高一定语从句文档格式.docx

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高一定语从句文档格式.docx

先行词+关系词+从句

人物

主格Who/thatWhich/that

宾格Whom/that/whoWhich/that

定语whoseWhose:

…ofwhich

1)who,whom,that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

关系代词充当宾语可以省略。

Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?

他就是你想见的人吗?

(who/that在从句中作主语)

Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2)whose用来指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,。

例如:

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisred.(指物)

ThelawyerwhosenameisWangJinlivesinNanjing.(指人)

3)which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。

Greatchangeswhich/thathaveneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.

(which/that在句中作主语)

Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。

(which/that在句中作宾语)

II.关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词when,where,why在从句中充当状语,分别可表时间、地点或原因。

IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.

Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.

注:

先行词是theway时,其后的定语从句关系词有三种,例如:

Ilikethewayinwhich/(that)theteachergiveshislessons.

从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。

也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分

试比较:

Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)IspentinHongkong.

(spent是及物动词,后缺宾语,因此用关系代词或省略)

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichHongkongreturnedtoitsmotherland.

(从句主谓宾结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词)

Thereason(that/which)hegavefornotcomingtoschoolyesterdayisunbelievable.

(gave是及物动词,后缺宾语,因此用关系代词或省略)

Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisunbelievable.

Ⅲ.关系代词引导的限制性与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,去掉后主句意义就变得不明确,它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。

ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.

非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些,它对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响主句意义。

因此,一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。

这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。

Myfather,whoisadoctor,oftenencouragesmetoworkhard.

Ⅳ.介词+关系代词的用法

关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,不能用that,也不能省略,常用which或whom。

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。

Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.

=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.

但遇到固定词组时,介词一般紧跟词组主体,不作前置。

如:

Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?

(这里介词for一般不提前,因为lookfor是固定词组,意为“寻找”,介词for若被提前,单个的look意为“看”,句意不符。

巩固练习

I.单项选择

1.You’dbetternotdrinkwater_____hasnotbeenboiled.

A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.who

2.Thedirectorandhismovie___youhavejusttalkedisreallypopular.

A.thatB.whichC.aboutwhichD.ofwhom

3.Hisdog,______wasnowveryold,becameillanddied.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

4.Thisisthehouse_______Iwasbornonarainyevening.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.atwhich

5.Sheismyformerclassmate_______handwritingisverygood.

A.whomB.whoseC.ofwhomD.which

6.Isthegirlyourfriend_______youshookhandsjustnow?

A.whichB.thatC.towhomD.withwhom

7.InfacttheSwedendidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.

A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which

8.Didn'

tyouseetheman________Inoddedtojustnow?

A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.towhich

9.Ican'

tfindthegoldring_______Ispent100dollars.

A.thatB.onwhichC.whichD.inwhich

10.Theradioset____Iboughtlastweekhasgonewrong.

A./B.forwhichC.overwhichD.what

Answers:

ⅠACDCB,DDBBA

定语从句(Attributiveclauses)Part2

I.关系代词that与which;

that与who的一些特殊用法:

指物时,关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用,但以下几种情况下一般用that,不用which:

1)先行词是all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词;

或是先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等修饰时:

Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouintown?

Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.

当something确指某物或某事时,用that或which都可以,如:

Thereissomethingthat/whichkeepsworryingme.“有一件事一直令我不安。

2)先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词thefirst,thesecond…,thelast修饰时:

Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.

Thefirstplace(that)we’llvisitistheGreatWall.

3)先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时:

Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.

Thisistheverybook(that)I’vebeenlookingfor.

4)先行词既有人又有物时:

Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.

5)当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时,为避免重复,定语从句中常用that:

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?

Whichisthedictionary(that)youboughtyesterday?

只能用which的两种情况

1)非限制性定语从句,先行词为物

e.g.Yangtzeriver,whichisthethirdlongestriver,liesinChina.

2)整句话当先行词

Itrainedalot,whichmadeafloodhappened

只能用as,不能用which,that,who的两种情况

1)先行词被such,thesame修饰时

e.g.I’veneverheardofsuchaterribleearthquakeasyoutoldme.

YouareusingthesamepenasIlostyesterday.(像,两支)

YouareusingthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.(正是,同一支)

2)非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如…所知道,所期望…的一样”

e.g.Asweknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina,

当先行词是anyone,those,these,he,she等代词表“人”时,一般用who而不用that:

Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.

ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:

30p.m.

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.

当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,通常用that而不用who:

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.

II.关系代词whose的特殊用法(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换,ofwhich可置于其所修饰的名词前或后;

若指人,可以同ofwhom互换)。

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(指物)

=Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhich(ofwhichthecover)isgreen.

Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.(指人)

=Thedoctor,thenameofwhomwasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.

III.一种特殊的非限制性定语从句

在非限制性定语从句中,有时根据句子意思,常把some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。

Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.

(比较:

Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.)

Wehavetestedthreehundredtypesofboots,noneofwhichis/arecompletelywaterproof.

Wehavetestedthreehundredtypesofboots,butnoneofthemis/arecompletelywaterproof.)

Ⅳ.定语从句中易犯的错误

1.在定语从句中加了多余的定语

e.g.SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.(them)

2.把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错

e.g.Anyonewhobreaktheruleswillbepunished.(breaks)

Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome.(have)

HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowEnglishinourschool.(knows)

Thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(are)

3.误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词

e.g.Children∧eatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.(who/that)

4.定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词

a).Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.(wherehelives或thathelivesin)

b)IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(thedaywhen或thedayonwhich)

5.在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词

Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.(that/which)

Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear.(that/which)

6.在先行词reason后错用关系副词why

Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.(that/which)

7.主句不完整,首先要补充完整

Thisfactoryis∧thatIworkedin.(theone)

8.what引导的名词性从句做主语,宾语,表语

Thatcanbedonehasalreadybeendone.(what)

9.误将强调句型当定语从句

Iwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout.(that)

Correctthemistakes

1.ThisisthelastlessonwhichMr.Smithtaughtme.

2.Ihavereadallthebookswhichyoulentme.

3.IsthereanythingelsewhichIcandoforyou?

4.Tomandhisdogwhichwerehereamomentagohavedisappeared.

5.Helivesintheroom,thewindowofthatfacesthesouth.

6.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwefirstspenttogether?

7.HeistheonlyoneoftheexpertswhoknowalittleChinese.

8.Whoisthemanwhoshookhandswithyoujustnow?

9.Isthismuseumthattheyvisitedyesterday?

10.Hisfatherdiedlastyear,whomadehimsad.

11.Allwhatyoushoulddonowistotakeagoodrest.

12.DoyouknowtheteacherwhomIthinkwillcometoteachusEnglish?

.

13.Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakeitpossibleforplantstogrow.

14.Ihadneverheardsuchaninterestingstorylikehetold.

15.Peoplewhohaseyescansometimesactjustasfoolishlyastheblindmen.

经典例析

典型例题分析

高考题

1.All____isneededisasupplyofoil.(’89)

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

点拨:

本题考查引导定语从句的关系词,what只能用于名词性从句,因此A/D可以排除,又因先行词为不定代词all,所以答案为B。

2.Hepaidtheboys$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforat

leastayear.(’90)

A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which

本题考查非限制性定语从句。

从句子结构上看,两句之间用的是逗号,无连词连接,故确定为从属句,介词后面的关系代词代物,只能用which,答案为D。

3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.(’92)

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

本题考查定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法。

根据句意“向某人求助”是turnto

sb.forhelp,其中介词to可提前,故答案为D。

本句也可以如下表达:

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson(who/whom/that)shecouldturntoforhelp.)

4.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madethe

othersunhappy.(2000)

A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what

本题考查非限制性定语从句指代整个句子的用法,意为“老是自赞她在剧中表演

的角色,这件事当然令他人不快。

”指代前面所说的整句话,用which。

故答案为B。

从句中插入ofcourse增加了考测难度,解题时可先把它忽略。

易混题

(1)

5.①Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____French.

②Johnisoneofthestudentswho____French.

A.knowB.knowsC.knowingD.known

答案是①B②A。

在句①中的句意是“约翰是学生中唯一懂法语的那个学生”,其重心是theonlyone故从句谓语动词应与one一致。

在句②中的句意是“约翰是懂法语的学生中的一个”,也就是“懂法语的学生不止一个,约翰只是其中之一”,其重心是thestudents,故从句中谓语动词应与students一致。

6.①Thisistheknife____Iusuallycutmypencil.

②Thisistheknife____Iusuallyusetocutmypencil.

A.withwhichB.

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