考研英语一试题及解析Word下载.docx
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Inarecentstudy___5__over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs___6__theparticipants'
susceptibility(敏感性)todevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing___7__tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheresearchers__9___thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere__12___.
"
Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe___13__riskforcoldsthat'
susually__14___withstress,"
notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"
isamarkerofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp___16__difficulty."
Someexperts___17__thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin(后叶催产素),oftencalled"
thebondinghormone"
__18___itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit___19__inthebrain,whereit__20___mood,behaviorandphysiology.
1. [A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout [D]Despite
2. [A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior
3.[A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice
4.[A]avoid[B]forget[C]recall[D]keep
5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving
6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of
7.[A]devoted[B]attracted[C]lost[D]exposed
8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out
9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated
10.[A]served[B]restored[C]explained[D]required
11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even
12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests
13. [A]highlighted[B]increased[C]controlled [D]minimized
14.[A]presented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compared
15.[A]assess[B]generate[C]moderate[D]record
16.[A]inthenameof [B]intheformof[C]
inthefaceof[D]inthewayof
17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return
18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until
19.[A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases 20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:
WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'
economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'
sO'
HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:
EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:
Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'
sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto____
[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto____
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis____
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
Text2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'
slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'
sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'
splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'
smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'
speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'
sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'
sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'
inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;
itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'
sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates____
[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto____
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[B]i