托福官方在线模考题目Word文件下载.docx

托福官方在线模考题目Word文件下载.docx

《托福官方在线模考题目Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福官方在线模考题目Word文件下载.docx（62页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Narrator

Listentopartofalectureinabusinessclass.

Professor

OK,uhlet’sum,let’sstart.Uh,tonightwe’regonnatalkaboutoneapproach（方法决定）tostructuringdecision-makingonaspecifictopic,sortof（有点）sorta（kindaof）um…ohwhenyou’reinadecision-makingprocessinabusinesssituation（tj=tf）,andyou’vegotalltheparticipantstheresortofvoicingopinionsandnegotiating,andtherearelotsofdifferentfactors（因素）toconsider（考虑）inyourdecision…uh,thetechnique（技巧）we’regonnatalkaboutisuh,it’sawaytosortofstructurethatdecisionandarriveatabetterdecision.It’scalledAHP,orAnalytic,um,AnalyticHierarchy层次等级Process.

Now,thefirststepistodevelop,ahierarchybybreakingtheproblemdownintoitscomponents,andthenprioritizingthecomponents,asyou’llsee.

Nowthere’ssomeAHPsoftwareouttherethatletsyoudothemath计算,butI’mnot（失去爆破）gonnagetintothatlevelofdetailnow.TheimportantthingthatIwanttotalkaboutisnotthemathematicsofitsomuchastheconcept.（概念）

I,IwantyoutounderstandthelogicbehindAnalyticHierarchyProcessandthebasicapproach.

OK…souh,let’ssay,ifIwastryingtobuyahouse,ahouseisactuallyaprettygoodexample.It’snotagoodexampleforabusinessclass,necessarily,butit’llcertainlydofortoday.

You,youstartwithyourmaingoal.An’thenyoubreakitdownintosmallerparts.Allright…souh,takingourexampleof,ofbuyingahouse…Iwouldhavetodeterminethegoalforthehouse-huntingeffort,uhchoosethehousethatwouldbeuh,…most,well,thebestfitformyfamily.Whatwouldbeyourgoalintryingtofindahouse?

Well,uhlet’sjustsay,makethebestchoicein,inbuyinganewhouse.Now,nowthat’sthegoal.

Sonowthatyou’veestablishedagoal,youestablishyourcriteria标准.Andum,undercriteriaIwouldlistformewhatweretheimportantfactorsthatwillinfluencethedecision.And…theywouldbethingslikeuh,likethecost.And,uhwhatelse?

Uh,location.Location,Ithink,wouldtypically典型的beoneinmostofourmodels,andmaybeonemore.Howaboutfloorplan?

—Thelayout布局oftherooms.So,sowehavecost,location,floorplan…thosemightbeourkeycriteriaforchoosingahouse.

Thenyougetdowntothesubcriteriaundereachofthesethreecriteria.So,solet’ssay,underfloorplan,thesubcriteriaare,youwantabigkitchen,3bedrooms,abasement（地下室）.Andafteryou’vedeterminedallthecriteriaandsubcriteria,umthenyougobackandyoustartmakingpairwisecomparisonsbetweenthem…uh,judgmentsabouttwoofthesethingsatatime.

Ofthehousesyou’reconsidering,uh,iscostmoreimportantthanlocationor,say,onehasabigkitchenbutonlytwobedrooms.IsthatOK?

Youmovethroughthehierarchymakingjudgmentsabout1pairofchoicesatatime.Yousee,it,itit’sdesignedtoreflectthewaypeopleactuallythink…humansaremuchmore,…capable（能力）ofmakingrelativeratherthanabsolutejudgments.Basically,we’vereducedarathercomplexdecisionintoaseriesofone-on-onecomparisons.

Um,sowhatAHPdoesisitrequiresmetodevelopaschematic图表的modelofwhatI’mlookingfor.So,so,rightoffthebatIhavetoarticulateandthinkaboutandidentifythesefactors,thesecriteria.

AndwhenIstartcomparingthecriteria,thesefactors,um,itenablesmetocomeupwiththerelativeimportanceofeachfactoratagivenlevelinthemodel.So,inotherwords,whatthemodeldoesisithelpsussetourpriorities,anditforces（能够）ustomakeourprioritiesexplicit（明显的）.It,itnot,notonlyhelpsmakethebestdecision,we’realsoalotcleareronwhywemadethedecision.Andunderstandingwhywemadethedecisionmakesiteasiertoconvince（说服）thebossortheshareholders（股东）thatit’sagooddecision.

Narrator

Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestions.Youmayuseyournotestohelpyouanswer.

1.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

Acomparisonoftwoapproachestodecision-making

Aformulaforevaluatingbusinessplans

Aprocessforimprovingdecision-making

Amethodforgainingconsensuswithingroups

2.Inthelecture,theprofessordescribesthestepsinAHP.Indicatewhethereachofthefollowingisastepintheprocess.Clickinthecorrectboxforeachphrase.

Yes

No

Establishthegoal

Listalternativecoursesofaction

Selectkeycriteriaandsubcriteria

Makepairwisecomparisons

Revisethegoalbasedonchoices

3.Whydoestheprofessormentionthefloorplanofahouse?

Togiveanexampleofafactorthatwouldinfluenceadecision

TogiveapersonalexampleofatimehefoundAHPtobeuseful

ToshowthatAHPcanbeappliedtothedesignofhouses

Tonamesomecriteriathatarenotimportantindecision-making

4.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisoneimportantresultofusingAHP?

Peoplecanmakedecisionsmorequickly.

Peopleareprovidedwithseveraldifferentoutcomes.

Peoplecantakeadvantageofthelatesttechnology.

Peoplecanbetterunderstandthedecisionstheymake.

5.Whatdoestheprofessormeanwhenhesaysthis:

HewantsthestudentstousetheAHPsoftwareforanassignment.

HedoesnotthinktheAHPsoftwareisuseful.

HewantstogiveonlyageneralexplanationofAHP.

Hethinksthestudentscanunderstandthemathematicswithouthishelp.

6.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis:

Toexpressuncertaintyabouttheprocess

Toindicateanexampleofadecisiontobemade

Tocheckthestudents’understandingoftheprocess

Tofindoutwhatthestudentsprefer

1.C-Aprocessforimprovingdecision-making

2.

Establishthegoals

X

Revisethegoalsbasedonchoices

3.A-Togiveanexampleofafactorthatwouldinfluenceadecision

4.D-Peoplecanbetterunderstandthedecisionstheymake.

5.C-HewantstogiveonlyageneralexplanationofAHP.

6.B-Toindicateanexampleofadecisiontobemade.

Listening2-MissedClasses

Listentopartofaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.

Student

Hi,ProfessorJohnson.

Hi,Anna.WhatcanIdoforyou?

[upspeak]

Remember,Ie-mailedyouaboutgettingthehandoutsfromtheclassImissedtheotherday,andyousaidIcouldstopbyandpickthemuptoday.

Oh,that’sright.[friendly,butseekinganexplanation]

Youknow,that’sthefourthclassyou’vemissedthissemester,andthat’snotdoingyourgradeanygood.

Iassumeyouhadagoodreasonforbeingout...

[apologetically]

Iknow,Ireallyhatedtomissanotherclass,butIhadtheflu,andIcouldhardlygetoutofbed.That’llbethelastclassImiss,though.Ipromise.

[acceptingherpromise]

Okay...

[sincerely]

Sohowareyoufeelingnow—areyouallrecovered?

Well,I’mstillnotquiteahundredpercent,butI’mfeelingmuchbetterthanIdidafewdaysago.

Well,that’sgood.

Okay,uh…

[regainingtrainofthought]

ohyes,thehandouts.Therewerethreeofthem,andI’llgetthoseforyouinjustaminute.They’reprettyself-explanatory,butifyouhaveanyquestions,justsendmeane-mail.

But...

[interrupting]

Okay,thankyou.

Sure.Uh,butwealsowatchedavideo,andwe’llbehavinganessayquestionaboutitonthenextexam,so,

[searchingforasolution]

uh…[thinking]

Hmmm…DoyouhaveaVCRathome?

Actually,Idon’t,butIdohaveaccesstoone.

Okay…WellIcanlendityou,buttheonlythingis,you’dhavetowatchittonightandgetitbacktomeearlytomorrow,becauseI’mgoingtobeshowingitintheothersectionofthatclasstomorrowafternoon.

That’dbegreat.

Butyoureallyhavetogetitbacktometomorrowbeforemyclass.

Noproblem.Icandropitofffirstthinginthemorningifyou’dlike.

[changinghismind]

Youknowwhat?

Howaboutifwedoitthisway.I’llkeepitfornowandshowitinmyclasstomorrow,anduhthenyoucandropbyhereandpickituponFridaymorningandkeepitforthewholeweekend,andjustbringitwithyouwhenyoucometoclassnextweek.Howdoesthatsound?

Uhthenyou’llhaveacoupleofdaystowatchit,andyouwon’thavetoworryaboutgettingitbackheretomorrow.

[checkingherscheduleinhermind]

Let’ssee,Fridaymorning...

[turninghappywhensherealizesshecandoit]

Yeah,that’llwork.

Excellent.I’llbeherefromabouttentoeleventhirty.

[leaving]

Great.I’llseeyouthen.

Uh,justasecond.Letmegetyouthosehandouts.

Oh,yeah.Thankyou.

7.Whydoesthewomangotoseeherprofessor?

Togetmaterialsforaclassshemissed

Todiscussanassignmentsheisworkingon

Toaskaquestionaboutavideoherclassrecentlywatched

Toinformtheprofessorofchangesinherschedule

8.Whydoestheprofessorchangehismindaboutwhenhewilllendthewomanthevideo?

Heremembersthathedoesnothavethevideoinhisoffice.

HerealizesthatthewomandoesnothaveaVCR.

Heisworriedthathewillnothavethevideobackintimeforhisclass.

Herealizesthathewillnotneedthevideountilthefollowingweek.

9.Whywillthewomanstopbytheprofessor’sofficeonFridaymo