MIS简答题Word文件下载.docx

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2.Whatfourstepsshouldanorganizationfollowindeterminingwhichtechnologiestouse?

Thefourstepsare:

（1）assessthestateofcompetitionandindustrypressures,

（2）determinebusinessstrategies,（3）identifyimportantbusinessprocesses,and（4）aligntechnologytoolswiththebusinessprocesses.

3.Whatistherelationshipbetweendata,information,businessintelligence（BI）,andknowledge?

Eachbuildontheprevious.Dataarerawfacts,whileinformationisdatathathasmeaning.Businessintelligenceiscollectiveinformationthatgivesyoutheabilitytomakestrategicbusinessdecisions.Finally,knowledgeisabroadtermthatcanencompassBIcontext,howtoaffectBI,patentsandtrademarks,andorganizationalknow-how.

4.Howdoesthegranularityofinformationchangeasitmovesfromlowertoupperorganizationallevels?

Atthelowestlevels,informationgranularityisveryfinebecausepeopleneedtremendousdetailtoperformtheirjobs.Asinformationmovesupthroughtheorganization,itbecomesmorecoarsebecausepeopledon’tneedasmuchdetailbutratheraggregationsofinformation.

5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenatechnology-literateknowledgeworkerandaninformation-literateknowledgeworker?

Atechnology-literateknowledgeworkerknowshowandwhentoapplytechnology;

thatis,he/sheunderstandsthevalueandroleoftechnology.Aninformation-literateknowledgeworkerknowsallaboutinformation;

thatis,he/sheunderstandsthevalueandroleofinformation.

6.Howdoethicsdifferfromlaws?

Lawseitherclearlyrequireorprohibitanaction.Ethicsaremoresubjective,moreamatterofpersonalorculturalinterpretation.

7.WhatroledoestheFiveForcesModelplay?

Porter’sFiveForcesModelhelpsbusinesspeopleunderstandtherelativeattractivenessofanindustryandtheindustry’scompetitivepressuresintermsofbuyerpower,supplierpower,threatofsubstituteproductsorservices,threatofnewentrants,andrivalryamongexistingcompetitors.

8.Whyarecompetitiveadvantagesneverpermanent?

Onceanorganizationcreatesacompetitiveadvantage,allcompetitorsmovetooffersimilarorevenbettercompetitiveadvantages,thusnullifyingthecompetitiveadvantageofthefirstorganization.

9.WhatarethethreegenericstrategiesaccordingtoMichaelPorter?

ThethreegenericstrategiesaccordingtoMichaelPorterare:

overallcostleadership,differentiation,andfocus.

10.HowarePorter’sthreegenericstrategies,anabove-the-lineversusabelow-the-lineapproach,andtheRGTframeworksimilar?

Theyaresimilarasfollows:

（1）run=overallcostleadership=bottomline,

（2）grow=focusanddifferentiation=topline,and（3）transform=（new）differentiation=topline（whenthefocusisinnovation）.

11.Whatistheroleofvalue-chainanalysis?

Value-chainanalysisisasystematicapproachtoassessingandimprovingthevalueofbusinessprocesseswithinyourorganizationtofurtherincreaseitcompetitivestrengths.So,value-chainanalysishelpsyouidentifyimportantbusinessprocessesandhowtechnologymighthelpsupportthem.

Chapter2

SHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS（p.59）

1.Whyisthetraditionalbuy-hold-sellinventorymodelanexpensiveandpotentiallyriskyone?

Thetraditionalinventorymodelrequiresthat

（1）youcreateinventorywithoutaknowndemand,

（2）youkeepalotofinventorythroughoutthesupplychain,and（3）youselloffobsoleteinventoryataverylowprice.

2.Whatistheroleofasupplychainmanagement（SCM）system?

Theroleofasupplychainmanagement（SCM）systemistosupportsupplychainmanagementactivitiesbyautomatingthetrackingofinventoryandinformationamongbusinessprocessesandacrosscompanies.

3.HowdoesSCMfitintoPorter’sthreegenericstrategies?

SCMismostcommonlyassociatedwiththeoverallcostleadershipgenericstrategy.

4.WhatarethetypicalfunctionsinaCRMsystem?

ThetypicalfunctionsinaCRMsystemincludesalesforceautomation,customerserviceandsupport,andmarketingcampaignmanagementandanalysis.

5.HowdoesCRMfitintotheRGTframework?

CRMismostcommonlyassociatedwithgrowingtheorganizationintheRGTframework.

6.Whatisthedifferencebetweenfrontofficeandbackofficesystems?

Afrontofficesystemistheprimaryinterfacetoacustomerandasaleschannel,whileabackofficesystemisusedtofulfillandsupportcustomerorders.

7.Forwhatfivethingsdoese-collaborationprovidesupport?

E-collaborationsupports

（1）workactivitieswithinintegratedcollaborationenvironments,

（2）knowledgemanagementwithknowledgemanagementsystems,（3）socialnetworkingwithsocialnetworkingsystems,（4）learningwithe-learningtools,and（5）informalcollaborationtosupportopen-sourceinformation.

8.Whatisthedifferencebetweenasocialnetworkingsiteandasocialnetworkingsystem?

Asocialnetworkingsite（e.g.,Myspace）isasiteonwhichyoupostinformationaboutyourself,createanetworkoffriends,sharecontent,andsoon.AsocialnetworkingsystemisanITsystemthatlinksyoutopeopleyouknowand,fromthere,topeopleyourcontactsknow.

9.Whatisopen-sourceinformation?

Open-sourceinformationiscontentthatispubliclyavailable（inabroadsense）,freeofcharge,andmostoftenupdateablebyanyone.

10.WhatarethethreemostcommonwaysinwhichtheITfunctioncanbeplacedwithinanorganization?

ThethreemostcommonwaysinwhichtheITfunctionscanbeplacedare:

top-downsilo,matrix,andfullyintegrated.

11.HowarethestructuringoftheITfunctionandthephilosophicalapproachtoITinterrelated?

Theyareinterrelatedinthatthephilosophicalapproachismostoftenimplementedasaspecificstructure.Wait-and-seeorganizationstendtocentralizetheITfunctioninatop-downsiloapproach,whileearlyITadopterstendtodispersetheITfunction（i.e.,eithermatrixorfullyintegrated）.

12.Whatisanenterpriseresourceplanning（ERP）system?

AnERPsystemisacollectionofintegratedsoftwareforbusinessmanagement,accounting,finance,HR,projectandinventorymanagement,supplychain,customerrelationshipmanagement,e-collaboration,etc.

Chapter3

SHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS（p.90）

1.Whatisbusinessintelligence?

Whyitismorethanjustinformation?

Businessintelligenceisknowledge–knowledgeaboutyourcustomers,yourcompetitors,yourpartners,yourcompetitiveenvironment,andyourowninternaloperations.Itismorethanjustinformationbecauseitcombinesvarioustypesofinformationtoallowyoutomakebetterdecisionsandoperatemoreproductively.

2.Whatisonlinetransactionprocessing（OLTP）?

OLTPisthegatheringofinputinformation,processingthatinformation,andupdatingexistinginformationtoreflectthegatheredandprocessedinformation.

3.Whatisonlineanalyticalprocessing（OLAP）?

Onlineanalyticalprocessing（OLAP）isthemanipulationofinformationtosupportdecisionmaking.ItdiffersfromOLTPinthatitdoesnotprocesstransactionsbutrathermanipulatesexistinginformationtosupportthemakingofadecision.

4.Whatisthemostpopulardatabasemodel?

Themostpopulardatabasemodelistherelationaldatabasemodel.

5.Howareprimaryandforeignkeysdifferent?

Aprimarykeyisafieldthatuniquelyidentifiesarecordinarelationofadatabasewhileaforeignkeyisaprimarykeyofonefilethatappearsinanotherfile.So,primarykeysmustbeuniqueinagivenrelationwhileforeignkeysdonothavetobe.Theyarethesameinthatbothareusedtoenforceintegrityconstraints.

6.Whatarethefivesoftwarecomponentsofadatabasemanagementsystem?

ThefiveimportantsoftwarecomponentsofaDBMSare

（1）DBMSengine,

（2）datadefinitionsubsystem,（3）datamanipulationsubsystem,（4）applicationgenerationsubsystem,and（5）dataadministrationsubsystem.

7.HowareQBEtoolsandSQLsimilar?

Howaretheydifferent?

QBEtoolsandSQLaresimilarinthattheybothgiveyoutheabilitytocreatequeriestofindinformationinadatabase.TheyaredifferentinthatQBEtoolsprovideaGUIinterfacewhileSQLrequiresthatyoucreateyourqueryinstatementform.

8.Whatisadatawarehouse?

Howdoesitdifferfromadatabase?

Thefourtypesofinformationaccordingtowhatinformationdescribesareinternal,external,objective,andsubjective.

9.Whatarethefourmajortypesofdata-miningtools?

Thefourmajortypesofdataminingtoolsareintelligentagents,query-and-reportingtools,multidimensionalanalysistools,andstatisticaltools.

10.Whatisadatamart?

Howisitsimilartoadatawarehouse?

Adatamartisasubsetofadatawarehouseinwhichonlyafocusedportionofthedatawarehousedinformationiskept.

Chapter4

SHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS（p.123）

11.Whatarethefourtypesofdecisiondiscussedinthischapter?

Giveanexampleofeach.

Nonrecurring,oradhoc,decisionisonethatyoumakeinfrequently（perhapsonlyonce）andyoumayevenhavedifferentcriteriafordeterminingthebestsolutioneachtime.Amergerwithanothercompanyisanexample.Recurringdecisionsaredecisionsthatyouhavetomakerepeatedlyandoftenperiodically,whetherweekly,monthly,quarterly,oryearly.Anexamplewouldbewhichroutetot