话题阅读科普知识Word下载.docx

话题阅读科普知识Word下载.docx

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　　Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear,yellowishcolor.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit’soutsidethebody,whenit’ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it’smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolor.Attherightdepth,theseblood-filledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

　　Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?

　　Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou’rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

　　Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon’ttheygrowbackingrown-ups?

　　Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong;

theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you’redone.Whenthey’regone,they’regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou’resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

　　Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

　　Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn’tbecausethey’reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）.Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3-4cminheightastheyage,whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold,wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere,like60cmtall,likealittleboyagain?

No,becauseoldpeopledon’treallyshrink!

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards–theirlegs.armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter,it’sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,becomemorebentandcurved.

　　Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩晕的）?

　　Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou’reseeingandwhatyou’refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou’respinningusingspecialgravity-andmotion-sensingorgansinyourinnerear,whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.But,whenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol,andyourbrainthinksyou’removingwhileyou’renot!

　　Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea–frommicetodogs,cats,andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear,painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother,newerbitsofthebrain,wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalontheplanet.

　　Ifexercisewearsyouout,howcanitbegoodforyou?

　　Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned,it’s“useit,orloseit”!

It’snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy;

it’smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.

46.Whenisthecolourofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

A.Blue.B.Lightyellow.C.RedD.Darkreddishpurple.

47.Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

A.Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.

B.Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

C.Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.

D.Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?

A.Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

B.Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.

C.Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

D.Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

49.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

A.Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

B.Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

C.Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

D.Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

【原题拓展训练】

I.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图

Ifbloodisred,whyareveins.1.?

Whichworksharder,your2.oryour3.?

SevenscientificWhydoteethfallout,andwhydon’ttheygrowbackin4.?

puzzlesonourDooldpeople5.astheyage?

body.Whydoesspinningmakeyou6.?

Wheredo7.and8.comefrom?

Ifexercise9.youout,howcanitbe10.foryou?

II.信息句与长难句分析

1.（46题信息句）Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit’soutsidethebody,whenit’ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it’smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.

分析：

although引导从句，在主句和从句中分别含有一个when引导的从句。

翻译：

.

2.（48题信息句）But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

and连接并列句。

在第一个分句中，because引导从句，从该从句中，含有when引导的从句；

在because引导的从句中还含有一个倍数的表达方式，即“倍数+as+adj./adv.（+n.）+as+其他”的结构。

【真题精选对应训练】

广东·

阅读理解D）

WhileJenniferwasathosetakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass,amonitor（监控器）afewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.

UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer’sLosAngelesapartment,themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedformthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked–remotely–topreventInternetsearches,andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas:

Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast?

Orwassheslowingdown?

Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid–thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.

Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade，theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges，publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.

Asidefromthewebcameras,anumberofotherhigh-techmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudents’identitiesusingpersonalinformation,suchasthetelephonenumbertheyonceused.

Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexambydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones,Asinmanyuniversityclasses,termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating.

41.WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam?

A.Tocorrecthertypingmistakes.B.Tofindhersecretsintheroom.

C.Topreventherformslowingdown.D.Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.

42.TheunderlinedexpressioncuttingedgeinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.advancedtechniqueB.sharpeningtool

C.effectiveruleD.dividingline

43.Forinternetuniversities,examsanddiplomaswillbevalidif_____.

A.theycanattractpotentialstudentsB.theycandefeatacademiccheating

C.theyofferstudentsonlinehelpD.theyoffermanyonlinecourses

44.Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby_____.

A.checkingthequestionansweringspeedB.producingalargenumberofquestions

C.scanningtheInternettestquestionD.givingdifficulttestquestion

45.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.TheAdvantagesofOnlineExamsB.TheHigh-techMethodsinOnlineCourses

C.TheFightagainstCheatinginOnlineEducation

D.TheWaragainsttheBoomingofOnlineEducation

5年真题拓展训练

（2）

阅读理解C）

　　Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisborn,thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobjectinitsenvironment,particularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekorso,however,thebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewcomersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother”–therealmotherorthemother-substitute（母亲代替物）.

　　Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychological（心理的）thingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby.TheHarlows,acouplewhoarebothpsychologists,discoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesofmother-substitutes–onecoveredwithclothandonemakeofbarewire.Ifthetwoartificialmotherswereboththesametemperature,thelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredtheclothmother.However,ifthewiremodelwasheated,whiletheclothmodelwascool,forthefirsttwoweeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother-substitutesastheirfavorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemorecomfortableclothmother.

　　Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire?

SometimethattheHarlowscalledcontact（接触）comfortseemstobetheanswer,andamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers’skins,puttingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththeparentastheycan.Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened,disturbed,