综合写作攻略Word格式文档下载.docx
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and
Iswellorganizedandcoherent;
Containsappropriategrammarandvocabulary,withonlyoccasionalminorlanguageerrors.
文章切题，包含听力中的相关信息；
将听力主要信息与阅读材料信息准确对应；
段落组织有序，衔接紧密；
用词确切，语法规范，有少量拼写错误
4
Generallyconveysrelevantinformationfromthelecture,butmayhaveminoromissions;
and
Isgenerallygoodinrelatinginformationfromthelecturetoinformationinthereading,butmayhaveminorinaccuraciesorvaguenessofsomecontentorconnectionsamongideas;
Isgenerallywellorganized;
Containsappropriategrammarandvocabulary,butmayhavenoticeableminorlanguageerrorsoroccasionallackofclarity.
文章基本切题，基本包含了听力中的相关信息，但有少许遗漏；
信息组织基本合理，但有少许不准确之处或某些内容或观点间的衔接不清晰；
段落组织基本有序；
用词确切，语法规范，有明显的拼写错误或偶尔表述不清。
3
Containssomerelevantinformationfromthelecture,butmayomitonekeypoint;
or
Conveyssomeconnectionsbetweenthelectureandthereading,butsomecontentorconnectionsamongideasmaybeincomplete,inaccurate,orvague;
Containserrorsingrammarorusagethatresultinvaguenessofsomecontentorconnectionsamongideas
包含了听力中的某些相关信息，但遗漏了一个要点；
阐述了听力与阅读的某些联系，但某些内容或观点间的联系不完整，不准确或含糊不清；
包含语法错误影响了某些内容或观点间联系的表达
2
Containssomerelevantinformationfromthelecture,butmayhavesignificantomissionsorinaccuraciesofkeypoints;
or
Omitsorlargelymisrepresentstheconnectionsbetweenthelectureandthereading;
Containslanguageerrorsthatobscuremeaningofkeyideasorconnectionsamongideas.
包含听力材料中的某些相关信息，但有重大遗漏或要点表述错误；
遗漏或嵌解了听力与材料间的联系；
语法错误严重影响内容表达
1
Containslittleornorelevantcontentfromthelecture;
Failstoconnectpointsfromthelectureandreading;
Containslanguageerrorsthatgreatlyobscuremeaning;
Istoobrieftoallowevaluationofwritingproficiency.
没有或有很少听力中的相关信息；
没能将听力与阅读建立起联系；
语法错误严重影响表达；
篇幅太小影响评分
Onlycopiessentencesfromthereading;
Isnotrelatedtothegiventopic;
IswritteninalanguageotherthanEnglish;
Isblank.
仅从阅读材料中抄袭句子；
与主题无关；
用除英语外的其它语言写作；
空白卷
通过对评分标准进行分析，我们知道了ETS对于一篇好的综合写作作文的要求：
细节缺一不可
（example,reason,detail）
不能跑题（unity）
结构紧凑
（organization）
段落过渡流畅
（coherent）
用词多样化，丰富
（variety）
3、如何准备
1
良好的语法知识
2
充足的词汇量
3
基本的文体知识
4
良好的阅读习惯
5
良好的听力水平
6
高超的语言衔接手段
7
多种表达方法综合运用的能力
8
高超的记笔记能力
在平时备考过程中要注意：
1.
强化语法知识和学术论文写作的文体格式；
掌握常用时态，语态，语气和句式，熟练运用语法知识写出通顺的句子。
2.
千方百计强化词汇，多读学术性文章，熟悉写作格式和常用语言表达，熟悉英文写作思路。
3.
多听学术性强的英语讲座，熟悉英语口头表达方式，听懂大意，总结归纳。
4.
熟悉常用句型，多练
写作原则
归纳起来共有七条：
1）正式文体
2）完整结构
3）
明确观点
4）条理内容
5）重视句式
6）通顺联贯
7）
扬长避短
二、出题方式
1）3分钟阅读，字数300左右
2）1~2分钟听力，长度与阅读相当
3）20分钟写作，长度150~225字
三、要点
如何确定要点：
主题句
重复的语意（同根，同义，同一词）
原因和结果
被解释的词汇
5.
带有倾向性的名词，形容词，副词，动词等。
6.
被强调的语意（比较，最高级，绝对词）
7.
问题与答案
8.
重要例子
9.
比较/对比&
比喻
10.
表转折的词（其后的内容很重要）
四、动笔写作前的注意事项
Readthequestioncarefullyandthinkaboutwhatitwantsyoutodo.
reviewthenotesyoutookduringthelecture
planwhatfactstopresent,andinwhatorder
selectmainpointsandwriteaparagraphabouteach
developtheideaswithexamplesandreasons
五、如何结构全文：
总分式
分总式
总分总式
六、写作中的注意事项：
Statethekeypointclearlyinthefirstsentenceoftheparagraphwithminimumdetail.（每段第一句阐明主要观点，尽量少谈细节）
Eachparagraphshouldconveyonemajorpointandsupportitwithrelevantdetailsorexplanation.（每段包含的主要观点必须有相关的细节说明或解释）
作文主体完成后的注意事项：
Allowtimetocorrectgrammarandvocabularyerrors.（留出时间检查语法与单词拼写）
考生易犯的错误
Problem1:
nosubject-verbagreement
Incorrect
Correct
Morethanonereasonareexpressedinthereadingpassage.
Morethanonereasonisexpressedinthereadingpassage.
Oneideaisthatthesizeofthebrainindicateaperson’sintelligence.
Oneideaisthatthesizeofthebrainindicatesaperson’sintelligence.
Problem2:
nopronounagreement
Thebestwaytopreventacaraccidentistopreventthemfromhappening.
Thebestwaytopreventacaraccidentistopreventitfromhappening.
Maryisasalespersonwhichdoesagoodjob.
Maryisasalespersonwhodoesagoodjob.
Problem3:
duplicatesubject
Incorrect
Correct
MarthaGrahamshemadeherdebutin1920withtheDenishawnSchool.
MarthaGrahammadeherdebutin1920withtheDenishawnSchool.
AlthoughChristopherColumbushefailedinhisoriginalgoal,thediscoveryhedidmakeweremoreimportantthantheroutetoAsiaheexpectedtofind.
AlthoughChristopherColumbusfailedinhisoriginalgoal,thediscoveryhedidmakeweremoreimportantthantheroutetoAsiaheexpectedtofind.
Problem4:
incorrectverbform
Thesenewdrugsaswonderdrugssavingmanypeoplewhoareverysick.
Thesenewdrugsaswonderdrugssavemanypeoplewhoareverysick.
Problem5:
incompletesentence
Asaresult,reductioninthenumberofdeath.
Asaresult,reductioninthenumberofdeathhasbeenachieved.
Problem6:
incorrectlyjoinedclause
Surfaceirrigationwastesalotofwater,thiswatercannotbeusedforotherpurposes.
Surfaceirrigationwastesalotofwater,andthiswatercannotbeusedforotherpurposes.
Practice
Checkthesentencestructureofthefollowingparagraphs.Crossouterrorsandwritecorrectionsabovethem.Theremaybemorethanonewaytocorrectanerror.
Inthepast,peopleusegeothermalenergyinseveralways.Forexample,hotspringsforbathing,treatingdisease,andheatingbuildings.DifferenttribesinNorthAmericatheycallhotspringsplacesofpeace,everybodycouldsharethehotwaterforbathing.InEuropeanhistory,theRomanstheyalsousethewaterofhotspringsfortheirhealingpower.Forexample,eyeandskindiseases.GeothermalenergywasalsoheathomesinRomeandotherplaceswhoaregeologicallyactive.
Keys:
Inthepast,peopleusedgeothermalenergyinseveralways.Forexample,hotspringswereusedforbathing,treatingdisease,andheatingbuildings.TribesinNorthAmericacalledhotspringsplacesofpeace,andeverybodycouldsharethehotwaterforbathing.InEuropeanhistory,theRomansusedhotspringtocureeyeandskindiseases.Theyevenusedthewaterofhotspringsastheirhealingpower.GeothermalenergyheatedhomesinRomeandotherplaceswheregeothermalenergyisgeologicallyactive.
Theprofessormademanypointsaboutthemotivationandneedsofworkerstheysupportpointsmadeinthereading.First,theprofessorsaythesmallworkgroupimportantforworkersabout3to15peoplewithoneleader.Theworkgroupfillneedsofworkersthereasonistheycanparticipateandasenseofrespect.Thesmallworkgroupalsogiveworkerstheabilityformakedecisions.Thispointagreedwiththereadingitsaidthemostsatisfyingjobsarethosewithahighlevelofautonomythisgaveworkersavoicecanmaketheirowndecisions.
Theprofessormademanypointsaboutthemotivationandneedsofworkers.First,theprofessorsaidthatthesmallworkgroupisimportantforworkersabout3to15peoplewithoneleader.Theworkgroupfillsneedsofworkersthattheycanfullyparticipateineachtaskandenjoyasenseofrespect.Thesmallworkgroupalsogivesworkersthepossibilitytomakedecisions.Thispointagreedwiththereadinginthepointthatthemostsatisfyingjobsarethosewithahighlevelofautonomywhichgaveworkersavoicetomaketheirowndecisions.
七、拓展观点
总结听力材料summarizethelecture:
Thespeakertalksabout
Thelecturediscusses/ismainlydiscussing
Theprofessormadethepointthat
引出要点introducekeypoints:
First/second/third
First/then/anotherpointisthat
Orexpressthekeypointdirectlyinatopicsentence.
引出例子introduceexamplesorreasons:
Forexample（instance）/oneexampleis/suchas/thatis
增加例子addexamplesorreasons:
Next/Furthermore/anotherexampleis/inaddition
对比观点Shwcontrastbetweenideas:
However/Incontrast/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand/but
精彩opening:
1）Thelecturediscusses…whichdiffersfromthemainideainthereadingthat…
2）Theprofessormadethepointthat….Thereadingdoesnotdiscussthispoint.
Anotherimportantpointisthat…,butthereadingdoesnotdiscussthepoint.
Finally,theProfessorstatedthat….
Ingeneral,theProfessordiscussesproblemsof…thatthereadingdoesnotinclude.
3）Accordingtothelecture,….Ontheotherhand/whilethereadingstatedthat…
Theprofessormadethepointthat….Onthecontrary/however/incontrast,thewriterdemonstratedanideathat…
Thelecturesupports/illustratestheideathat…
Thelecturecontradicts/refutes/isincontraryto/istheoppositeoftheideathat…
对材料的指称：
Thespeaker/lecturer/professor/listeningmaterial/lecture
Thewriter/narrator/readingmaterial/writing
八、总体写作模式
Paragraph1
firstkeypointfromthelecture
Examplesfromthelecture
Explanationorconnectiontothereading
Paragraph2
secondkeypointfromthelecture
Paragraph3
thirdkeypointfromthelecture
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