蚌埠市高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Facebookwillurgeme,andinvariablyappealtometopostanupdatetoremindpeopleIexist.AllIhavetodoismakemylocation,habitsandbeliefstransparenttotheirparentcompanieswhenevertheychoosetocheckinonme.
Sowhat'
sgoingon?
“Visibilityisatrap,”explainedtheFrenchphilosopherMichelFoucaultinDisciplineandPunish:
theBirthofthePrison（1975）.Allowingoneselftobewatched,andlearningtowatchothers,isbothattractiveanddangerous.Hetookforexample“Panopticon”,aprisonwhereprisonerswereobservedfromatowermannedbyaninvisibleoccupant.Theprisonerswouldbelieveinthepresenceofthemysteriouswatchman,whetherornotanyonewasactuallyinside,andbehavethemselves.
AccordingtoFoucault,thedynamicsofthePanopticonaresimilartohowgenerallypeopleself-monitorinsociety.Inthepresenceofever-watchingwitness,peoplepolicethemselves.Theydon'
tknowwhattheobserversarelookingfor,orwhatthepunishmentsarefordisobedience（不顺从）.Buttheywillinglyacceptandfollowthisinvisiblediscipline.
Foucaultclaimedthatsuchmonitoringisworrisome,notjustbecauseofwhatcompaniesandstatesmightdowithourdata,butbecausetheactofwatchingisitselfaterribleexerciseofpower,whichmayinfluencebehaviorwithoutourfullyrealizingit.
Butsomething'
snotrighthere.Whydoestheself-displaycontinuewhenwearesurethatwearewatchedfromeverywhereandnowhere?
Socialmediaprovidesapublicspacethatoftenoperatesmorelikeaprivateone,wheremanypeopleholdthebeliefthattheretheywon'
tsuffertheconsequencesofwhattheysayonline,asifprotectedbytechnology.
Platowouldbealarmedbythelackofshameonline.Hispointaboutmoralknowledgeisthis:
wealreadyknowtherightwaytoliveajustandfulfillinglife,butareconstantlydistracted（转移）fromthatnobleaim.Forhim,then,shamehelpsusbetruetoourselvesandtopayattentiontothemoralknowledgewithin.Amanwithoutshame,Platosays,isaslavetodesire—formaterialgoods,power,fame,respect.Suchdesire,byitsnature,cannotbesatisfied.
Phenomenon
Whilepeoplehatebeingmonitored,the________
ofprivacyisgraduallybecomingamoreseriousproblem.
Myexperience
Icomplainaboutthelackofprivacybutstillexchangeitforconvenience.
convenience
*I________
onGooglemapsforthefastestroutetoavoiddelaysonpublictransport.
*Facebookwillremindmeofmyfriends'
birthdays,andappealtometobeupdated.
cost
Imustmakemy________
informationavailabletorelevantcompanies.
MichelFoucault'
sexplanations
Idea:
Visibilityisatrap.
Ananalogy:
*InthePanopticon,prisonersbehavethemselvesjustbecausetheybelievedtheywerewatchedbyan________
watchman.
*Inreallife,thewaypeopleself-monitor________
thedynamicsofthe
Panopticon.Theywillinglyfollowtheinvisiblediscipline.
Worries:
Ourdatamaybe________
andmonitoringmayinfluenceustochangeourbehavior________.
Reasonsforcontraction
Thoughbeingwatched,self-displaycontinuesbecausesomenetizensthinkthattheydon'
tneedtotake________
forwhattheysayonline.
Conclusion
*Shameisessentialinleadingajustandfulfillinglife.
*Shamehelpsusstaytruetoourselvesandfocusonour________.
*Shamecan________
usbeingaslavetodesiresforfameandfortune.
【答案】invasion/violation/leak/lack
；
depend/rely/count
private/personal
invisible
resembles
abused/misused
unconsciously
responsibility
morality/moral（s）
prevent/stop
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，我们所有网上的行为都被监视，虽然网络给我们带来了便利，但隐私的泄露却给我带来了很大的影响。
很多人尽管知道自己的行为被监视，却仍然在网上我行我素，认为自己的行为不会带来严重的后果，文章认为这主要是因为缺少羞耻心。
（1）考查同义转换。
根据第一段中的“There'
rebeingwatchedallthetime,anddisapproveofthemonitorbyGoogleandthegovernment.”可知当我们上网的时候，我们的行为都收到了监视。
我们的隐私被泄露了，而且这已经成为一个有利于严重的问题。
所以本句要填名词invasion/violation/leak/lack。
（2）考查同义转换。
根据第二段中的“GoogleMapswillinformmeofthefastestroutetomydestination”可知我依靠Google地图可以寻找到最快的路线。
所以句中要填depend/rely/count。
（3）考查同义转换。
根据第二段中的“AllIhavetodoismakemylocation,habitsandbeliefstransparenttotheirparentcompanieswhenevertheychoosetocheckinonme.”可知如果我想得到便利，必须要把我的私人信息上传到相关的网站上。
所以句中要填private/personal。
（4）考查原词再现。
根据第三段中的“Hetookforexample“Panopticon”,aprisonwhereprisonerswereobservedfromatowermannedbyaninvisibleoccupant.”可知这所监狱里的囚犯行为得体主要是因为他们一直认为有他们看不见的人在监视着他们，句中出现了原词“invisible”，所以句中要填invisible。
（5）考查同义转换。
根据第四段中的“AccordingtoFoucault,thedynamicsofthePanopticonaresimilartohowgenerallypeopleself-monitorinsociety.”可知现实生活里的人和监狱里的人一样，他们都认为有看不见的人在监视着他们，所以他们的举止得体。
句中使用动词resemble与原句中besimilarto语义一致，句中主语是单数名词theway，所以要填resembles。
（6）考查句意理解。
根据第五段“…notjustbecauseofwhatcompaniesandstatesmightdowithourdata…”可知我们的隐私可能会被有关公司滥用，而我们自己却一点也不清楚。
所以句中要填abused/misused。
（7）考查同义转换。
根据第五段最后“whichmayinfluencebehaviorwithoutourfullyrealizingit.”可知这是在我们没有完全意识到的情况下对我们的行为会有影响。
句中使用副词unconsciously替换介词短语“withoutourfullyrealizingit”，所以要填unconsciously。
（8）考查句意理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“wheremanypeopleholdthebeliefthattheretheywon'
tsuffertheconsequencesofwhattheysayonline,asifprotectedbytechnology.”可知虽然很多人知道网络行为被监视，但他们仍然认为自己不会承担不好的结果。
所以句中要填responsibility。
（9）考查句意理解。
根据倒数第三句“Forhim,then,shamehelpsusbetruetoourselvesandtopayattentiontothemoralknowledgewithin.”可知羞耻感会让人们保持真实性，并关注内心的道德。
句中要填名词承担focuson的宾语，所以要填morality/moral（s）。
（10）考查句意理解。
根据倒数第二句“Amanwithoutshame,Platosays,isaslavetodesire—formaterialgoods,power,fame,respect.”可知柏拉图认为没有羞耻感的人会成为欲望的奴隶。
说明羞耻感可以阻止人们被欲望奴役。
所以句中要填prevent/stop。
【点评】本题考点涉及同义转换，原词再现和句意理解等题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料内容，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
2．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格里填上一个最恰当的单词。
注意：
每个空格只填1个单词。
Asthma（哮喘）isalong-lastingbreathingdiseasethataffectsmillionsofAmericans,manyofwhomarechildren.Peoplewhogetasthmawillsufferfromlackofbreath,difficultyinbreathingorcoughing--whicharecausedbythetighteningofthemusclesinairways.Untreatedasthmacanleadtopoorlungfunctionanddeath,butasthmacanalsobeeffectivelycontrolledwithpropertreatments.
Researchisdiscoveringgenesthatcontributetothedevelopmentofasthma.Thisdevelopmenthaspointedresearcherstotheroleofindoorandoutdoorpollutionasenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedoccurrenceofasthma.
TheIndoorPollution
Indoorpollutionhasincreasedwiththedevelopmentsinbuildingmaterialsandinheatingandairconditioningsystems.Inadditiontopoisonousgasesthatcomefrompaint,othermaterialslikedustandperfumesusedinhouseholdproductssuchaswashingpowderarerecycledcontinuouslythroughthehouse,winterandsummer.
Unlikethedaysbeforecentralheatingorbeforewhole-houseairconditioning,thesematerialsandchemicalscannotgetoutofmodernhomes.Mostoften,theycausebreathingproblemsinthemembersofthefamilywiththeleast-developedautoimmune（自身免疫的）systems.Properventing（通风）anduseofenvironmentally-friendlybuildingmaterialsandcarpetingcanhelpreducethepresenceofthesechemicals.
TheOutdoorpollution
Researchershavealsoestablishedoutdoorpollution'
sroleasaprobablecauseofasthma.Asthmahasbeenproventoresultfromsomefuelproducts.Smogandthesmallmatterscarriedbyithavebeenrecognizedasafactorwhichleadstoasthmasincethe19thcenturywhenLondonsawmoreandmorediseasesintheindustrialpopulation.Industrialpollutantsandotherchemicalswhichareproducedinwatertreatmentandopentreatedwaterlikethatfoundintheswimmingpoolsalsocontributetoincreasedcasesofasthmaaswellasotherillnesses.
Thosemostaffectedbytheincreaseofindustrialandenvironmentalpollutionarechildren.AlthoughmuchhasbeendonetocontrolthelevelsofpollutionintheUS,therestillremainsmuchtodoasitisaworldwidephenomenon.Untilaninternationaleffortcanbemadetolimitcarbonemissions,theoccurrenceofenvironmentalasthmawillprobablycontinuetoincrease.
The________betweenasthmaandairpollution
The________ofasthma
●lackofbreath
●difficultyinbreathing
●coughing
Thepossible________of
untreatedasthma
●poorlungfunction
●death
________contributingtotheincreasedasthma
Indoorpollution
●Itis________bybuildingmaterialsandheatingandairconditioningsystems.
●________somepoisonousgases,dustandperfumesworsenpollution.
●Somematerialandchemicals________inmodernhomes.
Outdoorpollution
●Smogandthesmallmatterscarriedbyitcauseasthma,whichisprovenbya（n）________numberoflungdiseasesintheindustrialpopulation.
●Industrialpollutantsandotherchemicalsinwaterare________topeople'
shealth.79topeople'
shealth.
Onlywhenallcountriesjointogethertolimitcarbonemissionscanpeoplebe________romsufferingenvironmentalasthma.
【答案】relationship／relation／connection／association／link；
symptoms；
consequences／results／effects；
Factors；
caused/increased；
Besides；
re
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