人教新课标选修八 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors单元教案Word格式文档下载.docx

人教新课标选修八 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors单元教案Word格式文档下载.docx

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Haveyoueverheard“FourGreatAncientCivilizations”?

Yes,theyareAncientChina,AncientGreece,AncientEgyptandAncientIndia.

Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?

S1:

InAncientChina,wehave“FourGreatInventions”.Theyarethecompass,printing,gunpowderandpapermaking,ofwhichweareproud,andwhich,inthewordsofRogerBacon,“changedthewholeappearanceandstatusofthingsintheworld.”

S2:

Chinawasthefirstcountryintheworldtomakepaper.PapermadeduringtheWesternHanDynasty（202BC-16AD）hasbeenfoundinGansuProvince,Xi’anandShaanxiProvinceaswellasXinjiang.AfurtherdevelopmentofpaperwascreditedtoCaiLunoftheEasternHan（25-220）.Heusedplantfibersuchastreebark,bitsofrope,ragsandworn-outfishingnetsasrawmaterials.In105,CaipresentedthefirstbatchofpapermadeunderhissupervisiontotheHanemperor,whowassodelightedthathenamedthematerial“MarquisCai’spaper”.

S3:

Beforepaperwasinvented,theancientChinesecarvedcharactersonpottery,animalbonesandstones,castthemonbronzes,orwrotethemonbambooorwoodenstripsandsilkfabric.Thesematerials,however,wereeithertooheavyortooexpensiveforwidespreaduse.Theinventionanduseofpaperbroughtaboutarevolutioninwritingmaterials,pavingthewayfortheinventionofprintingtechnologyintheyearstocome.

S4:

TheinventionofgunpowderwasnodoubtoneofthemostsignificantachievementsoftheMiddleAgesinChina.Thecorrectprescriptionformakinggunpowderwithnitre,sulphurandcarbonwasprobablydiscoveredintheninthcentury.

S5:

Bi’sprintingconsistedoffourprocesses:

makingthetypes,composingthetext,printingandretrievingthemovabletypes.AccordingtoDreamStreamEssays,BiShengcarvedindividualcharactersonsquaresofstickyclay,andthenbakedthemtomakeclaytypepieces.Whencomposingatext,heputalargeironframeonapieceofironboardandarrangedthewordswithintheframe.Whileoneplatewasbeingprinted,anotherplatecouldbecomposed.Afterprinting,themovabletypesweretakenawayandstoredforfutureuse.Movabletypeprintinghadaveryimportantpositioninthehistoryofprinting,foralllaterprintingmethodssuchaswoodentype,coppertypeandleadtypeprintinginvariablydevelopedonthebasisofmovableclaytypes.BiShengcreatedmovabletypeprintingmorethanfourhundredyearsearlierthanitwasinventedinEurope.

S6:

Accordingtoancientrecords,naturalmagnetswereemployedinChinaasdirection-findingdevices.Thisledtothefirstcompass,calledasinan（south-pointingladle）duringtheWarringStatesPeriod.IntheHanDynastycompassesconsistedofabronzeonwhich24directionswerecarvedandarodmadefromanaturalmagnet.Suchdeviceswereinuseuntiltheeighthcentury.IntheSongDynasty,ShenKuodescribedthefloatingcompass,suspendedinwater,atechniquethatminimizedtheeffectofmotionontheinstrument.Thisenabledthecompasstobeusedforseanavigationforthefirsttime.Theinventionofthecompasspromotedmaritimeundertakings,anditsusesoonspreadtotheArabworld,andthencetoEurope.

S7:

China’sfourgreatancientinventionsmadetremendouscontributionstotheworld’seconomyandthecultureofmankind.TheywerealsoimportantsymbolsofChina’sroleasagreatworldcivilization.

S8:

AncientEgyptisfamousforpyramidsandmummy.

S9:

OlympicgamesgrewoutofAncientGreece.Besides,AncientGreeceiswellknownforitsart,architectureandmyth.

S10:

AncientIndiaisknownforitscultureofBuddha.

Excellent!

I’mveryhappythatyou’veknownsomuchaboutFourGreatAncientCivilizations.Today,wewilltalkaboutsomeotherculturalheritage.

StepⅡWarmingup

DealwiththeWarmingUppart.

Nowturntopage37andlookatthepictures.Whatcanyouseeinthepictures?

SomeculturalrelicsfromAncientGreece,ChinaandEgypt.

Good.Nowtrytoidentifythesepictures.Discusswhattheymayhavebeenmadeofandexplaintheiruse.Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday?

Thestudentsaregiven3minutestodiscuss.3minuteslater,letthestudentsgivetheiropinions.

Thefirstpictureisanoillamp.Ithinkitmighthavebeenmadeofbronze.Itwasusedtogetlight.Butnowwegetlightbyusingelectricity.

Itiscalled“Bianzhong”.Iguessitwasmadeofbronze,too.Itwasusedtoplaymusic.Todayweuseothermusicalinstruments,suchasviolin,pianoandguitar.

ThethirdoneisStoneAxe,whichiscertainlymadeofstone.Itmighthaveusedtoscrapeandcutupthings.Todaywecanusesteelaxe.

ThelastoneisaburialmaskofPharaoh.ItwasmadeofgoldandusedtoprotectthefaceofPharaoh;

andthemaskenabledthespirittorecognizethebody.Ithinkweneverusemaskswhenapersondies.Butnowweusemaskstoplayorgiveperformance.

…

NowIcangiveyousomesuggestedanswers.Lookatthescreen.

Showthefollowing.

Itsname

Whatitwas

madeof

Itsuse

Today’salternatives

1.Oillamp

Bronze

Getlight

electricity,wind

2.Bianzhong

Playmusic

Piano,violinand

guitar

3.Stoneaxe

Stone

Scrapeandcutupthings

Axemadeofothermaterials,forexample,steel

4.Pharaohmask

Gold

Preservethefaceorenablethespirittorealizethebody

Nothing

StepⅢSpeaking

TalkaboutSanxingduiRuinswiththestudents.

WehavelookedatsomeculturalrelicsofAncientGreece,ChinaandEgyptabove.DoyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChineseculturalrelics?

Thenshowthepicturesonpage44.TellthestudentstheywerefoundduringanexcavationintheSanxingduiRuins.

WhatdoyouknowaboutSanxingduiRuins?

IknowthatSanxingduiRuinsarefoundinSichuanProvince.

Theyarefamousforgoldmasks,bronzewares,jadetabletsandsacredtrees.

Andhalfhumanandhalf-animalmasks.ThereisSanxingduiInternationalMaskFestivalatthestartoftheMayDayholiday.

ItisbelievedthatSanxingduiwasthecapitaloftheancient“Shuculture”oftheSichuanarea,previouslybelievedtobe3,000yearsold.Ametropolisofitstime,coveringaboutthreesquarekilometers,Sanxingduihadhighlydevelopedagriculture,includingwine-makingability,ceramictechnologyandsacrificialtoolsandmining.

Good,SanxingduiRuinsareveryimportantculturalrelicsforusChineseandeventhewholeworld.Some100yearsago,Sanxingduiintoday’sSichuanProvincewasnothingmorethanatypicalruralarea,andjust20yearsagoitssignificancewasnotfullyknown.Butin1929whenafarmerfoundsomejade,heunwittinglyopenedthedoorofanunknownculturebetween3,000to5,000yearsold.ButwhatnoonecouldhaveexpectedwasthatthisparticulardiscoverywouldrewriteChinesehistory.Theareawhosenamemeans“three-starmounds”inEnglishisnotaplaceforeignerswhoaren’tarcheologistswouldknowtovisit.Andlittleisleftforthecommonpersontoseebutsomeancientobjectsandmanyreproductions.ManyobjectsatfirstseemsomewhatcommonplaceforoldculturesuntilyourealizethatthepeoplemakingtheseobjectswerethoselivingatthebeginningofChinesecivilization.Nowsupposeyouworkinamuseum,yourjobistodescribetheobjectsastheyarebroughttothemuseum.Lookatthepicturesanddiscussabouttheseobjects.

Showthefollowingonthescreen.Givethestudentsthreeminutestodiscuss.

1.Guesswhattheyare.

2.Discusswhattheseobjectswerepossiblyusedfor.

3.Describetheseobjects.Youshouldinclude:

a.Thenameofthesitewherethefourobjectswerefoundandtheirpossibledates;

b.Adescriptionofeachincludingappearance,shapeandaguessaboutthematerialitwasmadeof;

c.Whatwecanlearnfromtheseobjectsaboutthepeoplewholivedthen.

Afterafewminutes.

OK,somuchfordiscussion.Firstlookatthequestionsonthescreenagain.Whataretheanswers?

Inmyopinion,thefirstonelookslikeatree.Itmightbemadeofbronze.Also,itmightbeusedtooffersacrificestogodsorancestors.

Ithinkthesecondpictureisananimal-faceimage.Itmightalsobemadeofbronze.Itmightstandforauthority.

Itlookslikeabird.Ithinkitcouldbemadeofbronzeanditmightbeanornament.

Itmaybeapotterypot,whichisusedtocontainboiledwaterorwine.

Welldone.Yourguessessoundreasonable.Lookatthescreen.ThesearewhatIhavefoundaboutthesethings.

Showthefollowing.

1.bronzesacredtree442×

802-52kb.

2.bronzeanimal-faceimage520×

364-55kb.

3.bird-shapedornament1s500×

815-50kbt1.

4.potterypot579×

924-170kb.

DealwiththeSPEAKINGTASK.

AboveareobjectsinancientChina.Nowlet’sturntoapictureofancientEgypt.Turntopage84.ReadtheinstructionsanddiscussthepaintingandthenfillinthechartinPart1.

Asampledialogue:

Whatcanyoufindinthepainting?

Icanfindsomepeoplearesittingonlowstools,servedbysomeone.

Yes.Inthelowerpartofthepicture,someoneisholdingaplatewithmeatofpoultry.Andonthetablethereareotherkindsoffood.

Look.Therehangsomeclothesonthewall.Theyhadtotakeoffclotheswhenhavingdinner.

Iagree.Andwecanseethattheirmealsarearrangedwell.Maybethesoupmustbefirstserved,andthencomesthemeat.

Doyoufindsomeonedancing?

Yes.Maybetheyarewatchingthedancingwhileeating.

Askthestudentstoreadtheiranswer