职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051410Word文档下载推荐.docx

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051410Word文档下载推荐.docx

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freedom,familyandcommunitylife"

.

Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion（拥挤）,genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving,Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutof10.

Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest（最差的）,pickinguponly3.89points.

"

Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"

thereportsaid,"

someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdownintraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact.

Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."

Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.

No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.

TheUKispositionedatNo.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.TheUS,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDPafterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalftheleagueat60th.

For2,005years,Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

句子中的时间状语结构恰恰就是我们所说的一种可作为线索的特征结构（因为数字容易在文章中被查找到），我们利用2，005作为答案线索，在文章中找到答案相关句中提到的是“for2005（对2005年而言）”，不是问题句中说的“for2，005years（在2005年的时间里）”，而且画线结构说“爱尔兰2005年被选为世界上最适合居住的地方”，显然这个内容与问题句的内容不一致，判断问题句的说法错误。

2、HumanHeartCanMakeNewCells

Solvingalongstandingmystery,scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheartcontinuestogeneratenewcardiaccellsthroughoutthelifespan,althoughtherateofnewcellproductionslowswithage.

Thefinding,publishedintheApril3issueofScience,couldopenanewpathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheartfailureandheartattack,expertssay.

Wefindthatthebeatingcellsintheheart,cardiomyocytes,arerenewed,"

saidleadresearcherDr.JonasFrisen,aprofessorofstemcellresearchattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,Sweden."

Ithaspreviouslynotbeenknownwhetherwewerelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithoriftheycouldberenewed,"

hesaid.

Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschangesovertime,Frisenadded.Ina20-year-old,about1percentofcardiomyocytesareexchangedeachyear,buttheturnoverratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45percentbyage75,

Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationofnewcardiomyocytesisregulated,itmaybepotentiallypossibletodeveloppharmaceuticalsthatpromotethisprocesstostimulateregenerationafterforexample,aheartattack,"

Frisensaid.

Thatcouldleadtotreatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.

Alotofpeoplesufferfromchronicheartfailure,"

notedco-authorDr.RatanBhardwaj.

RatanBhardwaj,alsofromtheKarolinskaInstitute."

Chronicheartfailurearisesfromheartcellsdying,"

Withthisfinding,scientistsare"

openingthedoortopotentialtherapiestohavingourselveshealourselves,"

Bhardwajsaid."

Maybeonecoulddeviseapharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmakeheartcellsmakenewandmorecellstoovercometheproblemtheyarefacing."

Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwaj,scientistsdonotyetknowhowtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplacecellsfasterthantheyaredyingoff,especiallyinolderpatientswithheartfailure.Inaddition,thenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimatedusinghealthyhearts-whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsisthesameremainsunknown.

Inpeopleintheirmid-70s,only0.45percentofcardiomyocytes____.【单选题】

A.arestillfunctional

B.arereducedeachyear

C.arereplacedeachyear

D.aredamagedeachyear

C

第四段说，一个人20岁时，其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%，随着年龄的增长，该更替率（turnoverrate）不断下降，等到75岁时，只有0.45%。

3、Earlychildhoodeducation

InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofindinmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondentslisted"

togivechildrenagoodstartacademically"

asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.

IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（强调个性发展的）Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.

LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren'

schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto____.【单选题】

A.problemsolving

B.groupexperience

C.parentalguidance

D.individually-orienteddevelopment

这道题从第二段的第二句可以直接选出答案B。

4、LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears

Ahundredyearsago,lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47intheearly21stcentury,menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74.Womentoabout80,andtheseagesarerisingallthetime.Whathasbroughtaboutthesechanges?

Whenwelookatthelifespanofpeople100yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatestkillersofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury,theseweretheacuteandoften

____infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk.

Inthedevelopedworldthesediseasesarefarlessdeadlytoday,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberoffactorshaveledtothis:

improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics,whichmakebacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinationsagainstcommondiseases.Inaddition,people'

sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:

cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood,betterandwarmerhousing,andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.

Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85butwhilepeopledolivelongertoday,therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingUSfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes,andthosespreadbyviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffectolderpeople,butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesityleadingtomoreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.

Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"

lifestylediseases"

whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress.

【单选题】

A.more

B.less

C.high

D.highly

D

本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。

high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。

acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不应用比较级。

5、Nurse!

IWantMyMummy

Whenachildisillinhospital,aparent'

sfirstreactionistobewiththem.

Mosthospitalsnowallowparentstosleepovernightwiththeirchild,providingabedorsofarontheward.

Butuntilthe1970sthispracticewasnotonlyfrownedupon,itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staffworriedthatthechildrenwereupsetwhentheirparentsleft,andsotherewasablanketban.

Aconcernednurse,PamelaHawthorn,disagreedandherstudy"

Nurse!

Iwantmymummy"

publishedin1974,changedthefaceofpaediatricnursing.

MartinJohnson,aprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalford,saidthattheworkofnurseslikePamelahadchangedthefaceofpatientcare.

Pamela