High school高中的定义.docx

High school高中的定义.docx

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Highschool高中的定义

InformationofHighschool

Highschoolisthenameusedinsomepartsoftheworld（inparticularScotland,NorthAmericaandAustralia）todescribeaninstitutionwhichprovidesallorpartofsecondaryeducation.ThetermoriginatedinScotlandandspreadtotheNewWorldcountriesasthehighprestigethattheScottisheducationalsystemhadatthetimeledseveralcountriestoemployScottisheducatorstodeveloptheirstateeducationsystems.[citationneeded]Theprecisestageofschoolingprovidedbyahighschooldiffersfromcountrytocountry,andmayvarywithinthesamejurisdiction.InallofNewZealandandpartsofAustraliaandCanada,highschoolissynonymouswithsecondaryschool,andencompassestheentiresecondarystageofeducation.Highschoolcanalsobethepointinlifeformanystudentswheretheymatureanddevelopadeepersenseofunderstandingaboutthemselvesandthepeoplearoundthem.Alternatively,somestudentswillundergothistransitionalstagelateroninlifewhentheyentercollegeoruniversity,althoughthisisusuallyacontinuedprogressionthatoriginatesinhighschool.

Brazil

InBrazil,highschoolisofficiallycalled"EnsinoMédio"andisalsoinformallyknownas"Colegial"or"SegundoGrau".Itisthelastphasetobasiceducation.Brazilianhighschoollasts3years,attemptingtodeepenwhatstudentslearninelementaryschoolandjuniorhigh.ABrazilianhighschoolstudentisreferencedbytheiryear-1st,2ndand3rdyears.

Unlikesomecountries,Brazilianstudentsdon'thaveafinaltesttoconcludestudies.Theirapprovaldependsonlyontheirfinalgradeoneachsubject.Eachuniversityelaboratesitsowntesttoselectnewstudents-thistest,the"vestibular",generallyhappensonceayear.Enem,anon-mandatorynationalexam,evaluateshighschoolstudentsinBrazilandisusedtorankbothprivateandpublicschools.

ThebestscoresinvestibularandinEnemandthebestuniversitiesareconcentratedontheSouthernregionofthecountry,mainlyinthestatesofSãoPaulo,RiodeJaneiro,MinasGerais,EspíritoSanto,RioGrandedoSul,SantaCatarinaandParaná,andintheFederalDistrict.Thelackoffundsandhistoricalandsocialproblemscontributetopoorattendancefromthestudents,especiallythoseinpublicschools.Nevertheless,somearenationalmodels,suchastheColégioPedroII,namedafterthe19thcenturyemperor.

Privateestablishments,ontheotherhand,mayberecognizedasacademicallyexcellentormerelyasinvestmentsinsocialnetworking.Schedulesvaryfromschooltoschool.Thesubjectstaught,however,areconceivedbytheMinistériodaEducação（MinistryofEducation）whichemphasisesthehardsciences.

TheeducationalyearbeginsinFebruaryandfinishesinDecember;institutionsarepermittedtodefinetheirownactualstartandenddates.Theymust,however,provide200daysofclasses.

Universitiesarealsodividedintopublicandprivate.Atthislevel,publiconesareconsideredexcellentandtheirvestibularexamisverycompetitive（theexamformedschoolinUNICAMPmayhit300candidatesperplace）.Forbetterpreparation,therefore,manystudentstakea"cursopré-vestibular"（universityprep.course）.Thelargerprivatehighschoolsofferthiscourse.

CzechRepublic

TheCzechschoolsystemis,duetohistoricreasons,almostsameasTheGermanschoolsystem.Theschoolsystemisfreeandmandatorytoage16.AftertheZákladníškola（ElementarySchool）inageof16,studentsaredirectedtothreedifferentoptionalsecondaryeducationschools:

∙Středníodbornéučiliště（SOU）-designedforstudentsgoingintoatrade（e.g.,carpentry,masonry,auto-mechanicetc.）Educationis3yearslongandentranceexamfree,combinedwithpractice（oneweekstudyinschool/oneweekpracticeinfactory,bakery,buildingsite...etc.）,finishedwithacertificate.

∙Středníodbornáškola（SOŠ）-designedforstudentsgoingintoaprofession（accountant,technician,kindergartenteacher..）andfinisheswithmaturitaasexitexam.Theleavingexamconsistof2compulsoryand2optionalsubjects.CompulsorysubjectsareCzechlanguageandWorldLiteratureandoneotherlanguage.Optionalonesdependonthetypeofschool（mathematics,physics,accounting,etc.）Thestudyis4yearslongandyouneedtopassanentranceexam（CzechLanguageandMathematicsorPhysics,varieswiththetypeofschool）

∙Gymnasium（Gym）-designedforstudentsgoingtouniversity/collegeandfinisheswithamaturitaexam.Alsowith2mandatorysubjectsCzechlanguageandWorldLiteratureandoneotherlanguage.Optionalsubjectsvary,usuallybetweenhumanisticandscience.Thestudyis4,6or8yearslong.Incaseof6（8）yearsone,thepupilsfinishelementaryschooltwo（four）yearsearlierandthistwo（four）yearshasharderstudyingprogrammeonGymnasium.Therearealsoentryexamstoalltheseprog