中小学英语课程标准英文版Word格式文档下载.docx

中小学英语课程标准英文版Word格式文档下载.docx

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Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytoaguseforlangureal

Intheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:

Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel

Promotestask-basedteachingmethods

Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperative

learning

Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess

1.TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum

ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:

Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication

Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge

Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills

However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudentsall’-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:

StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish

Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence

Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities

Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity

AdoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategiesDevelopasautonomousandlifelonglearners

Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife

Establishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences

Broadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience

Takepartinculturallife

Developasindividuals

2.BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum

2.1Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation（asopposedtoexam-orientated

education）andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents

Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:

Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings

Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish

Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence

Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudentscomprehensive’language

competencetoincludeareassuchas:

Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife

Developingstudents’practicalabilities

Fosteringstudents’creativity

2.2Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.

ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:

1.LanguageSkills

2.LanguageKnowledge

3.AttitudestoLearning

4.LearningStrategies

TheprincipleaimoftheNewCurriculumfortheteachingofEnglishistohelpthe

1[1]

students'

movefromcompetencetoperformance'

（Chen,2002）.Whatdoesthismean?

Well,'

competence'

isaboutwhatthestudentsknowintheirminds,theirtheoreticalknowledge,inotherwords.'

Performance'

referstowhatitisthatthestudentscandowiththattheoreticalknowledge.'

referstowhatispractical,useful,creativeandimaginative.Yourjobasateacheristofindwaystohelpthestudents'

knowledgebecomeactive,practical,flexibleandresponsive,ratherthaninactive,theoretical,inflexibleandimitative.Studentsneedtolearnhowtheycancontroltheirownknowledge,useitdifferentlyindifferentsituations,andbeabletomaketheirowndecisionsabouthowtheylearn.Thisisabigchallengeforyouasateacher.

UndertheNewCurriculumEnglishwillbeseennotonlyasatoolforcommunication,butalsoforthinking,learningandsocialparticipation.Italsotakesintoaccountthestudents'

feelingsaboutlearning,ratherthanjudgingthempurelyaslearningmachines.Thisisreflectedinthenine-levelattainment-targetsystem,whichyourteachershavecopiesof.Youshouldstudytheseattainment-targets,astheyfocusonachievementsandwhatstudentscando,ratherthanplacingimpossiblechallengesforteachersandstudents.

NewTeachingandLearningApproacheswiththeNewCurriculum:

UndertheNewCurriculum,therearenewteachingandlearningapproachesnecessary.Theseareabigchallenge,astheywillbe:

2[2]

Student-centredasopposedtoteacher-centred

Participatory-asopposedtopassive

3[3]

Flexibleasopposedtopre-determined

Theywillencourage:

ChenXiaotang,oneofthepeopleontheNewCurriculum（NC）WorkingParty,saidthisataVSO

conferenceinNovember2002.

Seesectiononstudent-centredlearning.

SeeGlossary

Deductiveandinductivereasoning;

Criticalthinking

Interpersonalskills

Learninghowtolearn（learningskills）ratherthanjustcramming

Co-operativelearning

Use-value-inotherwords,theknowledgethestudentsgainwillbeexpectedtohelpthempractically,ratherthanremaintheoreticalknowledgethattheycan'

tuse.

Participation

Negotiation

Self-discovery

Evaluation:

TheNewCurriculumwillalsoencouragevariedformsofevaluation:

Self-andpeer-evaluation;

Summativeandformative;

Judgementsonlanguageperformanceratherthanpassiveknowledge.Thissuggestsamuchgreateremphasisonspeakingaswellastheotherskillsoflistening,readingandwriting.Thephraseyou'

regoingtoreadagainandagaininthisHandbook（seethetitlepage,forexample）is:

studentsmustmovefromcompetencetoperformance.

Whatchallengesarethereforfutureteachers?

Let'

slookspecificallynowatthekindsofchallengesyouwillfaceinimplemetingtheNewCurriuclum.TheinitialchallengefornewteacherswillbetounderstandtheNewCurriculum,especiallythenewstandards.Youwillhavetoupdateyourviewsonlanguageandlanguageeducationandadoptnewapproachestolanguageteaching,includingthetask-basedteachingapproachanditspractice.

Youwillhavetoimproveyourownprofessionalcompetenceinlanguageproficiency,cross-culturalcompetence,pedagogicalcompetence,andtheadoptionofnewlearningstrategiesinyourmethods.Aswellasthatyouwillhavetochangetheteacher'

srolefromthatofknowledge-distributortofacilitator,organiser,participantandadvisor,'

usingthetextbookratherthanteachingthetextbook.'

（SeePartFiveontipsforusingNewCurriculumtexts.）

Howcanpre-servicetrainingpreparestudentsforthechallenges?

YouandyourcolleagueswillneedtoincorporatetheintroductionoftheNewCurriculumintoyoursyllabusandcoursedesigns.Inaddition,youwillneedtoconvincethestudentsoftheneedforchangeandmakethembelievetheyCANdoit.

Theimplementationofthenewcurriculumneedscontributionsfrom,andco-operationamong,manygroupsofpeopleincluding:

teachers,teachertrainers,educationaladministrators,educationalresearchers,community,parentsandemployers.

What'

snew?

Thenewrationale:

Theaimsoflearningaforeignlanguagearenottobelimitedtomasteryofknowledgeandskillsintheforeignlanguage.LikeotherschoolsubjectssuchasMaths,Music,ArtandPhysicalEducation,foreignlanguagesarepartoftheoveralldevelopmentofallstudents.Throughlearningaforeignlanguage,studentscanenrichtheirexperienceoflife,broadentheirworldvision,andenhancetheirthinkingskills.Languagelearningismosteffectivewhenstudents'

interest,motivationanattitudesaretakenintoconsideration.Newlearningstrategiesshouldbeincorporatedintothelanguagecurriculum,sothatstudentscanbecomeautonomouslearners,whichisfundamentalforlifelonglearning.Evaluationshouldbesummativeandformativeanddesignedandadministeredtoencouragethelearnersratherthanfrustratethem.Itshouldbecarriedoutintermsofwhatstudentscandoratherthanwhattheycannotdo.

NewCurriculumTargets:

Languageskills:

listening,speaking,readingandwriting（criticalthinkingskillsandinterpersonalskillsemphasisedforseniorhighschool）;

Languageknowledge:

pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,function

andtopics;

Motivation,interest,confidence,co-operation,patriotismandworld

vision;

Learningstrategies:

cognitive,planning,communicativeand

resourcingstrategies;

Culturalawareness:

culturalknowledge,cross-culturalcompetence.

Newmethodsoftargetspecification:

Studentscan:

understandandfollowinstructions;

identifythechangeinmeaninginintonation;

providepersonalinformationanddescribepersonalexperience;

comprehendsimplestoriesandgraspthegist.

Newlearningandteachingapproaches:

TheNewCurriculumadvocatesprocess-orientedlanguagelearningandteachingapproaches,suchasexperientiallearningandco-operativelearning:

studentsareencouragedtoexperiencethelanguage,learnthelanguagebyself-discov