学位英语考试模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

学位英语考试模拟试题Word文档格式.docx

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sewingsuperfluousbuttonsonclothesbecameacraze—notonethatseemsharmfultousthoughsome

ItalianstookadifferentviewandalawagainstbuttonswasenforcedinFlorence.Nobuttonsweretobe

wornontheupperarmspenaltyfordisobedience—asoundwhipping.（Howoftenthishadtobecarriedout.

historydoesnotrelate!

）

Mostofthebuttonsonmodernclotheswhichcouldliecalleddecorativeoncedidinfactservea

usefulpurpose.Buttonsonbootsareonegoodexample.Sleevebuttonsonmen'

scoatsareareminderof

thedayswhenthefashionwasforwearingshirtswithfrillylacecuffs.

Onthetailsofamoderntailcoatthereareindeedbuttonswhicharepurelyornamentalbutinearlier

dayshorsemenusedthesebuttonstokeepthetailsoutofharm'

sway.

Withregardlothesideonwhichclothesarebuttoned,originallybothmaleandfemaledresswas

buttonedonthelefthandside.Changecamewhenmenhadtohaveaccesstotheirswords.

Soperhapsitisworthtakingalookatbuttons.

51.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingbuttons?

A.Theyhavelittlefunction.

B.Theyaretheonlyusefulaccessory.

C.Theyreceivetheleastattentionamongaccessories.

D.Theyareoneofthebestadornmentstoanyclothes.

52.Accordingtotheauthor,_______..

A.buttonsareusedasornamentsonlyinmoderntimes

B.buttonshavebeenusedasornamentssincethe14thcentury

C.buttonswereusedasornamentsbeforethe13lhcentury

D.buttonshavebeenusedasornamentsonandoffthroughoutthehistory

53.Itisimpliedthatinthe14thcenturybuttons________.

A.wereasymbolofwealth

B.wereoccasionallyputonclothes

C.begantohavepracticalfunctions

D.representedthewearers'

artistictaste

54.InFlorence,acityinItaly,buttonswereonce______.

A.lovedbyeverycitizen

B.bannedbecausetheywereacraze

C.consideredharmfulandnobodyworethem

D.forbiddenontheupperarms

55.Itseemstotheauthorthatbuttons

A.areworthasecondlook

B.haveneverservedanyfunction

1

C.shouldnothesewedoncoats

D.playanimportantroleinourlives

56.Maleandfemaledressisnowbuttoned

A.ontherightside

B.ontheleftside

C.ondifferentsides

D.onthesameside

PassageTwo

Behindmostofthebadthingswedotoourbodiesasadults,eatingmorethanweshouldistheidea

wecarrywithusfromchildhood.Ontheonehand,weassumethatwearcindestructible.Ontheother,we

thinkthatanydamageweimposeonourselvescanbeundonewhenwefinallycleanupouract.

Iftheevidenceforhowwrongthefirstideaisisn'

tapparentwhenyoustandnakedinfrontofthe

mirror,justwait.Butwhatifyoucatrightanddropallyourbadhabits?

Istherestilltimetorepairthe

damage?

Toasurprisingdegree-theanswerisyes.Overthepastfiveyears,scientistshaveaccumulateda

wealthofdataaboutwhathappenswhenagingpeoplewithhadhabitsdecidetoturntheirlivesaround.

Thehearteningconclusion:

thebodyhasanamazingabilitytohealitself,providedthedamageisnottoo

great.

Theeffectsofsomebadhabitssmoking,inparticular—canhauntyoufordecades.Butthedamage

fromotherhabitscanbelargelyhealed.

Anytimeyouimproveyourbehaviorandmakelifestylechanges,theymakeadifferencefromthat

pointon.saysDr.JeffreyKoplan.Maybenotrightaway.It'

slikeslammingonthebrakes.Youdo

needacertaindistance.

Butthedistancecanberemarkablyshort.Considertherecentannouncementsfromthefrontlinesof

medicalresearch:

—Astudyconcludedthatwomenwhoconsumeaslittleastwoservingsoffishaweekcuttheirrisk

ofsufferingastroketohalfthatofwomenwhoeatlessthanoneservingoffishamonth.

—Thedayyouquitsmoking,thecarbonmonoxidelevelsinyourbodydropdramatically.Within

weeks,yourbloodbecomeslessstickyandyourriskofdyingfromaheartattackstartstodecline…

Adoptinghealthyhabitswon'

tcureallthatbothersyou,ofcourse.Butdoctorsbelievethatmany

chronicdiseases—fromhighbloodpressuretoheartdiseaseandevensomecancerscanbewardedoff

withafewsensiblechangesinlifestyle.

Notsurewheretostart?

Surprisingly,itdoesn'

tmatter,sinceonepositivechangeusuallyleadsto

another.Makeenoughchanges,andyou'

lldiscoveryou'

veadoptedanewwayoflife.

57.Mostpeoplewithbadhabitsofeatingmorethantheyshouldbelievethat______.

A.theycanneverchangethehabitsthathavehauntedthemfordecades

B.theirbodiescannotbedamagedbythebadhabits

C.theirbodiescanhealallthedamagewithoutthehelpfromoutside

D.theycanforcethemselvestocleanupthehadhabitslater

58.Theevidencetodisapprovetheassumptionthatweareindestructible_____.

A.isseldomapparent

B.isclearlyshowninthemirror

C.willappearobvioussoonerorlater

D.isstillaquestion

59.Accordingtothepassagethehumanbodycanhealthedamagecausedbybadhabits_____.

A.whenthedamageisnotveryserious

B.nomatterhowseriousthedamageis

C.afterwehavedroppedourbadhabits

D.muchmoreslowlythanwethink

60.Accordingtotherecentannouncements______.

A.womenshouldeatasmuchfishaspossible

2

B.womenarcatahigherriskofsufferingastrokethanmen

C.eatingalittlemorefishcanimprovewomen'

shealth

D.mendon'

thavetoeatasmuchfishaswomen

61.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

A.smokershavelowerlevelsofcarbonmonoxidethannon-smokers

B.thebloodofsmokersismorestickythanthatofnon-smokers

C.smokerswillbeunlikelytodiefromheartattackiftheyquitsmoking

D.chronicdiseasescanbecuredifwedropourhabitofsmoking

62.Inthelastparagraphtheauthortellsus_____.

A.whenweshouldstartquittingourbadhabits

B.itdoesn'

tmatterhowwestartquittingourbadhabits

C.thatmakingenoughchangeswillmakedoctorsunnecessarytous

D.it'

snevertoolatetostartmakingsensiblechangesinourlifestyle

PassageThree

Ourtruechallengetodayisnotdebtsanddeficitsorglobalcompetitionbuttheneedtofindawayto

liverich,fulfillingliveswithoutdestroyingtheplanet'

sbiosphere,whichsupportsalllife.Humanityhas

neverbeforefacedsuchathreat:

thecollapseoftheveryelementsthatkeepusalive.

Anappleisaneasythingtotakeforgranted.Ifyoulivewhereapplesgrowinabundance,youmight

assumethattheyarcreadilyavailableand.betteryet,thatyoumaypickfromawidevariety.Butdoyou

knowthattherearcfarfewertypestochoosefromtodaythantherewere100yearsago?

Betweentheyears1804and1905,therewere7,098varietiesofapplesgrownintheUnitedStates.

Today6,121ofthoseareextinct.Butdoesdiversityreallymatter?

Inthe1840'

s.Ireland'

spopulationexceededeightmillion,makingitthemostdenselypopulated

countryinEurope.Potatoeswereitsdietarymainstay,andasinglevarietycalledlumperswasthemost

widelygrown.

In1845thefarmersplantedtheirlumpersasusual,butaplantdiseaseknownasblightstruckand

wipedoutalmosttheentirecrop.MostofIrelandsurvivedthatdifficultyear,wrotePaulRaeburninhis

bookTheLastHarvestTheGeneticGambleThatThreatenstoDestroyAmericanAgriculture.The

devastationcamethenextyear.Farmershadnochoicebuttoplantthesamepotatoesagain.Theyhadno

othervarieties.Theblightstruckagain,thislimewithoverwhelmingforce.Thesufferingwas

indescribable.Historiansestimatethatupto1millionpeoplediedofstarvation,whileanother1.5

millionemigrated,mosttotheUnitedStates.Thoseremainingsufferedfromcrushingpoverty.

IntheAndesofSouthAmerica,farmersgrewmanyvarietiesofpotatoes,andonlyafewwere

affectedbyblight.Hence,therewasnoepidemic.Clearly,diversityofspeciesanddiversitywithinspecies

provideprotection.Thegrowingofjustoneuniformcroprunscountertothisbasicsurvivalstrategyand

leavesplantsexposedtodiseaseorpests,whichcandestroyanentireregion'

sharvest.Thatiswhymany

farmersdependsoheavilyonthefrequentuseofpesticides,eventhoughsuchchemicalsareoften

environmentallyhazardous.

Whydofarmersreplacetheirmanyfolkvarietieswithoneuniformcrop?

Usuallyinresponseto

economicpressures.Plantinguniformcropspromiseseaseofharvesting,attractivenessoftheproduct,

resistancetogobad,andhighproductivity.Butthesetrendsmaybedestroyingman'

sownfoodsupply.

63.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.

A.itisimportanttoprotecttheear