面象服务的体系架构SOA.ppt

面象服务的体系架构SOA.ppt

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2002IBMCorporationIBMSWGEnterpriseIntegrationSolution面象服务的体系架构面象服务的体系架构（SOA）（SOA）陈雷（）IBM中国软件开发中心中国软件开发中心2004IBMCorporation日程日程1.1.什么是面向服务的体系架构什么是面向服务的体系架构2.2.SOASOA的价值的价值3.3.构成构成SOASOA的技术的技术4.4.如何构建如何构建SOASOA系统系统5.5.IBMIBM的的SOASOA工具与产品工具与产品6.6.网格计算与网格计算与SOASOA22004IBMCorporation一个组件模型将应用程序的不同功能单元（服务）通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和契约联系起来。

接口是采用中立的方式进行定义的，它应该独立于实现服务的硬件平台、操作系统和编程语言。

构建在各种这样的系统中的服务可以以一种统一和通用的方式进行交互。

什么是什么是面向服务的体系架构?

32004IBMCorporation为什么采用面向服务的体系架构为什么采用面向服务的体系架构?

AServiceOrientedArchitectureenablesflexibleconnectivityofapplicationsorresourcesbyRepresentingeveryapplicationorresourceasaservicewithastandardizedinterfaceEnablingthemtoexchangestructuredinformation（messages,documents,businessobjects）MediatingthemessageexchangethroughanEnterpriseServiceBusThisflexibilityenablesnewandexistingapplicationstobeeasilyandquicklycombinedtoaddresschangingbusinessneeds.Theabilitytoeasilycombine/choreographapplicationsallowsITservicestomorereadilyreflectbusinessprocessesTheSOAinfrastructureisalsousedtofacilitatethemanagementofbusinessperformanceandqualityofservice42004IBMCorporationRequiresDevelopmentInfrastructureManagementSOASOA的价值的价值:

SOA:

SOA实现可变的实现可变的ITIT架构架构52004IBMCorporation构成构成SOASOA的技术的技术什么是服务什么是服务服务调用服务调用服务的编排服务的编排服务的发现服务的发现62004IBMCorporation什么是服务什么是服务?

Awell-defined,invokableunitofbusinessfunctionAccessesbusinessdataorfacilitatesachangeofbusinessdatafromonevalidandconsistentstatetoanother.DefinedusingexplicitinterfacesIndependentofserviceimplementationsProvidescontractbetweenservicerequestorsandserviceprovidersInvokablethroughcommoncommunicationprotocolsProvidesinteroperabilityandlocationtransparency.72004IBMCorporation服务描述服务描述Servicesaredescribedusingastandardizedinterface（metadata）Definestheservice,itsoperations,andinputandoutputparametersDefineshowtheserviceisreachedanditslocationInputandoutputsmaybesimpleparametersorXMLdocumentsAnexistingapplicationcanbegivenaservicefaadeThefaade（e.g.anEJB）isthendescribedastheserviceWebServicesDescriptionLanguage（WSDL）isthestandardusedtodescribetheservice82004IBMCorporation服务描述服务描述:

WSDL:

WSDLWSDL（WebServicesDescriptionLanguage）isanXMLdocumentthatdescribesaServiceusinganumberofkeyelements:

APortTypedefineswhattheservicedoes,andisdescribedbyanumberofoperations.ForeachoperationthedatathatitreceivesandsendsisdescribedbyaMessageTheBindingdefineshowtheservice（asdescribedbythePortType）isinvokede.g.SOAP/HTTP,SOAP/JMS.ThePortspecifiestheaddresswheretheserviceislocated92004IBMCorporation服务调用服务调用ServicesinteractbyexchangingdataoveranEnterpriseServiceBusTheEnterpriseServiceBusisalogicalarchitecturalconstructProvidesinter-connectivityservicesServicesinteractwitheachotherbasedonthequalityofservicerequirementsoftheindividualtransactionsESBconnectsandintegratesanenterprisesITbusinessIndifferentlocations,usingdifferenttransports,acrossorganizationsESBmediatesservicerequestsandresponsesPerformstransformationandroutingEnablesconnectiontypetransparencyESBenablestheuseofmultipleprotocolse.g.SOAP/HTTPcanbeconvertedtoSOAP/JMSandviceversa102004IBMCorporation企业服务总线企业服务总线（ESB）CentraltotheWorkingsofaServiceOrientedArchitectureTransportServicesSynchronous/AsynchronousPersistent/Non-persistentLoosely-coupled/Tightly-coupledEventServicesPublishandSubscribeMediationServicesRoutingTransformationStandardsBasedHTTP/HTTPSwithoptionforWS-ReliableMessagingJMS,JAX-RPC,SOAPWS-Security,WS-Policy,WS-Addressing112004IBMCorporation服务的编排术服务的编排术BusinessprocessesareasetofactivitiescarriedoutinasequenceServicescanbechoreographedtoimplementabusinessprocessi.e.eachsteporactivityinabusinessprocessisimplementedbyaserviceThebusinessprocessitselfbecomesaserviceServicechoreographyisdescribedbytheBusinessProcessExecutionLanguage（BPEL）AstandardproposedtoOASISforprocessdefinitionServiceChoreographyprovides:

ProcessesthatcombineapplicationsandpeopleTransactionalityandcompensationManipulationofprocessdata122004IBMCorporation服务的发现服务的发现AServiceRegistryorDirectoryPublishesservicedescriptionsFindsbusiness,servicesandserviceinterfacesUDDIisastandardforaregistrywebservice（seeUDDI.org）ServicediscoverymaybeatdesigntimeorruntimeWebSphereStudioprovidesWebServicesExplorertopublishandsearchUDDIUDDIServiceentriescontainURLofitsWSDLAUDDIdirectorymaybeprivatetoanenterpriseWSDLforservicesmaybestoredinlocalfilesanddirectoriesESBmediationsmaybeusedtodetermineserviceslocationatruntimeServiceRegistry132004IBMCorporationSOA的服务栈的服务栈SOAusesWebServicesspecificationstoimplementitsfeaturesManyWebServicesspecificationsarebeingstandardizedIBM