考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit3文档格式.docx

考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit3文档格式.docx

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做题备忘

PartA

Text1

社会生活

399

/10

Text2

478391

Text3

商业经济

454

Text4

文化教育

494

PartB

科普知识

581

PartC

358

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Duringthenexthalf-century,mostwealthysocieties—theUnitedStatesisaconspicuousexception—willlosepopulation;

allwillhaveolderpopulations.Thisisacollectivechangethatwillprofoundlyinfluencetheworldeconomy,thefutureofdemocracyandrelationsbetweennationswithdecliningpopulations（generallyrichercountries）andthosewithexpandingpopulations（generallypoorercountries）.Justhowlargetheeffectmightbeisanyone’sguess.Butthedrivingforcesbehindageingandpopulationdecline,lowbirthratesandlongerlifeexpectancy—seemfairlyfixed.

OnlytheUnitedStates—withhigherbirthratesandimmigration—escapespopulationdecline.ButevenintheUnitedStates,therearefewerpotentialworkersforeachpotentialretiree.Aslongasretireesaresupportedbytaxpayers,throughSocialSecurityandhealthinsurance,theeconomicburdenonworkerswillrise.Inmostcountries,theshiftswouldbestarkandpossiblyunworkable.Germany’sworkingagepopulationisprojectedtodropfrom51millionin2000to29millionin2050;

meanwhile,the65andoverpopulationrisesfrom14millionto21million.Althoughtheseprecisepredictionsmayprovewrong,thecentraltruthisthat“thenaturalgrowthofpopulationinthemoredevelopedcountrieshasessentiallyceased”.

Americansmayhavesucceededbetterinmixingfamilyandwork.OrimmigrantsmayhavemorechildrenthanotherAmericans.Regardless,allrichnationswillfeelthepressuresofageing—ordecliningpopulations.Andthere’saperversepossibilitythatmoreoldpeoplewillfurtherreducethenumberofyoungpeople.Iftaxesonworkersincreasetocoverhigherretirementbenefits,families’willingnesstohavechildrenmaydiminish,becauseitwouldbehardertopayforthem.Immigrationisonepossiblesafetyvalve.ButforEuropeandJapan,theincreasesneededtoavertpopulationdeclineswouldbehuge.

Richercountriescouldalsopreparefortheirageingbyinvestinginpoorercountries.Tradecouldsubstituteforimmigration.Investmentsfromwealthiercountrieswouldenabledevelopingnationstobuilduptheirindustries.Aspeopleretireintherichworld,theycouldusesomeofthedividendsandinterestfromtheirinvestmentstobuyimportsfrompoorercountries.

Topredictthefutureisnotalwayseasy.Butfewrichcountriesareanticipatingit.Theyshouldbetemperingtheviciouscircleofhigherretirementspending,heaviertaxesonworkersandfewerchildren.Thismeansgraduallyraisingretirementagesandscalingbackbenefits,especiallyforwealthierretirees.

1.Thelossofpopulationinrichcountriesisdirectlydueto

[A]lowerbirthrate.[B]theinfluenceoftheworldeconomy.

[C]theageingproblem.[D]emigrationtoothercountries.

2.Thedecliningpopulationinrichcountrieswillmainlycause

[A]adecreaseoftheeconomyinthesecountries.

[B]greatereconomicburdenontheyounger.

[C]extendedworking-ageofeachindividual.

[D]moreimmigrantsfrompoorercountries.

3.Ageingwillbringanewroundofpopulationdeclinebecause

[A]peoplewillfinditfinanciallydifficulttosupportbigfamilies.

[B]thenaturalgrowthofpopulationwillbeadverselyaffected.

[C]theimmigrationpolicywillhavetobetightenedintime.

[D]morecapitalwillbeshiftedtopoorercountriesforinvestment.

4.Onewaytogetenoughmoneytofeedtheageinggenerationisto

[A]reducethenumberofimmigrants.

[B]buildupmorepowerfulindustries.

[C]earndividendsfromoverseasinvestment.

[D]givefinancialrewardstofamilieswithmorechildren.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmeasureshouldrichcountriestake?

[A]Loweringstartingageofworkers.[B]Makingpowerfulconstitutions.

[C]Makingattractiveimmigrationpolicies.[D]Reducingthebenefitsofricherretirees.

AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockRudsonlastyearraisedpublicconcernabouttheepidemicalmosttothepointofpanic.Butthatreactionsubsidedforatimeaspeoplewerereassuredaboutthereliabilityofnewtestsfordonatedbloodandtheimprobabilityofcontractingthediseasecasually.Now,generalconcernisfocusednotsomuchonpersonalrisk—mostcasescontinuetooccurinthehigh-riskgroupsofmalehomosexualsanddrugaddicts—butonthegrowingrealizationthatthisdiseaseishavingadeepimpactonoursocietyinanumberofways.

Itisabsorbingfinancialandotherresources.AIDSpatientsrequirelong-termcareinhospitalsandout-patientfacilities,andthehealthcaresystemsinsuchcitiesasNewYorkandSanFranciscoarenotpreparedtohandlethedemand.Bellevue,alargeandrespectedmunicipalhospitalinNewYork,devotesoneoutofeveryfourbedsinitsdepartmentofmedicinetoAIDSpatients.Mostarehospitalizedformonths,andfewhaveanyprivateinsurance.TheCenterforDiseaseControlinAtlantaestimatesthathospitalexpendituresforthefirst10,000AIDSpatientswereabout$1.4billion.Thetotaleconomiccosttothenationofthisgroupofcasesisestimatedtocometo$6billioninhealthcare,disability,andlostproductivity.

Privateinsurerswereunpreparedforthecrisissincetheinvariablyfataldiseasehitsprimarilyyoungpeople.Ninetypercentofthevictimsarebetween20and49yearsold.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficultforthoseinhigh-riskgroupstogethealthandlifeassurance,andintheabsenceofprivatecoverage,publicfundsmustbeused.Inaddition,manyofthevictimsare,forallpracticalpurposes,homeless,rejectedbydisapprovingorfrightenedfriendsandfamily,withoutemployment,andinneedofemotionalandpsychologicalsupport.Itmustbegiven.

Moreimportant,thereisbadnewsonthemedicalfront.Inspiteofastepped-upresearchprogramthereisnosignofanimminentbreakthroughtoacure.Morethan8,000Americanvictimshavealreadydied;

noonehasrecovered.Thepublichasalsolearnedthatearlierassurancesthatonly5to10percentofthosewhohavebeenexposedtotheviruswillcontractthediseasewerefartoooptimistic.Researchershavenowraisedthatfiguretoatleastathird.

ABellevuedoctorreflectedthedespairofthosewhodealwithAIDSpatientseveryday:

“Thecostisstaggering,thegriefisoverwhelming,andthereisnoendinsight.”Yetthesephysiciansandotherscontinuetoworkandtohope.Othersnotdirectlyinvolvedcanhelpbygivingsupporttopublicfundingforresearch,hospitalandhospicecare,andsupportservices.Apublicresolvetoprovidecarenowandaneventualcureforthosewhosufferisthebestresponse.

6.Theword“subside”（Line2,Para.1）mostprobablymeans

[A]lessen.[B]sink.

[C]vanish.[D]settle.

7.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]TheAmericanpublicarenowmainlyconcernedwiththeirownrisk.

[B]AmericansrealizethatAIDShasapowerfulimpactontheirsociety.

[C]PhysiciansrunahigherriskofcatchingAIDS.

[D]HealthcaresystemscanmeettheneedsofAIDSpatients.

8.WhatwillbeusedbymostAIDSpatientstopaytheirhospitalexpenditure?

[A]Theirhealthassurance.[B]Theirownsavings.

[C]Theirprivatecoverage.[D]Publicfund.

9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]SeniorcitizensaremorelikelytocontractAIDScomparedwithyoungpeople.

[B]ManyAIDSvictimssuffernotonlyphysically,butalsoemotionallyandpsychologically.

[C]PeoplewillrefusedonatedbloodinthefuturebecauseitislikelytocontainAIDSvirus.

[D]DoctorshavelosttheirhopetoseeaneventualcurefortheAIDSpatients.

10.It’snowestimatedthat

[A]about33%ofthoseexposedtotheAIDSviruswillbeinfectedwiththedisease.

[B]lessthan13%ofthepeopleattackedbytheAIDSviruswillcontractthedisease.

[C]morethan10%ofthepeopleattackedbytheAIDSviruswillbeinfectedwiththedisease.

[D]about5%ofthoseexposedtotheAIDSviruswillcontractthedisease.

Likeatickingtimebomb,thefallingdollarhasgrabbedtheattentionofJapanandWestGermany,forcingthemtoconsideradoptingeconomicpoliciestheUnitedStatesadvocates.TheU.S.governmentwantsthedollartofallbecauseasthedollardeclinesinvalueagainsttheyenandDeutschemark,U.S.goodsbecomescheaper.U.S.companiesthensellmoreathomeandabroad,andU.S.tradedeficitdeclines.Criesfortradeprotectionabate,andtheglobalfree-tradesystemispreserved.

Then,thecheaperdollarmakesitcheaperformanyforeigninvestorstosnapupU.S.stocks.Thatpromptsheavybuyingfromabroad—especiallyfromJapan.Also,ifthetradepictureisimproving,thatmeansU.S.companieseventuallywillbemorecompetitive.Consequently,manyinvestorsarebuyingsharesofexport-orientedU.S.companiesinanticipationofbetterprofitsinthenextyearorso.Butthatisaratherfaddishnotionrightnow;

ifcorporateearningsaredisappointinginthenextfewquarters,thebuyingspreemightdisappear.Andfinally,ifaplummetingdollarleadstoariseininterestrates,thestockmarketrallycouldstall.

ImprovingU.S.competitivenessmeansadeclineinanother’scompetitiveness.

JapanandWestGermanyarevergingonrecession.Theirexport-orientedeconomiesarefacingmajorproblems.JapanisworriedaboutthedamagethestrongyenwilldotoJapan