考研英语一试题及解析Word下载.docx

考研英语一试题及解析Word下载.docx

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　　Inarecentstudy___5__over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs___6__theparticipants'

susceptibility（敏感性）todevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing___7__tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheresearchers__9___thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere__12___.

　　"

Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe___13__riskforcoldsthat'

susually__14___withstress,"

notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"

isamarkerofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp___16__difficulty."

　　Someexperts___17__thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin（后叶催产素）,oftencalled"

thebondinghormone"

__18___itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit___19__inthebrain,whereit__20___mood,behaviorandphysiology.

　　1.　[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout　[D]Despite

　　2.　[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior

　　3.[A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice

4.[A]avoid[B]forget[C]recall[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving

　　6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of

7.[A]devoted[B]attracted[C]lost[D]exposed

　　8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out

　　9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated

10.[A]served[B]restored[C]explained[D]required

　　11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests

　13.　[A]highlighted[B]increased[C]controlled　[D]minimized

　14.[A]presented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]generate[C]moderate[D]record

　　16.[A]inthenameof　[B]intheformof[C] 

inthefaceof[D]inthewayof

17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return

18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until

19.[A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases　20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

　　Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:

WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'

economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

　　Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'

sO'

HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

　　Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

　　ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:

EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

　　Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'

sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

　　TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

　　21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto____

　　[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

　　[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

　　[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

　　[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

　　22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

　　[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

　　[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

　　[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

　　[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

　　23.Theword“expedited”（Liner4,Para.5）isclosetinmeaningto____

　　[A]quieter.

　　[B]cheaper.

　　[C]wider.

　　[D]faster.

　　24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis____

　　[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

　　[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

　　[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

　　[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

　　　　25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?

　　[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

　　[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

　　[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

　　[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

　　Text2

　　“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'

slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）,agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'

sviewofthecosmos.

　　AtissueistheTMT'

splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'

smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'

speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'

sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

　　OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

　　Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'

sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'

inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；

itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

　　Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'

sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

　　TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

　　26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates____

　　[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

　　[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

　　[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

　　[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.

　27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto____

　[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.

　　[B]i