职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析 理工类B级Word格式文档下载.docx

职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析 理工类B级Word格式文档下载.docx

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3Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting

Astated 

Bannounced

CsuggestedDdemanded

4Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

Adependedon 

Blivedon

Cbelievedin 

Djoinedin

5ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathlete—breaksarecord

Amaintains 

Bbeats

C 

matches 

Dtries

6Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

Ahealthy 

Bhappy

Cnaughty 

Dbusy

7Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor

Adisplayed 

Blaid

Ckept 

Dstored

8Shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.

Amisery 

Blaughter

Ccry 

Danger

9MaryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongUS

Aintelligent 

Bbeautiful

Chardworking 

Dtalkative

10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless．

A 

Forceful 

B 

Reasonable

Fjml 

D 

Continuous

11Whycan’tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

Along 

Beverlasting

CtemporaryDboring

12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheeadhquake

Adanlaged 

Bshaken

cfallen 

Djumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

Afaithful 

Broyal

Csincere 

Dgenuine

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics

Asimp]icity 

Battraction

Cpower 

Drigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

Amist 

Bfog

Csecret 

Dmystery

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句于，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提

供的是正确信息，请选择A：

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B：

如果该句的信息文中

没有提及，请选择C。

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14；

datingOnekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappenedRadiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicagoAnatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（质子）andsixneutrons（中子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14．isaradioacliveunstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）itreturnstoamorestablefromofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus

InLibby’sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromthisdecayprocesserecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounterthedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisradioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50.000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoaIllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）.Onceanorganism（有机体）diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay．OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolderthatsampleis

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdepend013radiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

ARight 

BWrong 

CNotmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

cNotmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50．000years

21TheC-14 

inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

日Wrong 

22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25．000years

ARight 

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

Chimpanzees

1 

Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewildButthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives—humanbeings

2 

lnl975thebiologistMade-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98％Comparethistothemouse．usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60％ofitsDNAwithusinfactchimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkeyAswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetootsThesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp

3Thechimpanzees’trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatvetednarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseasesItisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4 

Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,theviresthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5 

Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23Paragraph 

l 

________ 

24Paragraph 

2 

25Paragraph 

3 

26Paragraph 

4 

AGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

BReasonsforHIVresistance

CImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

DEffectiveAIDStreatment

EGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

F 

Chimps’resistancetoHIV

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect________ 

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2％betweenthechimpand 

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting 

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto 

A 

healthierlifestyle

B 

somehumandiseasetreatments

C 

somediseases

D 

humansurvival

E 

humangenomes

keyareas

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文．每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项

第一篇 

Water

Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwaterThiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat100Candboilsat100CLifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

Theearth’ssupplyof 

waterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity．Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately,butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometersMostof 

itisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans—about97percent.Therestisfresh．Butthree-quartersofthisisinthefomoficeatthePolesandonmountainsandcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfraction，whichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole．thereis10—20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurfaceThereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervapourintheatmosphere

Watervapourintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewatercirculation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopassWaterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis，asmightbeexpecte,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheIand，butthereIsmorerainfallovertheIandthanovertheoceansandthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers

31Liquidwateronlyexists

Ainthecenteroftheearth

Bonthesurfaceofourplanet

Cinthecoastalareasoftheearth

Dinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures

32ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

Ahasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears

Bremainsalmostunchanged

Cisdecreasingconstantly

Disaffectedbyglobalwarming

33MostofthefreshwateronEarth

AisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains

Bisstoredunderground

Cisfoundinriversandlakes

Dcomesfromtherain

34Theword“fraction”inthesecondparagraphmeans

Aalargearea

Baverysmallamount

Canimportantsystem

Damaj