届高三英语一轮复习选修8Unit 1Unit 5知识总结Word下载.docx
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n.租用;
雇用→firevt.解雇
11.punishvt.处罚;
惩罚→punishmentn.惩罚
(二)重点单词
1.meansn.手段;
方法
2.graspvt.&
n.抓住;
抓紧;
掌握;
领会
3.boomn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
4.mournvt.&
vi.哀悼;
悼念;
表示悲痛
5.authorityn.权威;
权力
(pl.)当局;
官方
6.reformvt.&
vi.改革;
革新
n.改革;
改造;
改良
7.occurvi.发生;
出现
8.hardshipn.苦难;
困苦
9.nowhereadv.无处;
到处都无
【联想】
1.动词+tion变名词
①immigrate→immigration迁移;
移居
②indicate→indication指示;
暗示
③fascinate→fascination魅力;
入迷
④elect→election竞选;
选举
⑤decorate→decoration装饰
2.动词+ment后缀变名词
①punish→punishment惩罚
②govern→government统治;
政府
③arrange→arrangement安排
④argue→argument争论
⑤move→movement运动;
移动
3.带后缀ing的名词集锦
①crossing十字路口
②training训练
③feeling感觉
④wedding婚礼
⑤marketing促销
⑥spending花销
⑦engineering工程
⑧wellbeing幸福
4.单复数意义不同的名词
①custom(风俗习惯)→customs(海关)
②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)
③iron(铁)→irons(镣铐)
④arm(手臂)→arms(武器)
⑤glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜)
⑥pain(痛苦)→pains(劳苦)
⑦paper(纸)→papers(文件)
Ⅱ.短语回顾
1.live_on继续存在;
继续生存
2.bymeansof...用……办法;
借助……
3.make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4.keep_up坚持;
维持;
沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5.back_to_back背靠背
6.team_up_with与……合作或一起工作
7.mark_out用线画出范围;
标出……界线
8.take_in包括;
吸收;
欺骗;
理解
9.a_great/good_many许多;
很多
10.apply_for申请;
请示得到
11.leave_out漏掉;
遗漏
1.“v.+in”结构短语聚焦
①breakin强行闯入
②givein屈服;
投降
③turnin上交
④takein吸收;
欺骗
⑤succeedin在……取得成功
⑥engagein从事;
参加;
忙于
2.“动词+out”短语再记
①bringout阐释;
说明;
出版
②carryout完成;
实施计划
③comeout出现;
传出;
表露;
达到
④helpout帮助克服困难
⑤giveout用尽;
耗尽
⑥turnout证明
⑦workout计算出;
拟定出;
解决
⑧runout用完
⑨setout启程;
出发
3.“名词+to+名词”短语一览
①hearttoheart心连心地
②backtoback背靠背
③facetoface面对面地
④mouthtomouth口对口地
⑤kneetoknee促膝地
⑥shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地
Ⅲ.佳句必背
1.Itislikelythat...很可能……
However,it_is_likely_thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.
然而,土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。
2.why引导的表语从句,表示“……的原因”
That_is_whytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
3.过去分词作原因状语
Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attracted_bytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.
世界上不同地方的人们仍然移民到加利福尼亚,他们是被那里的气候和生活方式所吸引。
4.It+be+过去分词+that从句
It_is_believed_thatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.
人们相信,过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于这里不再有明显的主要的种族或文化团体,而仅仅是一个多种族、多文化的混合体。
Ⅳ.课文回顾
Californiaisthethird__1__(large)stateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUS.Thisisnot__2__(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia,__3__hasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Noonereallyknowswhattimethefirst__4__(settle)arrivedin__5__wenowknowasCalifornia.ThescientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAlaska__6__meansofalandbridge.
Inthe18thcentury,CaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.In1848,gold__7__(discover)inCaliforniaandthedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselves.Inmorerecentdecades,California__8__(become)hometopeoplefromAsia.__9__isbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbe__10__greatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups.
1.largest 2.surprising 3.which 4.settlers 5.what
6.by 7.was_discovered 8.has_become 9.It 10.so
Ⅴ.单元语法
名词性从句
1.Thehappiestpeopleenjoywhat/whatevereachagegivesthem.
2.Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.
3.Whoevercomeswillbewelcometotheopenairconcert.
4.Everydayhegoestothelibrarybybikeexceptwhenitrains.
5.Expertsaren'
tstillsureexactlyhowdreamswork,butwhatiscertainisthattheyarenecessaryforourmentalhealthandthateveryonehasdreams.
核心单词 重难突破
1.distinctionn.区别;
卓越
ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.
它的与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州,已经吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
(1)awriterofdistinction一位卓越的作家
gain/attain/windistinction出名
(2)distinctadj.不同的;
明显的
adistinctimprovementin...在……方面的显著进步
adistinctsmell不同的/清晰易辨的气味
bedistinctfrom与……不同
(3)distinctlyadv.不同地;
明显地
[练习]单句语法填空
①Hersingingstyleisquitedistinctfrommine.
②Thewritergaineddistinction(distinct)forhisexcellentworks.
2.meansn.手段;
ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.
科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
bymeansof...用……办法;
bythismeans用这种方法
byallmeans务必;
一定;
当然可以
byanymeans无论如何;
以一切可能的手段
bynomeans绝不;
一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
[点拨]means用作“方式;
方法”时单复数同形。
若all/some/several/manymeans作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;
若every/each/one/ameans作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
[辨析]
way
多与in连用,构成in...way
method
多与with连用,构成with...method
means
多与by连用,构成by...means
approach
多与to连用,构成approachto...
[练习]
(1)单句语法填空
①Someresearcherspointoutthatdaydreamingisameansofrelaxation.
②Allmeanshave_been_used(use)togethimtochangehismind,butinvain.
③Everypossiblemeanshas_been_tried(try),butnonehasworked.
④Bynomeansistheproblemassimpleaswefirstthought.
(2)用means短语完成句子
①Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknownby_means_ofsigns.
②Whateverhappened,thebossrequiredustofinishthetaskby_all_means.
3.majorityn.大多数;
大半
OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。
(1)a/themajorityof...大多数……
beina/themajority构成大部分/大多数
(2)majorn.&
v.专业;
主修
majorin主修……;
以……为专业
(3)minorityn.少数
intheminority占少数
[点拨]themajority作主语,谓语动词用单复数形式皆可;
表语若是复数,谓语也用复数。
themajorityof+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
①Inthegeneralpopulation,righthandedpeopleareinthemajority.
②Onethirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.
③Formanyyears,themajority(major)ofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.
④IgraduatedfromHeBeiNormalUniversityandmajoredininformationmanagement.
4.electvt.选择;
选举某人
Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinstallment.
购买者可选择逐月分期付款。
(1)electsb.(as/tobe)+职位
=beelected(as/tobe)+职位选举某人为……(职位前无冠词)
electtodosth.选择做某事
(2)electionn.选举
①Hewaselectedasourmonitoratthebeginningoftheterm.
②IfIamluckyto_be_elected(elect),Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.
③Thelowlevelofinterestintheelection(elect)hasbeenreflectedintheunwillingnessofthecitizenstovote.
(2)单句改错
Hewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany,andthenewscame,infact,asasurprise.去掉president前的the
5.occur(occurred;
occurred)vi.发生;
Yes.Itdidn'
toccurtomethat...
是的,我没想到……
sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事
Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……
Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事
①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred(occur).
②Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiswalletathome.
(2)完成句子
It_occurred_to/hit/struckmethatithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.
我突然想到,自上封信以来,已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。
6.indicatevt.指出;
Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethatyouarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.
试着用上面的表达表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。
(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物
indicatethat...示意;
暗示;
说明
(2)indicationn.暗示;
表示;
预兆
indicationofdoingsth.做某事的迹象
①WithanodofhisheadheindicatedtomewhereIshouldsit.
②Thereisanindication(indicate)thathewillrecoverfromthedisease.
③Snowindicates(indicate)thecomingofwinter.
Asis_indicated_in_the_survey,_moreandmorepeoplechoosetotravelabroad.
调查显示,越来越多的人选择出国旅游。
7.apparentadj.显而易见的;
表面上的
Certainproblemswereapparentfromthebeginning.
某些问题从一开始就是显而易见的。
(1)beapparenttosb.对某人来说是显而易见的
Itis/wasapparentthat...很显然……
(2)apparentlyadv.显然地
①Hesatatadifferenttable,apparently(apparent)withoutnoticingher.
②Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.
③Thatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlifeisapparenttousall.
8.slipvi.滑动;
滑跤n.滑倒;
小过失;
滑动
Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedtogooutatthattime.
没有人注意到小偷溜进了这间房子,因为灯在那时正好灭了。
slipinto悄悄进入;
溜进去;
悄悄塞进;
滑行撞上(某物)
slipaway(=outof)悄悄溜走
slipdown滑倒
slipfrom滑脱
slipoutof意外地从……滑出,掉出;
溜出去
①Sheslipped(slip)anoteintomyhandwhentheteacherwasn'
tlooking.
②Myaunthasslippeddowninthestreetandhurtherankle,soIhavetotakehertothedoctor.
9.graspvt.&
n.抓住;
(能力)范围;
控制(力)
In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereabletograsptheopportunityofsettlingintheUSA.
在1940年,民政部门改革了制度,使更多的中国人能够抓住去美国定居的机会。
(1)graspsb.bythecollar抓住某人的衣领
graspone'
smeaning领会某人的意思
(2)beyondone'
sgrasp某人抓不到的/力所不能及的
withinone'
sgrasp某人力所能及的/能抓到的/能理解的
①Hegraspedthethiefbythecollarandfoughtwithhimbravely.
②Wearehopefulthatpeaceisnowwithinourgrasp.
重