spoemElegywritteninaCountryChurchyardforexample,

Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,

Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,

Theploughmanhomewardplodshiswearyway

Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.（ThomasGray）

Thefollowingaremoreexamplesofassonanceemployedinpoetry:

（1）Ishallneverseehermore

Wherethereedsandrushesquiver,

Shiver,quiver;

Standbesidethesobbingriver,

Sobbing,throbbing,inthefalling

Tothesandylonesomeshore.（JeanIngelow）

（2）TheLotosbloomsbelowthebarrenpeak:

TheLotosblowsbyeverywindingcreek:

Alldaythewindbreatheslowwithmellowertone:

Thro’everyhollowcaveandalleylone

Roundandroundthespicydownstheyellowlotos-dustisblown.（Tennyson）

（3）Whilethemoralityoftheirmissionwasclearthelegalitywasnot.

（4）WomenMakePolicyNotCoffee（newspaperheading）

（5）LargefactoriesinChinawishtobegivenafreerhandintherighttohireandfire.（newsreport）

（6）Letushelpyouextendyourself.（advertisementforaphysicalexerciseprogram）

（7）Hastemakeswaste.

（8）Spendadime,saveyourtime

III.Consonance

（1）ItseemedthatoutofbattleIescaped,

Downsomeprofounddulltunnel,longsincescooped

Throughgraniteswhichtitanicwarshadgroined.

Yetalsothereencumberedsleepersgroaned,

Toofastinthoughtordeathtobebestirred.

Then,asIprobedthem,onesprangupandstared

Withpitilessrecognitioninfixedeyes,

Liftingdistressfulhandsasiftobless.

Andbyhissmile,Iknewthatsullenhall,

ByhisdeadsmileIknewwestoodinHell.（WilfredOwen）

（2）Women:

Don’tAgonize,Organize（newspaperheading）

（3）FarmsNotArms（newspaperheading）

（4）WhenIlentIwasafriend,whenIaskedIwasunkind.

（5）Thereistheclearmellowclangofthetrolleygongs,themusicaltrilloffastwagonwheelsrunningalongthetrolleyrails,andtherattleofhoofsonthecobbledstripbetweenthemetals.（ChristopherMorley）

（6）BetterActiveTodaythanRadioactiveTomorrow（newspaperheading）

IV.Onomatopoeia

（1）a.Thestreamflowsthroughthewoods.

b.Thestreammurmursthroughthewoods.

（2）a.Dasistartedlaughing.

b.Dasistartedgiggling.

（3）a.Thedoorwaspushedopen.

b.Thedoorbangedopen.

（4）a.Heavyraindropsfellonthetent.

b.Heavyraindropsbeganpitter-patteringonthetent.

1.Humanbeingsandmovement.Suchwordsare:

Hey,Mm,oh,ha,sh-,grunt,mumble,whisper,whimper,chuckle,giggle,clap,patter,bang,etc.

（1）Thecrowdbegantohissandboohimforhisunsportsmanlikeconduct,buthesatunmoved.AnothergreatoutburstofapplausewasDanny’sashewalkedbackacrossthering.

WhenDannystirred,therewereohs!

Andahs!

ofdelight.（JackLondon）

（2）Theypooh-poohedtheidea.

2.Animals.

Wow-wow,saysthedog,

Mew-mew,saysthecat,

Grunt-grunt,saysthepig,

Andsquatgoesthebat.

Tu-whu,saystheowl,

Caw,caw,saysthecrow,

Quack,quack,saystheduck,

Andwhatcuckoossayyouknow.

3.Naturalobjects.Wordslike“murmur”,“gurgle”,“swish”,“splash”,“squelch”,“plop”,etc.

（1）Thebrakesscreechedtoahalt.

（2）Thetickingoftheclockwastheonlysoundthatgreetedhim.

（2）Theicewashere,theicewasthere,

Theicewasallaround;

Itcrackedandgrowled,androaredandhowled,

Likenoisesinaswound.（Coleridge）

V.Aposiopesis

1.Thespeakerabruptlyhaltshalfwayinasentence,eitherbeingtooexcitedtogivefurtherarticulationtohisthoughtortryingtoimpressreaderswithavaguehintofanidea.

（1）“Youwillcomedowntomorrow?

”sheurged,sheinterrupted.“ThePrimeMinister—HisRoyalHighness…”Shestopped.“AndDiana…”sheadded.

Olivertookhishandoffthebell.（VirginiaWoolf）

2.Thespeakerintentionallyleavestherestofasentenceunsaid,implyingastrongsenseofmenaceorintimidation.Insuchcontext,theaudiencecaneasilyfigureoutwhatisleftunsaid.

（2）Theguardsaidtotheprisoner,“Stop!

Anotherstepforwardandyouwill…”

（3）“You’dbetterdothisorelse…”

3.Thespeakerdoesnotfinishhiswordsonpurpose,leavingsuspenseonthelistener.

（4）“Damnitall,man!

Iknowmyownmindandwhat’sbest!

”

“I’magreeing,withyou,only—”

“Onlywhat?

”Scottsnappedout.

“Only—”thedog-musherbegansoftly,thenchangedhismindandbetrayedarisingangerofhisown,“Well,youneedn’tgetsoall-firedhetupaboutit.Judgingbyyouractionsone’dthinkyoudidn’tknowyourownmind.”（JackLondon）

（5）“It’salie!

Youdoneit,andyougottosayyoudoneit,or—”（MarkTwain）

VI.Apostrophe

Apostropheisarhetoricalfigureintraditionalpoeticanddramaticlanguage.

ForBrutus,asyouknow,wasCaesar’sangel.

Judge,Oyougods,howdearlyCaesarlovedhim.（Shakespeare）

（1）Obythenewcomer!

Ihaveheard

Iheartheeandrejoice

Cuckoo!

ShallIcalltheebird

Orbutawanderingvoice?

（W.Wordsworth）

（2）England!

Awake!

Jerusalemthysistercalls!

（W.Blake）

（3）Stars,hideyourfires

Letnotlightseemyblackanddeepdesires…（Shakespeare）

VIIPun

Apun,inessence,isanambiguity.Apuninvolvestheuseofapolysemouswordtosuggesttwoormoremeanings,commonlyliteralmeaningversusfigurativemeaning,orinvolvestheuseofhomonyms,i.e.differentwordswhichlookorsoundthesamebuthavedifferentmeanings.Thewholepointofapunistheuser’sintenttoproduceahumorousorwittyeffectfromthejuxtapositionofmeanings.

Homonyms,homophones,andhomographsallareavailabletoconstructpunswith.

1.Homonyms.Ahomonymisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinpronunciationandspellingbutnotinmeaning.e.g.:

ball——a.n.anyroundorsphericalobjectb.naformalsocialdance

bark——a.n.anyboat,esp.asmallsailingboat

b.v.tomakethesharp,abruptcryofadog

flat——a.adj.havingasmooth,levelsurface

b.n.asuitofroomsononefloorofabuilding

lie——a.n.&

v.（tomake）anintentionalfalsestatement

b.v.tohaveone’sbodyinamoreorlesshorizontalpositionalonggroundorsurface

2.Homophones.Ahomophoneisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinpronunciationbutnotinspellingandmeaning.

（1）a.bale——n.alargebundle

b.bail——vt.toremovewaterfromaboat

（2）a.fur——n.shortfinesofthairofcertainanimals

b.fir——n.akindofevergreentree

（3）a.soul——n.spiritualorimmaterialpartofman,heldtosurvivedeath

b.sole——n.lowersurfaceofhumanorotherfoot;

adj.oneandonly,exclusive

（4）a.write——v.formormarksymbolsrepresentingword（s）esp.withpenorpencilonpaper

b.rite——n.areligiousorsolemnobservance

c.right——adj.just,morallygood,correct;

n.justification,fairclaim,thingoneisentitledto

3.Homographs.Ahomographisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinspellingbutnotinpronunciationandmeaning.

（1）a.bow——[bəu]n.weaponforshootingarrowswithstringjoiningends

b.bow——[bau]v.bendorkneelinsignofsubmissionorreverence

c.bow——[bau]n.thefrontpartofashiporboat

（2）a.minute——[‵minit]n.sixtiethpartofanhour

b.minute——[mai‵nju:

t]adj.verysmall,trifling

（3）a.wind——[wind]n.,airinmoreorlessrapidnaturalmotion

b.wind——[waind]v.goincircular,spiralcourse

（4）a.lead——[li:

d]v.guidebythehand,directmovementsof

b.lead——[led]n.akindofmetal

Thefollowingaresomeoftheexamplesofpunsthatarebasedonhomonymsandhomophones.

（1）Ifwedon’thangtogetherwe’llhangseparately.（BenjaminFranklin）

（2）Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.

（3）Amansitsdownatatableinarestaurantandasks,“Doyouservecrabshere?

”Thewaitersays,“Sure,sitdown,weserveanybody.”

（4）Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.

（5）OnSundaytheyprayforyouandonMondaytheypreyonyou.

（6）“Waiter!

“Yes,sir.”

“What’sthis?

“It’sbeansoup,sir.”

“